Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Harris, M, Thulesius, H, Neves, AL, Harker, S, Koskela, T, Petek, D, Hoffman, R, Brekke, M, Buczkowski, K, Buono, N, Costiug, E, Dinant, GJ, Foreva, G, Jakob, E, Marzo, M, Murchie, P, Sawicka-Powierza, J, Schneider, A, Smyrnakis, E, Streit, S, Taylor, G, Vedsted, P, Weltermann, B & Esteva, M 2019, 'How European primary care practitioners think the timeliness of cancer diagnosis can be improved: a thematic analysis', BMJ Open, vol. 9, no. 9, e030169, pp. e030169. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030169

Krieger, J 2019, How Fears Changed the Games: Of Terror, Security and Costs. in J Krieger & S Wassong (eds), Dark Sides of Sport. Common Ground Publishing, Champaign, IL, The International Journal of Sport and Society, pp. 57-72.

Svensson, PC & Pasgaard, M 2019, 'How geoengineering scientists perceive their role in climate security politics–from concern and unease to strategic positioning', Geografisk Tidsskrift - Danish Journal of Geography, vol. 119, no. 1, pp. 84-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2019.1573352

Bisgaard, M 2019, 'How Getting the Facts Right Can Fuel Partisan-Motivated Reasoning', American Journal of Political Science, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 824-839. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12432

Hansen, FG 2019, 'How Impressions of Public Employees’ Warmth and Competence Influence Trust in Government', EGPA 2019 , Belfast, United Kingdom, 09/09/2019 - 13/09/2019.

Aggerholm, HK, Asmuß, B, Boivin, G, Buttny, R & Krippendorff, K 2019, How institutional authority and routine exertions of power can be mobilized, negotiated and challenged. in N Bencherki, F Matte & F Cooreen (eds), Authority and Power in Social Interaction: Methods and Analysis. Routledge, New York, pp. 56-76.

Xue, M, Wakamoto, T, Kejlberg, C , Yoshimura, Y , Nielsen, TA , Risør, MW , Sanggaard, KW, Kitahara, R & Mulder, FAA 2019, 'How internal cavities destabilize a protein', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), vol. 116, no. 42, pp. 21031-21036. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1911181116

Salgado, S & Kingo, OS 2019, 'How is physiological arousal related to self-reported measures of emotional intensity and valence of events and their autobiographical memories?', Consciousness and Cognition, vol. 75, 102811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2019.102811

Chen, X , Ottosen, LDM & Kofoed, MVW 2019, 'How Low Can You Go: Methane Production of Methanobacterium congolense at Low CO2 Concentrations', Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, vol. 7, 00034. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2019.00034

Pedersen, RØ 2019, 'How mammals shape the world'.

Vase, L , Baad-Hansen, L & Pigg, M 2019, 'How May Placebo Mechanisms Influence Orofacial Neuropathic Pain?', Journal of Dental Research, vol. 98, no. 8, pp. 861-869. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034519848719

Callesen, J , Dalgas, U , Brincks, J & Cattaneo, D 2019, 'How much does balance and muscle strength impact walking in persons with multiple sclerosis? - A cross-sectional study', Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, vol. 29, pp. 137-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2019.01.034

Enevoldsen, P, Permien, FH, Bakhtaoui, I, Krauland, AKV, Jacobson, MZ, Xydis, G , Sovacool, BK, Valentine, SV, Luecht, D & Oxley, G 2019, 'How much wind power potential does Europe have? Examining European wind power potential with an enhanced socio-technical atlas', Energy Policy, vol. 132, pp. 1092-1100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.06.064

Hansen, NB , Dindler, C , Halskov, K , Iversen, OS , Bossen, C , Basballe, DA & Schouten, B 2019, How participatory designworks: Mechanisms and effects. in Proceedings of the 31st Australian Conference on Human-Computer-Interaction, OzCHI 2019. Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 30-41, 31st Australian Conference on Human-Computer-Interaction, OzCHI 2019, Perth/Fremantle, Australia, 02/12/2019. https://doi.org/10.1145/3369457.3369460

Hansen, NB , Dindler, C , Halskov, K , Iversen, OS , Bossen, C , Basballe, DA & Schouten, B 2019, How Participatory Design Works: Mechanisms and Effects. in OzCHI: Australian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction Proccedings. AUSTRALIAN CONFERENCE ON HUMAN-COMPUTER-INTERACTION , Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia, 03/12/2019.

