Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Berger, T, Seppenwoolde, Y, Pötter, R, Assenholt, MS , Lindegaard, JC, Nout, RA, de Leeuw, A, Jürgenliemk-Schulz, I, Tan, LT, Georg, D, Kirisits, C, Dumas, I, Nesvacil, N, Swamidas, J, Hudej, R, Lowe, G, Hellebust, TP, Menon, G, Fokdal, L , Tanderup, K & EMBRACE Collaborative Group 2019, 'Importance of Technique, Target Selection, Contouring, Dose Prescription, and Dose-Planning in External Beam Radiation Therapy for Cervical Cancer: Evolution of Practice From EMBRACE-I to II', International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, vol. 104, no. 4, pp. 885-894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.03.020

Seppenwoolde, Y, Assenholt, MS, Georg, D, Nout, R, Tan, LT, Rumpold, T, de Leeuw, A, Jürgenliemk-Schulz, I, Kirisits, C, Pötter, R, Lindegaard, JC , Tanderup, K & EMBRACE Collaborative Group 2019, 'Importance of training in external beam treatment planning for locally advanced cervix cancer: Report from the EMBRACE II dummy run', Radiotherapy and Oncology, vol. 133, pp. 149-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2019.01.012

Ortega, A, Geraldi, NR, Alam, I, Kamau, AA, Acinas, SG, Logares, R, Gasol, JM, Massana, R, Krause-Jensen, D & Duarte, CM 2019, 'Important contribution of macroalgae to oceanic carbon sequestration', Nature Geoscience, vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 748-754. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0421-8

Phumthum, M , Balslev, H & Barfod, AS 2019, 'Important Medicinal Plant Families in Thailand', Frontiers in Pharmacology, vol. 10, no. SEP, 1125. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.01125

Choquette, E 2019, 'Import-based market experience and firms’ exit from export markets', Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 423-449. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-018-0193-1

Abreha, KG 2019, 'Importing and Firm Productivity in Ethiopian Manufacturing', The World Bank Economic Review, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 772-792. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhx009

Frederiksen, RR , Vilhelmsen, TN , Christiansen, AV & Auken, E 2019, 'Improved assessment of hydrological processes on catchment scale using a new towed groundbased TEM system', 10th International Groundwater Quality Conference (GW 2019), Liège, Belgium, 09/09/2019 - 12/09/2019.

Sanchez-Heredia, JD, Johansen, DH, Hansen, RB, Szocska Hansen, ES , Laustsen, C, Zhurbenko, V & Ardenkjaer-Larsen, JH 2019, 'Improved Decoupling for Low Frequency MRI Arrays using Non-conventional Preamplifier Impedance', IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering, vol. 66, no. 7, 8533360, pp. 1940-1948. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2018.2881203

Møller, AB, Malone, B, Odgers, NP, Beucher, A , Iversen, BV , Greve, MH & Minasny, B 2019, 'Improved disaggregation of conventional soil maps', Geoderma, vol. 341, pp. 148-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.01.038

van der Laan, P & Abkar, M 2019, 'Improved energy production of multi-rotor wind farms', Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1256, no. 1, 012011. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1256/1/012011

Arthur, E, Tuller, M, Norgaard, T, Moldrup, P & de Jonge, LW 2019, 'Improved estimation of clay content from water content for soils rich in smectite and kaolinite', Geoderma, vol. 350, pp. 40-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.05.018

Poulsen, NR , Mechlenburg, I , Søballe, K, Troelsen, A, Lange, J & CORIHA Research Group 2019, 'Improved Patient-Reported Quality of Life and Hip Function After Cementless 1-Stage Revision of Chronic Periprosthetic Hip Joint Infection', The Journal of Arthroplasty, vol. 34, no. 11, pp. 2763-2769.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2019.06.010

Tønning, P & Heck, M 2019, Improved power-handling of OEO conversion on a generic photonic integration platform. in Integrated Photonics Research, Silicon and Nanophotonics, IPRSN 2019., IM3A.4, OSA Publishing, OSA Advanced Photonics Congress, San Francisco, California, United States, 29/07/2019. <https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?uri=IPRSN-2019-IM3A.4>

