Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Schemer, L, Schroeder, A , Ørnbøl, E & Glombiewski, JA 2019, 'Exposure and cognitive-behavioural therapy for chronic back pain: An RCT on treatment processes', European journal of pain (London, England), vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 526-538. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1326

Elmeros, M , Bossi, R , Christensen, TK , Kjær, L , Lassen, P & Topping, CJ 2019, 'Exposure of non-target small mammals to anticoagulant rodenticide during chemical rodent control operations', Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 6133-6140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-04064-3

Schullehner, J , Thygesen, M , Kristiansen, SM , Pedersen, CB & Dalsgaard, S 2019, 'Exposure to manganese in drinking water during childhood and association with ADHD - A nationwide cohort study.', ISEE conference, Utrecht, Netherlands, 25/08/2019 - 28/08/2019.

Hansen, MRH, Jørs, E, Sandbæk, A , Kolstad, HA , Schullehner, J & Schlünssen, V 2019, 'Exposure to neuroactive non-organochlorine insecticides, and diabetes mellitus and related metabolic disturbances: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis', Environment International, vol. 127, pp. 664-670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.074

Ernst, A , Brix, N , Lauridsen, LLB , Olsen, J , Parner, ET , Liew, Z , Olsen, LH & Ramlau-Hansen, CH 2019, 'Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances during Fetal Life and Pubertal Development in Boys and Girls from the Danish National Birth Cohort', Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 127, no. 1, 17004. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3567

Kolding, L 2019, 'Exposure to psychotropic medications during pregnancy - cardiotoxic and teratological effects'.

Aziz, E, Batool, R, Akhtar, W, Rehman, S, Gregersen, PL & Mahmood, T 2019, 'Expression analysis of the polyphenol oxidase gene in response to signaling molecules, herbivory and wounding in antisense transgenic tobacco plants', 3 Biotech, vol. 9, no. 2, 55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-019-1587-x

Choi, H, Andersen, JP & Molday, RS 2019, 'Expression and Functional Characterization of Missense Mutations in ATP8A2 Linked to Severe Neurological Disorders', Human Mutation, vol. 40, no. 12, pp. 2353-2364. https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.23889

Lindenberg, F, Krych, L, Fielden, J, Kot, W, Frøkiær, H, van Galen, G, Nielsen, DS & Hansen, AK 2019, 'Expression of immune regulatory genes correlate with the abundance of specific Clostridiales and Verrucomicrobia species in the equine ileum and cecum', Scientific Reports, vol. 9, 12674. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49081-5

Jespersen, DS, Schönherz, AA, Due, H, Bøgsted, M, Sondergaard, TE & Dybkær, K 2019, 'Expression of NOTCH3 exon 16 differentiates Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma into molecular subtypes and is associated with prognosis', Scientific Reports, vol. 9, 335. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36680-x

Collin, LJ, Cronin-Fenton, DP , Ahern, TP , Christensen, KB, Damkier, P, Hamilton-Dutoit, S , Kjaersgaard, A , Lauridsen, KL, Yacoub, R, Christiansen, P , Sørensen, HT & Lash, TL 2019, 'Expression of survivin does not appear to influence breast cancer recurrence risk', Acta Oncologica, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 154-161. https://doi.org/10.1080/0284186X.2018.1503419

Sørensen, JG, Giribets, MP, Tarrío, R, Rodríguez-Trelles, F, Schou, MF & Loeschcke, V 2019, 'Expression of thermal tolerance genes in two Drosophila species with different acclimation capacities', Journal of Thermal Biology, vol. 84, pp. 200-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.07.005

Mariager-Anderson, K & Jacobsen, S 2019, 'Expressions of Goal Orientation and Relatedness: A Qualitative Approach to SDT’s Basic Psychological Needs Regarding Dropout in Secondary Education Programmes', Paper presented at 7th International Self-Determination Theory Conference, Egmond aan Zee, Netherlands, 21/05/2019 - 24/05/2019.

Lehmann, JO , Mogensen, L & Kristensen, T 2019, 'Extended lactations in dairy production: Economic, productivity and climatic impact at herd, farm and sector level', Livestock Science, vol. 220, pp. 100-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2018.12.014

Sievert, KD, Hennenlotter, J, Dillenburg, T, Toomey, P, Wöllner, J, Zweers, P, Pannek, J, Andersson, KE & Amend, B 2019, 'Extended periprostatic nerve distributions on the prostate surface confirmed using diffusion tensor imaging', BJU International, vol. 123, no. 6, pp. 995-1004. https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.14508

Walther, R , Olesen, MTJ & Zelikin, AN 2019, 'Extended scaffold glucuronides: en route to the universal synthesis of O-aryl glucuronide prodrugs', Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, vol. 17, no. 29, pp. 6970-6974. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ob01384a