Sørensen, JK 2019, 'How physicians professional socialisation and social technologies may affect colleagues in substance use disorders', Addiction Research and Theory, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 104-113. https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2018.1457654

Hooshmand, K , Kudjordjie, EN , Sapkota, R , Nicolaisen, M & Fomsgaard, IS 2019, 'How plant shape their root-associated microbiome to acquire resilience against pathogen infection? What is the mechanism behind?', Planta Medica, vol. 85, no. 18, pp. 1396-1397. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399655

Thau, M 2019, 'How Political Parties Use Group-Based Appeals: Evidence from Britain 1964–2015', Political Studies, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 63-82. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321717744495

Brandt, US & Svendsen, GT 2019, 'How robust is the welfare state when facing open borders? An evolutionary game-theoretic model', Public Choice, vol. 178, no. 1-2, pp. 179–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-018-0622-5

Pettersen, H, Landheim, A, Skeie, I, Biong, S, Brodahl, M, Oute, J & Davidson, L 2019, 'How Social Relationships Influence Substance Use Disorder Recovery: A Collaborative Narrative Study', Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, vol. 13, 1178221819833379. https://doi.org/10.1177/1178221819833379

Mousten, B 2019, How Streetsmart Marketers try Phishing Customers: (Mis)Communication or Missed Communication through Loan Words. in B Maylath & K St.Amant (eds), Translation and Localization: A Guide for Technical and Professional Communicators. Routledge, New York.

Huang, J, Zhang, Y, Arhonditsis, GB, Gao, J, Chen, Q, Wu, N, Dong, F & Shi, W 2019, 'How successful are the restoration efforts of China's lakes and reservoirs?', Environment International, vol. 123, pp. 96-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.048

Christensen, N 2019, 'How the Inclusion of Children's Voices Changes Literary History', Paper presented at Silence and Silencing in Children's Literature, Stockholm , Sweden, 10/08/2019 - 18/08/2019.

Dietz, R , Eulaers, I , Mosbech, A , Davidson, TA , Sonne, C , Riget, FF, Wilson, S & Flora, J 2019, How the traditional lifestyle and diet in the North Water region is challenged by long-range pollution. in L Anker Kyhn & A Mosbech (eds), White Paper: North Water Polynya Conference 2017. Aarhus Universitet, Roskilde, pp. 119-121, North Water Polynya Conference , Copenhagen, Denmark, 22/11/2017. <http://conferences.au.dk/fileadmin/user_upload/NOW_Conference_book_White_paper.pdf>

Biskjaer, MM , Frich Pedersen, J , Macdonald Vermeulen, L , Remy, C & Dalsgaard, P 2019, How Time Constraints in a Creativity Support Tool Affect the Creative Writing Experience. in M Mulvenna & R Bond (eds), ECCE 2019: Proceedings of the 31st European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics: ''Design for Cognition''. Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 100-107, European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics (ECCE 2019), Belfast, United Kingdom, 10/09/2019. https://doi.org/10.1145/3335082.3335084

Bosch, E, Bulletti, C, Copperman, AB, Fanchin, R, Yarali, H, Petta, CA, Polyzos, NP, Shapiro, D, Ubaldi, FM, Garcia Velasco, JA, Longobardi, S, D'Hooghe, T, Humaidan, P & Delphi TTP Consensus Group 2019, 'How time to healthy singleton delivery could affect decision-making during infertility treatment: a Delphi consensus', Reproductive Biomedicine, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 118-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.09.019

Jørgensen, LB , Malte, H & Overgaard, J 2019, 'How to assess Drosophila heat tolerance: Unifying static and dynamic tolerance assays to predict heat distribution limits', Functional Ecology, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 629-642. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13279

