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Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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McDermid, SP, Ruane, A, Hudson, NI, Rosenzweig, C, Monica D. Morales; Prabodha Agalawatte; Shakeel Ahmad; L.R. Ahuja; Istiqlal Amien; Saseendran S. Anapalli; Jakarat Anothai;, Senthold Asseng; Benjamin Dumon; Federico Bert; Patrick Bertuzzi; Virenda S. Bhatia; Marco Bindi;, Ian Broad; Davide Cammarano; Ramiro Carretero; Ashfaq Ahmad Chattha; Uran Chung; Stpehanie Debats; Giacomo De Sanctis;, Thanda Dhliwayo; Lydon Estes; Frank Ewert; Roberto Ferrise; Thomas Gaiser; Guillermo Garcia; Sika Gbegbelegbe; Vellingiri Geethalakshmi;, Edward Gerardeaux; Richard Goldberg; Brian Grant; Edgardo Guevara; Joathan Hickman; Holger Hoffmann; Huanping Huang; Jamshad Hussain; Flavio Barbosa Justino; , Asha S. Karunaratne; Ann-Kristin Koehler; Patrice K. Kouakou; Soora Naresh Kumar; Arunachalam Lakshmanan; Mark Lieffering; Xiaomao Lin;, Qunying Luo; Marco Mancini; Fabio Ricardo Marin; Graciela Magrin; Yuji Masutomi; Theodoreos Mavromatis; Greg McLean;, Santiago Meira; Monoranjan Mohanty; Marco Moriondo; Wajid Nasim; Lamyaa Negm; Francesca Orlando; Simone Orlandini;, Öztürk, I, Helena Maria Soares Pinto; Guillermo Podesta; Zhiming Qi; Johanna Ramarohetra; Muhammad Habibn ur Rashman; Helene Raynal; Gabriel Rodriguez;, Reimund Rötter; Vaishali Shara; Lu Shuo; Ward Smith; Val Snow; Afshin Soltani; K. Srinivas; Dillip Kumar Swain; Fulu Tao; Kindie Tesfaye;, Maria I. Travasso; Giacomo Trombi; Eline Vanuytrecht; Federico E. Viscarra; Syed Aftab Wajid; Enli Wang; Hong Wang; Jing Wang; & Erandika Wijekoon; Lee Byun-Woo; Yang Xiaoguang; Ban Ho Young; Jin I. Yun; Zhigan Zhao; Lareef Zubair; 2015, 'The AgMIP Coordinated Climate-Crop Modeling Project (C3MP): Methods and Protocols', I C P Series on Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation, and Mitigation, vol. 3, pp. 191-220. https://doi.org/10.1142/9781783265640_0008
Brooks, DJ 2015, The Anatomy of Parkinsonian Disorders. in Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Neuroscience, Clinical Brain Mapping. vol. 3, Elsevier Inc., pp. 759-767. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-397025-1.00087-7
Rasmussen, M, Sikora, M, Albrechtsen, A, Korneliussen, TS, Moreno-Mayar, JV, Poznik, GD, Zollikofer, CPE, de Leon, MSP, Allentoft, ME, Moltke, I, Jónsson, H, Valdiosera, C, Malhi, RS, Orlando, L, Bustamante, CD, Stafford, TW, Meltzer, DJ, Nielsen, R & Willerslev, E 2015, 'The ancestry and affiliations of Kennewick Man', Nature, vol. 523, no. 7561, pp. 455-458. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14625
Kemp, P 2015, The animal - my partner. in P Kemp & S Frølund (eds), Nature in education. LIT Verlag, Zürich, pp. 215-226.