Florea, C, Alavesa, P, Arhippainen, L, Pouke, M, Huang, W, Haukipuro, L, Väinämö, S, Niemelä, A, Cortés Orduña, M, Pakanen, MA & Ojala, T 2019, Extending a User Involvement Tool with Virtual and Augmented Reality. in Proceedings of the 26th IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces., 8798299, IEEE, pp. 925-926, 26th IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces , OSAKA, Japan, 23/03/2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.2019.8798299

Hulme, OJ & Kvitsiani, D 2019, 'Extending models of “How Foraging Works”: Uncertainty, controllability, and survivability', Behavioral and Brain Sciences, vol. 42, e43. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X18002017

Qasim, D, Lamberts, T, He, J, Chuang, KJ, Fedoseev, G, Ioppolo, S, Boogert, ACA & Linnartz, H 2019, 'Extension of the HCOOH and CO₂ solid-state reaction network during the CO freeze-out stage: Inclusion of H₂CO', Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 626, A118. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935068

Stetkær, H 2019, 'Extensions of the sine addition law on groups', Aequationes Mathematicae, vol. 93, no. 2, pp. 467-484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00010-018-0584-1

Gyldenkerne, C , Olesen, KKW , Madsen, M , Thim, T, Jensen, LO, Raungaard, B , Sørensen, HT , Bøtker, HE & Maeng, M 2019, 'Extent of coronary artery disease is associated with myocardial infarction and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus', Clinical epidemiology, vol. 11, pp. 419-428. https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S200173

Olesen, KKW , Gyldenkerne, C , Madsen, M , Thim, T, Jensen, LO, Raungaard, B, Sørensen, HT , Bøtker, HE & Maeng, M 2019, 'Extent of coronary artery disease is associated with myocardial infarction and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus [Response to Letter]', Clinical epidemiology, vol. 11, pp. 721-722. https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S222994

Würtz, M , Olesen, KKW , Thim, T , Kristensen, SD, Eikelboom, JW & Maeng, M 2019, 'External applicability of the COMPASS trial: the Western Denmark Heart Registry', European heart journal - Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 192-199. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjcvp/pvz013

Sejr, MH , May, O , Damgaard, D, Sandal, BF & Nielsen, JC 2019, 'External continuous ECG versus loop recording for atrial fibrillation detection in patients who had a stroke', Heart, vol. 105, no. 11, pp. 848-854. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2018-314186

Fischer, G 2019, Externalisierung, Beschleunigung und regionale Transformation: Das Doce-Tal in Brasilien, 1880-2015. in M Christ, B Sommer & KS (eds), Transformationsgesellschaften: Zum Wandel gesellschaftlicher Naturverhältnisse. Metropolis-Verlag, Marburg, pp. 91-110.

Wichmann-Hansen, G, Christersson, C, Peterson, L & Kamp, A 2019, External panel evaluation report 2019: Assessment of the centre for engineering education, CEE, LTH Lund University. <https://www.lth.se/fileadmin/lth/omlth/styrelserochnamnder/SLTH/20190911.pdf>

Friis, EM, Crane, PR & Pedersen, KR 2019, 'Extinct diversity among early cretaceous angiosperms: Mesofossil evidence of early magnoliales from Portugal', International Journal of Plant Sciences, vol. 180, no. 2, pp. :93-127. https://doi.org/10.1086/701319

Yee, MO, Snoeyenbos West, OL, Thamdrup, B, Ottosen, LDM & Rotaru, A-E 2019, 'Extracellular Electron Uptake by Two Methanosarcina Species', Frontiers in Energy Research, vol. 7, 29. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2019.00029

Simonsen, U , Winther, AK, Oliván-Viguera, A, Comerma-Steffensen, S, Köhler, R & Bek, T 2019, 'Extracellular l-arginine Enhances Relaxations Induced by Opening of Calcium-Activated SKCa Channels in Porcine Retinal Arteriole', International Journal of Molecular Sciences , vol. 20, no. 8, 2032. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20082032

Seviour, TW, Derlon, N, Dueholm, MS, Flemming, H-C, Girbal-Neuhauser, E, Horn, H, Kjelleberg, S, Van Loosdrecht, MCM, Lotti, T, Malpei, MF, Nerenberg, R, R. Neu, T, Paul, E, Yu, H & Lin, Y 2019, 'Extracellular polymeric substances of biofilms: suffering from an identity crisis', Water Research, vol. 151, pp. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.020

Zachariae, EDFM , Hu, L & Petersen, SV 2019, Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3): an antioxidant or prooxidant in the extracellular space? in H Sies (ed.), Oxidative stress: eustress and distress. Academic Press, London, pp. 183-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818606-0.00012-2