Jünger, ST, Mynarek, M, Wohlers, I, Dörner, E, Mühlen, AZ, Velez-Char, N, von Hoff, K, Rutkowski, S, Warmuth-Metz, M, Kortmann, R-D, Timmermann, B, Rahmann, S, Klein-Hitpass, L, von Bueren, AO & Pietsch, T 2019, 'Improved risk-stratification for posterior fossa ependymoma of childhood considering clinical, histological and genetic features - a retrospective analysis of the HIT ependymoma trial cohort', Acta Neuropathologica Communications, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 181. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40478-019-0820-5

Nors, JB , Henriksen, TV , Gotschalck, KA , Juul, T, Søgaard, J, Iversen, LH & Andersen, CL 2019, 'IMPROVE-IT2: Implementing non-invasive circulating tumor DNA analysis to optimize the operative and postoperative treatment for patients with colorectal cancer – Intervention Trial 2. Study protocol', Randers Forskningssymposium 2019, Randers, Denmark, 07/11/2019 - 07/11/2019.

Paludan, JPD , Andresen, SR , Abrahamsen, J, Petersen, LJ & Høyer, C 2019, 'Improvement in Image Quality of Tc-99m-based Ventilation/Perfusion Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Through Pretest Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment', World Journal of Nuclear Medicine, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 185-186. https://doi.org/10.4103/wjnm.WJNM_81_18

Højen, A 2019, Improvement in young Adults’ second-language pronunciation after short-term immersion. in AM Nyvad, M Hejná, A Højen, A Bothe Jespersen & M Hjortshøj Sørensen (eds), A sound approach to language matters: in honor of Ocke-Schwen Bohn. AU Library Scholarly Publishing Services, Aarhus , pp. 543-560. https://doi.org/10.7146/aul.322.218

Blauvelt, A, Rosmarin, D, Bieber, T, Simpson, EL, Bagel, J, Worm, M, Deleuran, M, Katoh, N, Kawashima, M, Shumel, B, Chen, Z, Rossi, AB, Hultsch, T & Ardeleanu, M 2019, 'Improvement of atopic dermatitis with dupilumab occurs equally well across different anatomical regions: data from phase III clinical trials', British Journal of Dermatology, vol. 181, no. 1, pp. 196-197. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.17703

Watson, H, Guevara, M, Vilstrup, H & Ginès, P 2019, 'Improvement of hyponatremia in cirrhosis is associated with improved complex information processing', Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol. 34, no. 11, pp. 1999-2003. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.14683

Cai, M, Wang, Q, Wells, G, Dionysiou, DD, Song, Z, Jin, M, Hu, J, Ho, S-H, Xiao, R & Wei, Z 2019, 'Improving dewaterability and filterability of waste activated sludge by electrochemical Fenton pretreatment', Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 362, pp. 525-536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.01.047

Wang, X , Lund, MS , Ma, P , Janss, L , Kadarmideen, HN & Su, G 2019, 'Improving genomic predictions by correction of genotypes from genotyping by sequencing in livestock populations', Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, vol. 10, 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-019-0315-z

Roderick, S & Vaarst, M 2019, Improving organic animal farming for the future. in M Vaarst & S Roderick (eds), Improving organic animal farming. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, S.l., Burleigh Dodds Series in Agricultural Science, no. 46, pp. 375-384.

Panting, M 2019, 'Improving production of recombinant proteins in the grains of barley (Hordeum vulgare)'.

Deng, L, Fiskal, A, Han, X, Dubois, N, Bernasconi, SM & Lever, MA 2019, 'Improving the accuracy of flow cytometric quantification of microbial populations in sediments: Importance of cell staining procedures', Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 10, no. APR, 720. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00720

Møller, AH , Amer, B , Pedersen, LJ & Dalsgaard, TK 2019, 'Improving the quality of green protein', Circular Bioeconomy Days on New protein sources for Europe, Foulum, Denmark, 25/06/2019 - 27/06/2019.