Madsen, CK & Brinch-Pedersen, H 2015, The Antinutritional Components of Grains. in C Wrigley, H Corke, K Seetharaman & J Faubion (eds), Nutrition and Food Grains: VOLUME 2: Nutrition and Food Grains. 2. ed. edn, vol. 2-4, pp. 283-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394437-5.00111-X
Sandahl, JD, Kjeldsen, E, Abrahamsson, J, Ha, S-Y, Heldrup, J, Jahnukainen, K, Jónsson, ÓG, Lausen, B, Palle, J, Zeller, B, Forestier, E & Hasle, H 2015, 'The applicability of the WHO classification in paediatric AML. A NOPHO-AML study', British Journal of Haematology, vol. 169, no. 6, pp. 859-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.13366
Holst, MK 2015, The architecture and history of Skelhøj: Introduction. in MK Holst & M Rasmussen (eds), Skelhøj and the Bronze Age Barrows of Southern Scandinavia : Vol. 2: Barrow building and barrow assemblies. Jysk Arkæologisk Selskab, Højbjerg, pp. 11-12.
Louw, ME 2015, The Art of Dealing With Things You Do Not Believe In: Dream Omens and Their Meanings in Post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan. . in V Steffen, S Jöhncke & KM Raahauge (eds), Between Magic and Rationality: On the Limits of Reason in the Modern World. Museum Tusculanum, Critical Anthropology, vol. 4, pp. 287-314.
Kong, SY, Takeuchi, M, Hyogo, H, McKeown-Eyssen, G, Yamagishi, S-I, Chayama, K, O'Brien, PJ, Ferrari, P, Overvad, K, Olsen, A, Tjonneland, A, Boutron-Ruault, M-C, Bastide, N, Carbonnel, F, Kühn, T, Kaaks, R, Boeing, H, Aleksandrova, K, Trichopoulou, A, Lagiou, P, Vasilopoulou, E, Masala, G, Pala, V, Santucci de Magistris, M, Tumino, R, Naccarati, A, Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB, Peeters, PH, Weiderpass, E, Quiros, JR, Jakszyn, P, Sanchez, M-J, Dorronsoro, M, Gavrila, D, Ardanaz, E, Rutegård, M, Nyström, H, Wareham, NJ, Khaw, K-T, Bradbury, KE, Romieu, I, Freisling, H, Stavropoulou, F, Gunter, MJ, Cross, AJ, Riboli, E, Jenab, M & Bruce, WR 2015, 'The Association between Glyceraldehyde-derived Advanced Glycation End-Products and Colorectal Cancer Risk', Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, vol. 24, no. 12, pp. 1855-1863. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-15-0422
De Araújo Teixeira Silva, C, Vieira, JMR, Rebelo, MAB & Vettore, MV 2015, 'The association between participation of adolescents in community groups and dental caries in a deprived area in Brazil', Caries Research, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 540-547. https://doi.org/10.1159/000438726
Aleksandrova, K, Bamia, C, Drogan, D, Lagiou, P, Trichopoulou, A, Jenab, M, Fedirko, V, Romieu, I, Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB, Pischon, T, Tsilidis, K, Overvad, K, Tjønneland, A, Bouton-Ruault, M-C, Dossus, L, Racine, A, Kaaks, R, Kühn, T, Tsironis, C, Papatesta, E-M, Saitakis, G, Palli, D, Panico, S, Grioni, S, Tumino, R, Vineis, P, Peeters, PH, Weiderpass, E, Lukic, M, Braaten, T, Quirós, JR, Luján-Barroso, L, Sánchez, M-J, Chilarque, M-D, Ardanas, E, Dorronsoro, M, Nilsson, LM, Sund, M, Wallström, P, Ohlsson, B, Bradbury, KE, Khaw, K-T, Wareham, N, Stepien, M, Duarte-Salles, T, Assi, N, Murphy, N, Gunter, MJ, Riboli, E, Boeing, H & Trichopoulos, D 2015, 'The association of coffee intake with liver cancer risk is mediated by biomarkers of inflammation and hepatocellular injury: data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition', American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 102, no. 6, pp. 1498-508. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.116095
Heinonen-Guzejev, M, Kliuchko, M, Monacis, L, Spinosa, V, Heikkilä, K, Tervaniemi, M & Brattico, E 2015, The association of noise sensitivity with musical aptitude and everyday use of music. in INTER-NOISE 2015 - 44th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering. Institute of Noise Control Engineering of the USA, Inc., 44th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering, INTER-NOISE 2015, San Francisco, United States, 09/08/2015.