Nielsen, T, Kristensen, SR, Gregersen, H, Teodorescu, EM, Christiansen, G & Pedersen, S 2019, 'Extracellular vesicle-associated procoagulant phospholipid and tissue factor activity in multiple myeloma', PLoS One, vol. 14, no. 1, 0210835. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210835

Buzasi, DL, Carboneau, L, Chontos, A, Hall, O, Handberg, R, Jevtic, N, Johnson, JA, Lund, MN, Stello, D & Zinn, J 2019, 'Extracting Asteroseismology from TESS FFIs: The TASOC Pipeline', American Astronomical Society. Bulletin, vol. #233, 202.07. <https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019AAS...23320207B/abstract>

Lauridsen, H, Gonzales, S, Hedwig, D, Perrin, KL, Williams, C, Wrege, PH, Bertelsen, MF, Pedersen, M & Butcher, JT 2019, 'Extracting physiological information in experimental biology via Eulerian video magnification', BMC Biology, vol. 17, no. 1, 103. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-019-0716-7

Van Huffel, K, Hansen, MJ, Bruneel, J, Van Langenhove, H & Feilberg, A 2019, 'Extraction efficiency of odorous compounds during a winter and summer period for partial pit ventilation in pig houses with diffuse ceiling inlet and wall inlets', Biosystems Engineering, vol. 179, pp. 71-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2018.12.006

Nguyen, MH 2019, 'Extraction of R-pronouns via an intermediate position within the prepositional domain', Snippets, vol. 35, pp. 10-12. <http://www.ledonline.it/snippets/allegati/snippets35004.pdf>

Lærke, HN , Stødkilde-Jørgensen, L , Ambye-Jensen, M , Jensen, SK, Sørensen, JF, Nørgaard, JV & Knudsen, KEB 2019, Extracts of green biomass as source of protein for pigs. in ML Chizzotti (ed.), Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition. Wageningen Academic Publishers, European Association for Animal Production. Scientific Series, vol. 138, pp. 177-178, 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 09/09/2019. https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9

Lærke, HN , Stødkilde, L , Ambye-Jensen, M , Jensen, SK , Sørensen, JF , Nørgaard, JV & Knudsen, KEB 2019, 'Extracts of green biomass as source of protein for pigs', EAAP scientific series, vol. 138, pp. 177-178. https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_28

Grønbæk, L , Vilstrup, H , Pedersen, L & Jepsen, P 2019, 'Extrahepatic autoimmune diseases in patients with autoimmune hepatitis and their relatives: A Danish nationwide cohort study', Liver International, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 205-214. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.13963

Holden, IK, Lillebaek, T, Andersen, PH, Bjerrum, S, Wejse, C & Johansen, IS 2019, 'Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Denmark From 2009 to 2014; Characteristics and Predictors for Treatment Outcome', Open Forum Infectious Diseases, vol. 6, no. 10, ofz388. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz388

Børsting, CF , Hellwing, ALF & Lund, P 2019, Extreme concentrate level decrease enteric methane significantly, and more in Holstein than in Jersey cows. in A Berndt, LGP Ribeiro & AL Abdalla (eds), Proceedings from 7th GGAA - Greenhouse Gas and Animal Agriculture Conference August 4th to 8th, Iguassu Falls/Brazil. Embrapa Southeast Livestock, São Carlos, Documentos, vol. 135, pp. 55, Greenhouse Gas and Animal Agriculture Conference, Iguassu Falls, Brazil, 04/08/2019. <http://www.ggaa2019.org/sites/default/files/proceedings-ggaa2019.pdf>

Edwards, MA, Jackson, MG, Kylander-Clark, ARC, Harvey, J, Hagen-Peter, GA, Seward, GGE, Till, CB, Adams, JV, Cottle, JM, Hacker, BR & Spera, FJ 2019, 'Extreme enriched and heterogeneous ⁸⁷ Sr/ ⁸⁶ Sr ratios recorded in magmatic plagioclase from the Samoan hotspot', Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol. 511, pp. 190-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.01.040

Raviselvam, S, Karupppasamy, S, L. Wood, K & Hölttä-Otto, K 2019, Extreme User Approach to Identify Latent Needs: Adaptation and application in Medical Device Design. in International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference: 31st International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology. vol. 7, DETC2019-98266, V007T06A011, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Anaheim, California, United States, 18/08/2019. https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2019-98266

Spence, C, Reinoso-Carvalho , F, Velasco , C & Wang, QJ 2019, 'Extrinsic Auditory Contributions to Food Perception & Consumer Behaviour: an Interdisciplinary Review', Multisensory Research, vol. 32, no. 4-5, pp. 275-318. https://doi.org/10.1163/22134808-20191403