Mikkelsen, LR , Garval, M , Holm, C & Skou, ST 2019, 'Improving the referral pattern of patients with knee osteoarthritis to the orthopaedic surgeon: Development and evaluation of a new screening algorithm based on patient-reported data and radiographs', International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing, vol. 35, 100706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijotn.2019.07.002

Stoustrup, P & Twilt, M 2019, 'Improving treatment of the temporomandibular joint in juvenile idiopathic arthritis', Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 1119-1121. https://doi.org/10.1080/1744666X.2020.1676151

Tougaard, J 2019, IMPULSIVE NOISE SOURCES: Activities in the Danish EEZ reported for 2017 to the ICES impulsive noise register. Teknisk rapport fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, no. 140, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, Aarhus Unoiversitet. <http://dce2.au.dk/pub/TR140.pdf>

Bach, L, Zbawicka, M, Strand, J & Wenne, R 2019, 'Mytilus trossulus in NW Greenland is genetically more similar to North Pacific than NW Atlantic populations of the species', Marine Biodiversity, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 1053-1059. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-018-0870-0

Xiao, R, Liu, K, Bai, L, Minakata, D, Seo, Y, Kaya Göktaş, R, Dionysiou, DD, Tang, CJ, Wei, Z & Spinney, R 2019, 'Inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms by sulfate radical: Present and future', Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 371, pp. 222-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.03.296

Ryom, K, Eshøj, S, Simonsen, CB, Nielsen, G, Troelsen, J & Maindal, HT 2019, Inaktivitet i Danmark, delrapport 1: Kortlægning af eksisterende viden om faktorer, der påvirker inaktivitet. Institut for Folkesundhed, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus.

Hilbolling, S, Berends, H, Deken, F & Tuertscher, P 2019, 'In and out of sync: Temporal coordination in digital innovation ecosystems', Paper presented at 11th International Process Symposium , Chania, Greece, 19/06/2019 - 22/06/2019.

Lykkegaard, E & Ulriksen, L 2019, 'In and out of the STEM pipeline–a longitudinal study of a misleading metaphor', International Journal of Science Education, vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 1600-1625. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2019.1622054

Larsen, SN 2019, '”I naturen kan man ikke score 12-taller”: Anmelder Rane Willerslev: "Rygrad og rummelighed. Et oplæg til et mere modigt dannelsesbegreb" (People’sPress) ', Information, pp. 26.

Bak-Nielsen, S , Ramlau-Hansen, CH , Ivarsen, A , Plana-Ripoll, O & Hjortdal, J 2019, 'Incidence and prevalence of keratoconus in Denmark - an update', Acta Ophthalmologica, vol. 97, no. 8, pp. 752-755. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.14082

Furer, V, Rondaan, C, Heijstek, M, Van Assen, S, Bijl, M, Agmon-Levin, N, Breedveld, FC, D'Amelio, R, Dougados, M, Kapetanovic, MC, Van Laar, JM, Ladefoged De Thurah, A, Landewé, R, Molto, A, Müller-Ladner, U, Schreiber, K, Smolar, L, Walker, J, Warnatz, K, Wulffraat, NM & Elkayam, O 2019, 'Incidence and prevalence of vaccine preventable infections in adult patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD): A systemic literature review informing the 2019 update of the EULAR recommendations for vaccination in adult patients with AIIRD', RMD Open, vol. 5, no. 2, e001041. https://doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2019-001041

Petersen, PB, Kehlet, H, Jørgensen, CC, Lundbeck Foundation Center for Fast-track Hip and Knee Replacement Collaborative Group, Madsen, F , Hansen, TB, Husted, H, Laursen, MB, Hansen, LT, Kjærsgaard-Andersen, P, Solgaard, S & Krarup, NH 2019, 'Incidence and Risk Factors for Stroke in Fast-Track Hip and Knee Arthroplasty—A Clinical Registry Study of 24,862 Procedures', The Journal of Arthroplasty, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 743-749.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2018.12.022

Aminian, A, Schmidt, B, Mazzone, P, Berti, S, Fischer, S, Montorfano, M, Lam, SCC, Lund, J, Asch, FM, Gage, R, Cruz-Gonzalez, I, Omran, H, Tarantini, G & Nielsen-Kudsk, JE 2019, 'Incidence, Characterization, and Clinical Impact of Device-Related Thrombus Following Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion in the Prospective Global AMPLATZER Amulet Observational Study', JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions, vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 1003-1014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2019.02.003

