Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Töpper, JP, Hoeks, S, Hartig, F, Kolstad, A, Tucker, MA, Bartlett, J, Bærum, KM, Chipperfield, J, Harfoot, M, Huijbregts, MAJ & Svenning, JC 2025, 'Advancing general ecosystem models (GEMs): Towards a mechanistic understanding of the biosphere in the light of the Anthropocene', Ecological Solutions and Evidence, vol. 6, no. 2, e70053. https://doi.org/10.1002/2688-8319.70053

Thompson, EC, Anastas, P, Bialk, H, D'Alessandro, D, Hoven, VP, Kedwards, TJ, Liu, Z, Mudring, AV, Saito, K, Zuin Zeidler, V & Daher, G 2025, 'Advancing green chemistry performance assessment: the Estée Lauder Companies’ continuing journey towards meaningful transparency', Green Chemistry, vol. 27, no. 18, pp. 5015-5026. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4gc04670f

Merhi, Y , Goumarre, V, Romanyuk, K, Amarasinghe, Y, Kholkin, A, Klarskov, P & Agarwala, S 2025, 'Advancing green electronics: tunable piezoelectric enhancement in biodegradable poly(l-lactic acid) PLLA films through thermal-strain engineering', Nanoscale Horizons, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 1414-1427. https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nh00142k

Leka, S & Shah, A 2025, Advancing Idea Management Systems with Topic Modeling: Radical Innovation Patterns in Student-Driven Industry Cases. in 2025 3rd Cognitive Models and Artificial Intelligence Conference, AICCONF 2025 - Proceedings. IEEE, 3rd Cognitive Models and Artificial Intelligence Conference, AICCONF 2025, Prague, Czech Republic, 13/06/2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/AICCONF64766.2025.11064163

Bragg, RA, Bergare, J, Artelsmair, M, Kerr, WJ, Skrydstrup, T & Elmore, CS 2025, 'Advancing Isotope Labeling Technologies at AstraZeneca through Academic-Industrial Collaboration', ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 1221-1225. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5c00338

Shahgholian, G & Fathollahi, A 2025, 'Advancing Load Frequency Control in Multi-Resource Energy Systems Through Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage', AppliedMath, vol. 5, no. 1, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/appliedmath5010001

Fakhar, A, Galgo, SJC, Canatoy, RC, Rafique, M, Sarfraz, R, Farooque, AA & Khan, MI 2025, 'Advancing modified biochar for sustainable agriculture: a comprehensive review on characterization, analysis, and soil performance', Biochar, vol. 7, no. 1, 8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00397-0

Tudoran, AA, Richter, NF, Higuera Reina, J & Verma, S 2025, 'Advancing Organizational Text Analytics via TM and LLMs Integration', Paper presented at Academy of Management Annual Conference , Copenhagen, Denmark, 25/07/2025 - 29/07/2025.

Hernandez, RK, Critchlow, CW, Dreyer, N, Lash, TL, Reynolds, RF, Sørensen, HT, Lange, JL, Gatto, NM, Sobel, RE, Lai, EC-C, Schoonen, M, Brown, JS, Christian, JB, Brookhart, MA & Bradbury, BD 2025, 'Advancing Principled Pharmacoepidemiologic Research to Support Regulatory and Healthcare Decision Making: The Era of Real-World Evidence', Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, vol. 117, no. 4, pp. 927-937. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.3563

Ma, Y, Zhang, T, Selvaraj, B, Shen, J, Wei, S, Cheng, C, Gao, H, Poulsen, PR, Li, H, Diffenderfer, E, Schuemann, J, Lin, L, Morris, Z, Durkee, B, Hesser, J, Lin, H, Simone, CB, Kang, M & Wu, H 2025, 'Advancing Proton FLASH Radiation Therapy: Innovations, Techniques, and Clinical Potentials', International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, vol. 123, no. 3, pp. 876-890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2025.05.076

Grinderslev, JB , Skov, LN , Kristensen, LR & Jensen, TR 2025, 'Advancing Solid-State Calcium Batteries: Achieving Fast Ionic Conductivity at Near Ambient Conditions in Calcium Hydridoborates', Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 64, no. 36, e202510493. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202510493

Hoffmann, M, Chen, C, Butterbach-Bahl, K, Ewert, F, Holz, M, Kiese, R, Augustin, J & Dubbert, M 2025, 'Advancing sustainable agricultural transformation through the synergy of automated experimental platforms and living labs', Nature Communications, vol. 16, no. 1, 8418. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-64450-7