Kliuchko, M, Heinonen-Guzejev, M, Monacis, L, Gold, B, Heikkilä, K, Spinosa, V, Tervaniemi, M & Brattico, E 2015, 'The association of noise sensitivity with music listening, training, and aptitude', Noise and Health, vol. 17, no. 78, pp. 350-357. https://doi.org/10.4103/1463-1741.165065
van Maanen, H, Edelman, J, Balkanyi, M, Bremgartner, MP, Hansen, LE, Saro, A, Scappach, B, Sorli, M, Toome, H-L & Szabo, A 2015, 'Theatre Systems Compared', Amfiteater : Journal of Performing Arts Theory, vol. 3, no. 1-2, pp. 235-255. <https://slogi.si/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Amfiteater-van-Maanen-Edelman-Balkányi-Bremgartner-Hansen-Saro-Schappach-Šorli-Toome-Szábo.pdf>
Nielsen, TR 2015, 'Theatrical Complicity as a Medium of Emancipation', Nordic Theatre Studies, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 48-59.
Mutsaers, HAM, Masereeuw, R & Olinga, P 2015, 'The authors reply', Kidney International, vol. 88, no. 3, pp. 637. https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2015.188
Elving, WJL, Golob, U, Podnar, K, Nielsen, AE & Thomsen, C 2015, 'The bad, the ugly and the good: new challenges for CSR communication', Corporate Communications: an international journal, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 118-127. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-02-2015-0006
Palacz, A, Nielsen, JR, Gislason, H, Christensen, A, Bastardie, F, Geitner, K, Maar, M, Lindegren, M, Hufnagl, M & Fulton, B 2015, 'The Baltic ATLANTIS model: Implementing a holistic framework to evaluate ecosystem-wide responses to changing climate and exploitation', 18. Danske Havforskermøde, Copenhagen, Denmark, 28/01/2015 - 30/01/2015. <http://havforsk2015.geus.dk/index.shtml>
Kemp, P & Nielsen, LW 2015, 'The barriers to climate awareness', Bioethics UPdate, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 96-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioet.2015.12.003
Holst, MK & Rasmussen, M 2015, The barrow gathering. in MK Holst & M Rasmussen (eds), Skelhøj and the Bronze Age Barrows of Southern Scandinavia Vol. 2: Barrow building and barrow assemblies. Jysk Arkæologisk Selskab, Højbjerg, Jysk Arkæologisk Selskabs Skrifter, vol. 89, pp. 127-136.
Holst, MK 2015, The basic building practices. in MK Holst & M Rasmussen (eds), Skelhøj and the Bronze Age Barrows of Southern Scandinavia Vol. 2: Barrow building and barrow assemblies. Jysk Arkæologisk Selskab, Højbjerg, Jysk Arkæologisk Selskabs Skrifter, vol. 89, pp. 91-110.
Torres, G, Lacy, CHS, Pavlovski, K, Feiden, GA, Sabby, JA, Bruntt, H & Clausen, JV 2015, The Benchmark Eclipsing Binary V530 Ori: A Critical Test of Magnetic Evolution Models for Low-Mass Stars. in SM Rucinski, G Torres & M Zejda (eds), Living Together: Planets, Host Stars and Binaries. Astronomical Society of the Pacific, pp. 169-173, Conference on Living Together: Planets, Host Stars and Binaries, Litomysl, Czech Republic, 08/09/2014.
Hu, H-M, Chen, L, Frary, CE, Chang, C-C, Hui, H, Zhang, H-P, Huang, D-G, Liu, Z-K, Zhao, Y-T, He, S-M, Zhang, X-F, He, B-R & Hao, D-J 2015, 'The beneficial effect of Batroxobin on blood loss reduction in spinal fusion surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study', Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, vol. 135, no. 4, pp. 491-497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-015-2183-0