Flarup, J , Andersen, GK & Lindgren, P 2019, 'How to combine the Technology Multi Business Innovation concept with the CDIO framework - The MBMI Case Challenge Process Model', Paper presented at THE 22ND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WIRELESS PERSONAL MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATIONS, Lisboa, Portugal, 24/11/2019 - 27/11/2019 pp. 1-1. https://doi.org/10.1109/WPMC48795.2019.9096190

Jensen, JL , Vahlstrup, PB & Bechmann, A 2019, How to Compare Different Social Media: A Conceptual and Technical Framework. in J Hunsinger, MM Allen & L Klastrup (eds), Second International Handbook of Internet Research. Springer Nature, pp. 799-814. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1555-1_32

Bjørnskov, C & Svendsen, GT 2019, How to construct a robust measure of social capital: two contributions. in I Geva-May, J Muhleisen & G Peters (eds), Classics of comparative policy analysis. Routledge, Abingdon, pp. 311-328.

Ilkjær, FV, Rasmussen, LD, Martin-Iguacel, R, Westh, L, Katzenstein, TL, Hansen, ABE, Nielsen, TL, Larsen, CS & Johansen, IS 2019, 'How to Identify Common Variable Immunodeficiency Patients Earlier: General Practice Patterns', Journal of Clinical Immunology, vol. 39, no. 7, pp. 641-652. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-019-00666-9

Carruthers, G, Carls-Diamante, S, Huang, L, Rosen, MG & Schier, E 2019, 'How to Operationalise Consciousness', Australian Journal of Psychology, vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 390-410. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajpy.12264

Jensen, HS 2019, How to raise your parents: Scandinavian children’s television in 1970s. Nordics.info, Aarhus. <http://nordics.info/en/show/artikel/how-to-raise-your-parents-scandinavian-childrens-television-in-1970s/>

Fischlin, M & Haagh, H 2019, How to Sign with White-boxed AES. in P Schwabe & N Thériault (eds), Progress in Cryptology – LATINCRYPT 2019 - 6th International Conference on Cryptology and Information Security in Latin America, Proceedings: 6th International Conference on Cryptology and Information Security in Latin America, Santiago de Chile, Chile, October 2–4, 2019, Proceedings. Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 11774, pp. 259-279, 6th International Conference on Cryptology and Information Security in Latin America, LATINCRYPT 2019, Santiago de Chile, Chile, 02/10/2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30530-7_13

Mitchell, F & Nørreklit, H 2019, How to take action for successful performance management: a pragmatic constructivist approach. Business Expert Press, New York.

Weisbjerg, MR, Kristensen, MØ, Nielsen, NI, Kristensen, T , Johansen, M , Lund, P & Larsen, M 2019, How to use NorFor feed values when analysing and reporting experimental results. in P Udén, T Eriksson, R Spörndly, B-O Rustas & J Karlsson (eds), Proceedings of the 10th Nordic Feed Science Conference. vol. 302, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, pp. 104-108, Nordic Feed Science Conference, Uppsala, Sweden, 11/06/2019. <https://www.slu.se/globalassets/ew/org/inst/huv/nfsc/nfsc2019/nfsc-proceedings-2019-06-05-torsten-eriksson.pdf>

Baum, CM & Weigelt, R 2019, How Where I Shop Influences What I Buy: The Importance of the Retail Format in Sustainable Tomato Consumption. in Economic Complexity and Evolution. Springer Science+Business Media, Economic Complexity and Evolution, pp. 141-169. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02423-9_8

Ziebland, S, Rasmussen, B, MacArtney, J, Hajdarevic, S & Andersen, RS 2019, 'How wide is the Goldilocks Zone in your health system?', Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 52-56. https://doi.org/10.1177/1355819618790985

Andersen, B , Christensen, BS, Christensen, J, Ejersbo, D, Heje, HN, Jochumsen, KM, Johansen, T , Larsen, LG , Lynge, E, Serizawa, R, Viborg, PH & Waldstrøm, M 2019, 'HPV-prevalence in elderly women in Denmark', Gynecologic Oncology, vol. 154, no. 1, pp. 118-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.04.680

Lilja-Fischer, JK , Ulhøi, BP , Stougaard, M , Lassen, P , Steiniche, T , Alsner, J & Overgaard, J 2019, 'HPV, tobacco smoking and specific mutations and amplifications in oropharyngeal cancer', 7th International Congress on Innovative Approaches in Head and Neck Oncology, Barcelona, Spain, 14/03/2019 - 16/03/2019.