Thomsen, JS, Miglio, A, Brogaard, K, Montalbán, J, Tailo, M, Van Rossem, WE, Casali, G, Jones, D, Arentoft, T, Casagrande, L, Sebastian, D, Buldgen, G, Triaud, AHMJ, Matteuzzi, M, Stokholm, A , Lund, MN, Mosser, B, Maxted, PFL, Southworth, J, Gadeberg, JT, Koivisto, N, Gray, Z, Pinter, V, Matilainen, K, Djupvik, AA, Jessen-Hansen, J , Grundahl, F, Slumstrup, D & Frandsen, S 2025, 'Advancing the accuracy in age determinations of old-disk stars using an oscillating red giant in an eclipsing binary', Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 699, A152. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202453347

Golgeci, I, Roscoe, S, Gligor, DM & Oh, CH 2025, 'Advancing the sociopolitical view of supply chain management', International Journal of Operations and Production Management, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 955-984. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-03-2025-0175

Goudarzi, MR 2025, 'Advancing Women's Social and Political Rights Through a Reinterpretation of Islamic Law: Ayatollah Jannaati's View of Female Political Authority in Shiite Islam', Digest of Middle East Studies, vol. 34, no. 1, e12351. https://doi.org/10.1111/dome.12351

Birkler, MK 2025, Adventshåb og vrimlende sneflokke: Grøn klumme om adventstiden. <https://xn--grnkirke-64a.dk/adventshaab-og-vrimlende-sneflokke-groen-klumme-om-adventstiden/>

Ge, F, Hauksdóttir, A, Song, H, Lu, D, Tómasson, G, Rúnarsdóttir, H, Bjarnadóttir, MD, Jakobsdóttir, J, Fang, F, Aspelund, T, Valdimarsdóttir, UA & Thordardottir, EB 2025, 'Adverse Childhood Experiences and Mental Health Outcomes Among Sexual Minority Women: A Population-Based Study', LGBT health. https://doi.org/10.1177/23258292251376565

Köhler-Forsberg, O , Ge, F, Aspelund, T, Wang, Y, Fang, F, Tomasson, G, Thordadottir, E, Hauksdóttir, A, Song, H & Valdimarsdottir, UA 2025, 'Adverse childhood experiences, mental distress, and autoimmune disease in adult women: findings from two large cohort studies', Psychological Medicine, vol. 55, e36, pp. e36. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724003544

Schwarz, CW, Näslund-Koch, C, Zachariae, C, Seidelin, JB, Nielsen, SD, Ostrowski, SR, Thyssen Astvad, KM, Brock, I, Iversen, L , Rasmussen, MK, Loft, N & Skov, L 2025, 'Adverse Events and Immune Response in Psoriasis Patients Receiving Interleukin-17 Inhibitors', Acta Dermato-Venereologica, vol. 105, adv43685. https://doi.org/10.2340/actadv.v105.43685

Rowe, SL, Sullivan, SG, Koerber, JJ, Muñoz, FM, Coates, MM, Arah, OA & Regan, AK 2025, 'Adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccination or diagnosis among pregnant and non-pregnant women in the United States, 2021-2022', International Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol. 160, 108050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108050

Chatwin, H , Holde, K , Momen, NC , Yilmaz, Z , Liu, X , Munk-Olsen, T , Strandberg-Larsen, K, Micali, N & Petersen, LV 2025, 'Adverse Neonatal Outcomes Among Children Born to Mothers Eating Disorders: A Register-Based Cohort Study', B J O G, vol. 132, no. 5, pp. 577-587. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.18028

Zepke, AK 2025, 'Advertiser Representation in Business News - A Multidimensional Perspective', Aarhus University.

Graarup, M, Andersen, HS, Mosalmani, A , Rezaeiyan, Y , Moradi, F & Zamani, M 2025, A Dynamically-Biased Relaxation Oscillator for Low-Power Applications. in 2025 23rd IEEE Interregional NEWCAS Conference (NEWCAS). IEEE, Annual IEEE Northeast Workshop on Circuits and Systems (NEWCAS), pp. 192-196, 23rd IEEE Interregional NEWCAS Conference, NEWCAS 2025, Paris, France, 22/06/2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/NewCAS64648.2025.11107011

Favero, N, Walker, RM & Zhang, J 2025, 'A dynamic study of citizen satisfaction: replicating and extending Van Ryzin’s “testing the expectancy disconfirmation model of citizen satisfaction with local government”', Public Management Review , vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 1588-1606. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2024.2304130

Kiel, L 2025, 'A (dys)functioning person? The role of personality traits, identity, and potential for change', PhD, Aarhus University, Aarhus.