Ruwald, MH, Ruwald, A-C, Johansen, JB, Gislason, G, Nielsen, JC, Philbert, B, Riahi, S, Vinther, M & Lindhardt, TB 2019, 'Incidence of appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy and mortality after implantable cardioverter-defibrillator generator replacement: results from a real-world nationwide cohort', EP Europace, vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 1211-1219. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euz121

Olsen, T, Jørgensen, OD, Nielsen, JC, Thøgersen, AM, Philbert, BT & Johansen, JB 2019, 'Incidence of device-related infection in 97 750 patients: clinical data from the complete Danish device-cohort (1982-2018)', European Heart Journal, vol. 40, no. 23, pp. 1862-1869. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz316

Ibáñez, L, Sabaté, M, Vidal, X, Ballarin, E, Rottenkolber, M, Schmiedl, S, Heeke, A, Huerta, C, Martin Merino, E, Montero, D, Leon-Muñoz, LM, Gasse, C, Moore, N, Droz, C, Lassalle, R, Aakjaer, M, Andersen, M, De Bruin, ML, Groenwold, R, van den Ham, R, Souverein, P, Klungel, O & Gardarsdottir, H 2019, 'Incidence of direct oral anticoagulant use in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and characteristics of users in 6 European countries (2008–2015): A cross-national drug utilization study', British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, vol. 85, no. 11, pp. 2524-2539. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14071

Musliner, KL , Liu, X , Gasse, C , Christensen, KS , Wimberley, T & Munk-Olsen, T 2019, 'Incidence of medically treated depression in Denmark among individuals 15-44 years old: A comprehensive overview based on population registers', Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, vol. 139, no. 6, pp. 548-557. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13028

Christiansen, MK, Haugaa, K, Svensson, A, Gilljam, T, Madsen, T, Hansen, J, Holst, AG, Bundgaard, H, Edvardsen, T, Svendsen, JH, Platonov, PG & Jensen, HK 2019, 'Incidence, predictors, and success of ventricular tachycardia catheter ablation in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC): A long-term cohort study from the Nordic ARVC registry', European Society of Cardiology Congress 2019, Paris, France, 31/08/2019 - 04/09/2019.

Soholm, J, Holm, DK, Mossner, B, Madsen, LW, Hansen, JF, Weis, N, Sauer, AP, Awad, T & Christensen, PB 2019, 'Incidence, prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C in Danish prisons', PLoS One, vol. 14, no. 7, 0220297. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220297

Reinke, R, Mathiesen, JS, Larsen, SR, Hahn, CH, Pedersen, HB, Bentzen, J, Schytte, S, Godballe, C, Londero, SC & A study from The Danish Thyroid Cancer Group – DATHYRCA (part of the DAHANCA organization) 2019, 'Incidental and Non-incidental Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma in Denmark 1996–2015: A national study on incidence, outcome and thoughts on active surveillance', Cancer epidemiology, vol. 60, pp. 46-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2019.03.011

Bengtsson, C, Jonsson, L, Holmström, M, Hellgren, J, Franklin, K, Gíslason, T, Holm, M, Johannessen, A, Jõgi, R, Schlünssen, V, Janson, C & Lindberg, E 2019, 'Incident Chronic Rhinosinusitis Is Associated With Impaired Sleep Quality: Results of the RHINE Study', The Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 899-905. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.7846

Jensen, AK, Uggeldahl, KC, Jacobsen, BH, Jensen, JD & Hasler, B 2019, 'Including aesthetic and recreational values in cost-effectiveness analyses of land use change based nitrogen abatement measures in Denmark', Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 240, pp. 384–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.076

Poier, PP & Jensen, F 2019, 'Including implicit solvation in the bond capacity polarization model', Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 151, no. 11, 114118. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5120873

Ehlers, B & Bilde, T 2019, 'Inclusive fitness, asymmetric competition and kin selection in plants', Oikos, vol. 128, no. 6, pp. 765-774. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.06390

Pedersen, PJ & Caner, A 2019 'Income distribution among Turkish immigrants in Germany and Denmark' The Rockwool Foundation Research Unit, København.

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Lise Refstrup Linnebjerg Pedersen