Demarco, M, Hammer, A, Cheung, L & Schiffman, M 2019, 'HPV typing as part of cervical screening and management of HPV-positive women', ASCCP 2019. Annual scientific meeting on anogenital and HPV related disease, Atlanta, United States, 04/04/2019 - 07/04/2019.

Bohush, A, Bieganowski, P & Filipek, A 2019, 'Hsp90 and Its Co-Chaperones in Neurodegenerative Diseases', International Journal of Molecular Sciences , vol. 20, no. 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20204976

Bohush, A, Niewiadomska, G, Weis, S & Filipek, A 2019, 'HSP90 and Its Novel Co-Chaperones, SGT1 and CHP-1, in Brain of Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies', Journal of Parkinson's Disease, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 97-107. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-181443

Madsen, P , Isaksen, TJ , Siupka, P , Tóth, AE , Nyegaard, M , Gustafsen, C & Nielsen, MS 2019, 'HSPA12A targets the cytoplasmic domain and affects the trafficking of the Amyloid Precursor Protein receptor SorLA', Scientific Reports, vol. 9, 611. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37336-6

Hensel, N, Raker, V, Förthmann, B, Detering, NT, Kubinski, S, Buch, A, Katzilieris-Petras, G, Spanier, J, Gudi, V, Wagenknecht, S, Kopfnagel, V, Werfel, TA, Stangel, M, Beineke, A, Kalinke, U, Paludan, SR, Sodeik, B & Claus, P 2019, 'HSV-1 triggers paracrine fibroblast growth factor response from cortical brain cells via immediate-early protein ICP0', Journal of Neuroinflammation, vol. 16, no. 1, 248. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-019-1647-5

Jensen, MM , Olesen, JS , Kjerulff, B, Byberg, S, da Silva, ZJ, Rodrigues, A, Jespersen, S , Wejse, C, Aaby, P, Erikstrup, C & Hønge, BL 2019, 'HTLV prevalence is no longer following the decreasing HIV prevalence – 20 years of retroviral surveillance in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa', Acta Tropica, vol. 192, pp. 144-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.02.015

De Lange, DW, Guidet, B, Andersen, FH, Artigas, A, Bertolini, G, Moreno, R, Christensen, S, Cecconi, M, Agvald-Ohman, C, Gradisek, P, Jung, C, Marsh, BJ, Oeyen, S, Bollen Pinto, B, Szczeklik, W, Watson, X, Zafeiridis, T & Flaatten, H 2019, 'Huge variation in obtaining ethical permission for a non-interventional observational study in Europe', BMC Medical Ethics, vol. 20, no. 1, 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-019-0373-y

Harsløf, T , Rolighed, L & Rejnmark, L 2019, 'Huge variations in definition and reported incidence of postsurgical hypoparathyroidism: a systematic review', Endocrine, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 176-183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-019-01858-4

Henriksen, BIF & Møller, SH 2019, Huldtilpasning uden velfærdsproblemer i vinterperioden. in Temadag om aktuel minkforskning: Bilag. Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus, pp. 41-48, Temadag om aktuel minkforskning 2019, Tjele, Denmark, 17/09/2019. <https://anis.au.dk/fileadmin/ingen_mappe_valgt/Minktemadag_rapport_final_september2019.pdf>

Xu, W-B , Svenning, J-C, Chen, G-K, Zhang, M-G, Huang, J-H, Chen, B, Ordonez, A & Ma, K-P 2019, 'Human activities have opposing effects on distributions of narrow-ranged and widespread plant species in China', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), vol. 116, no. 52, pp. 26674–26681. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1911851116

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