Sørensen, MT , Hellwing, ALF , Sattarova, E & Eskildsen, M 2025, 'Ændringer i normtal for N og P udskillelse ab lager for økologiske grise 2025/2026', No. 2025-0793084, 9 p., Oct 10, 2025. Rådgivningsnotat fra DCA - Nationalt Center for Fødevarer og Jordbrug.

Macêdo, WV , Madsen, JS, Schacksen, P, Sandeep, R, Nielsen, JL, Biller, P & Vergeynst, L 2025, 'Aerobic biological treatment of hydrothermal liquefaction process water of sewage sludge: Nitrification inhibition and removal of hazardous pollutants', Water Research, vol. 277, 123351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123351

Egholm Lund, S 2025, 'Aerofeminism in the Anthropocene: Aeronautics, Feminism, and Atmospheric Control in Mary Bradley Lane's Mizora and Rokeya Hossain's "Sultana's Dream"', Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 1016-1038. https://doi.org/10.1093/isle/isae027

Xu, J, Jensen, MKS, Lassen, SB, Brandt, KK, Dechesne, A & Smets, BF 2025, 'Aeromonas isolation reveals this genus’s contribution to antimicrobial resistance fluxes across the wastewater–treated water–river interface', Journal of Applied Microbiology, vol. 136, no. 1, lxae302. https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxae302

Che, H , Zhang, L, Segal-Rozenhaimer, M, Dang, C, Zuidema, P & Sedlacek, AJ 2025, 'Aerosol hygroscopicity over the South-East Atlantic Ocean during the biomass burning season – Part 2: Influence of sea salt and burning conditions on CCN hygroscopicity', Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol. 25, no. 18, pp. 10987-11002. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10987-2025

Sattrup, L & Knudsen, LED 2025, 'Æstetisk resonans som engagement: En undersøgelse af elevers engagement i naturen på et kunstmuseum', Tidsskrift for æstetik og pædagogik, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 39-55. <https://tidsskrift.dk/taep/article/view/162083/203703>

Nielsen, HK 2025, 'Aesthetic Experience and Critical Reflection: Democratic Potentials of Artistic Interventions in Urban Public Space', User Experience and Urban Creativity Scientific Journal , vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 72-77. https://doi.org/10.48619/uxuc.v7i1.A1185

Philipsen, L 2025, Aesthetic Protocols of Popular AI Art. in J-N Thon & LRA Wilde (eds), AI Aesthetics : AI-Generated Images between Artistics and Aisthetics. Routledge, pp. 59-74. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003676423-3

Cavaletti, F & Terrenghi, I 2025, 'Aesthetics Meets Oncology: A Participatory Design Project to Speed Up Time Passage in Chemotherapy Through Virtual Reality', Aisthesis, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 185-206. https://doi.org/10.7413/2035-8466068

Sandager, J 2025, 'Aesthetic Worldings of Work: Exploring Invisible Women Workers and Work in Glittery STEM Careers', Organization. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508425137912

Krejsler, JB 2025, 'A European Crisis of Education in a Multipolar World: Indian, Chinese and Africana postcolonial responses to Eurocentric traditions', Scottish Educational Review, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 165-185. https://doi.org/10.1163/27730840-bja10049

Christensen, NB & Jacobsen, BH 2025, 'A fast hybrid 1D inversion approach for ground conductivity data', Near Surface Geophysics, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 30-48. https://doi.org/10.1002/nsg.12327

Dutschke, A, Hønge, BL, Nielsen, TB, Schjørring, S & Hansen, KS 2025, 'A fatal incidence of Yersinia enterocolitica meningitis', Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, vol. 113, no. 3, 116940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116940

Rasmussen, LR 2025, 'Affective, Atmospheric and Material Memory Work: Working through the researchers’ entanglements with the past', The International Standing Conference of the History of Education, Lille, France, 08/07/2025 - 11/07/2025.

FitzGibbon, L, Morriss, J, Clasen, M, Wake, S, Nesbit, R, Andersen, M & Dodd, H 2025, 'Affective forecasting during a horror attraction: Insights into Intolerance of Uncertainty', Journal of Anxiety Disorders, vol. 114, 103046, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2025.103046

Brøndum, T 2025, 'Affective Institutions. Institutional Habitus and Students’ Educational Orientations and Experiences of Worth and Belonging in Vocational and Higher Education', ECER 2025 , Beograd, Serbia, 08/09/2025 - 12/09/2025.

Bengtson, A 2025, 'Affirmative Action without Competition', American Journal of Political Science, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 783-796. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12864

Staunæs, D, Raffnsøe, S & Brøgger, K 2025, 'Affirmative critique as counter-archiving and an-archiving: For another academic freedom to come', Educational Philosophy and Theory, pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2025.2500373

Sørensen, P , Børgesen, CD , Ugilt Larsen, S , Jørgensen, U , Rasmussen, J , Kristensen, HL & Værbak, S 2025, 'Afgrødeparametrisering i NUAR-beregneren', No. 2025-0813592, 18 p., Sept 12, 2025. Rådgivningsnotat fra DCA - Nationalt Center for Fødevarer og Jordbrug.

Wang, A, Garcia-Pavia, P, Masri, A, Merkely, B, Nassif, ME, Peña-Peña, ML, Barriales-Villa, R, Bilen, O, Burroughs, M, Claggett, BL, Costabel, JP, de Barros Correia, E, Dybro, A, Elliott, P, Hegde, SM, Kulac, IJ, Lakdawala, NK, Lewis, GD, Mann, A, Nair, A, Poulsen, SH, Reant, P, Schulze, PC, Solomon, SD, Sohn, R, Berhane, I, Heitner, SB, Jacoby, DL, Kupfer, S, Malik, FI, Wohltman, A, Fifer, MA, Maron, MS & MAPLE-HCM Investigators 2025, 'Aficamten in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Multidomain, Patient-Level Analysis of the MAPLE-HCM Trial', Journal of the American College of Cardiology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2025.10.057

Garcia-Pavia, P, Maron, MS, Masri, A, Merkely, B, Nassif, ME, Peña-Peña, ML, Barriales-Villa, R, Bilen, O, Burroughs, M, Claggett, B, Costabel, JP, Correia, EDB, Dybro, AM, Elliott, P, Hegde, SM, Lakdawala, NK, Lewis, GD, Mann, A, Miao, ZM, Nair, A, Poulsen, SH, Reant, P, Schulze, PC, Solomon, SD, Wang, A, Sohn, R, Berhane, I, Heitner, SB, Jacoby, DL, Kupfer, S, Malik, FI, Wohltman, A, Fifer, MA & MAPLE-HCM Investigators 2025, 'Aficamten or Metoprolol Monotherapy for Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy', The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 393, no. 10, pp. 949-960. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2504654

Garcia-Pavia, P, Bilen, O, Burroughs, M, Costabel, JP, de Barros Correia, E, Dybro, AM, Elliott, P, Lakdawala, NK, Mann, A, Nair, A, Nassif, ME, Poulsen, SH, Reant, P, Schulze, PC, Wang, A, Berhane, I, Heitner, SB, Jacoby, DL, Kupfer, S, Malik, FI, Meng, L, Sohn, R, Wohltman, A, Fifer, MA & MAPLE-HCM Study Investigators 2025, 'Aficamten vs Metoprolol for Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: MAPLE-HCM Rationale, Study Design, and Baseline Characteristics', JACC: Heart Failure, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 346-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2024.11.011

Jørgensen, T 2025, A Fit and Proper Management Member. in E Ahlinder, K Chen & L Lundstedt (eds), Financial Law. Jure, Stockholm, Scandinavian Studies in Law, vol. 71, pp. 323-345.

Farhadiyadkuri, F & Zhang, X 2025, 'A Five-Dimensional Three-Layer Digital Twin to Train a Reinforcement Learning Agent for Interaction Control of a Robotic Exoskeleton in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Rehabilitation', International Journal of Mechanical System Dynamics, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 385-400. https://doi.org/10.1002/msd2.70020

Rodriguez, B & Xydis, G 2025, 'A five-target innovation discussion on low-speed wind turbine system optimization', Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 10427-10441. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2021.1966135

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Lise Refstrup Linnebjerg Pedersen