Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Lamberts, T, Ioppolo, S, Cuppen, HM, Fedoseev, G & Linnartz, H 2015, 'Thermal H/D exchange in polar ice - deuteron scrambling in space', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 448, no. 4, pp. 3820-3828. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv278

Ferrari, P, Janssens, E, Lievens, P & Hansen, K 2015, 'Thermal radiation and fragmentation pathways of photo-excited silicon clusters', Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 143, no. 22, 224313. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4936917

Nicacio, F, Ferraro, A, Imparato, A, Paternostro, M & Semiao, FL 2015, 'Thermal transport in out-of-equilibrium quantum harmonic chains', Physical Review E, vol. 91, no. 4, 042116. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.91.042116

Lesher, C & Spera, FJ 2015, Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Silicate Melts and Magma. in H Sigurdsson, B Houghton, S McNutt, H Rymer & J Stix (eds), The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes . 2 edn, Elsevier, pp. 113-142.

Kunther, W , Dai, Z & Skibsted, J 2015, Thermodynamic modeling of Portland cement - metakaolin - limestone blends. in K Scrivener & A Favier (eds), Calcined clays for sustainable concrete: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Calcined Clays for Sustainable Concrete. Springer, RILEM Bookseries, vol. 10, pp. 143-149, 1st International Conference on Calcined Clay for Sustainable Concrete, Zürich, Switzerland, 23/06/2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9939-3_18

Kunther, W , Dai, Z & Skibsted, J 2015, Thermodynamic modeling of Portland cement – metakaolin – limestone blends. in ICCC 2015 Beijing : the 14th international congress on the chemistry of cement, 13-16 October, 2015: 1 Abstract book. pp. 108-114, 14th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, Beijing, China, 13/10/2015.

Reardon, H , Iversen, BB & Bremholm, M 2015, 'Thermoelectric Clathrates Under Extreme Conditions', Danscatt Annual meeting 2015, Aarhus, Denmark, 28/05/2015 - 29/05/2015.

Man, EA, Sera, D, Máthé, L, Schaltz, E & Rosendahl, LA 2015, Thermoelectric Generator Emulator for MPPT Testing. in Proceedings of the 2015 ACEMP-OPTIM-Electromotion International Conference. IEEE Press, pp. 774 - 778, 2015 International Aegean Conference on Electrical machines and Power Electronics ACEMPOPTIM- ELECTROMOTION Joint Conference, Side, Turkey, 02/09/2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7427051

Sreeparvathy, PC, Gudelli, VK, Kanchana, V, Vaitheeswaran, G, Svane, A & Christensen, NE 2015, 'Thermoelectric properties of binary LnN (Ln=La and Lu): First principles study', AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1665, 110008. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4918064

Sommer, S 2015, Thermoelectric ZnO and ZnAl2O4.

Whyte, CA, Mackie, K, Abbiati, G & Stojadinovic, B 2015, Thermomechanical hybrid simulation of an earthquake-fire-earthquake scenario. in Conference of the ASCE Engineering Mechanics Institute. Conference of the ASCE Engineering Mechanics Institute, Pako Alto, California, United States, 16/06/2015.

Lauring, J 2015, The rocky phases of moving abroad. in Welcome to Denmark: A guide to practical and social integration. The Confederation of Danish Industry, pp. 6-7.

Peschel, AO , Scholderer, J & Zielke, S 2015, 'The role of activation format in price information transfer between categories: Paper presented at 143 EAAE/AAEA Joint seminar , Napoli, Italy'.

Vaarst, M 2015, 'The Role of Animals in Eco-functional Intensification of Organic Agriculture', Sustainable Agriculture Research, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 103-115. https://doi.org/10.5539/sar.v4n3p103

Rossen, CB , Buus, N, Stenager, E & Stenager, E 2015, 'The role of assessment packages for diagnostic consultations: A conversation analytic perspective', Health, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 294-317. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363459314545698

Biesta, G, Priestley, M & Robinson, S 2015, 'The role of beliefs in teacher agency', Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 624-640. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2015.1044325

Hansen, TT, Andersen, J , Nordström, IB, Beers, TC, Yoon, J & Buchhave, LA 2015, 'The role of binaries in the enrichment of the early Galactic halo I. r-process-enhanced metal-poor stars', Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A), vol. 583, A49. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201526812

Matchkov, VV , Bødtkjer, DMB & Aalkjaer, C 2015, 'The role of Ca(2+) activated Cl(-) channels in blood pressure control', Current Opinion in Pharmacology, vol. 21, pp. 127-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2015.02.003

Frandsen, F & Johansen, W 2015, The Role of Communication Executives in Strategy and Strategizing. in D Holtzhausen & A Zerfass (eds), The Routledge Handbook of Strategic Communication. Routledge, New York, pp. 229-243.

Lueg, R, Pedersen, MM & Clemmensen, SN 2015, 'The Role of Corporate Sustainability in a Low-Cost Business Model: A Case Study in the Scandinavian Fashion Industry', Business Strategy and the Environment, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 344-359. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1825

Arndt, C 2015, The Role of Electoral Systems for the Translation of Political Trust into Electoral Participation. in C Eder, IC Mochmann & M Quandt (eds), Political Trust and Disenchantment with Politics: International Perspectives. Brill, Leiden, International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology, vol. 125, pp. 109-129.

De Bie, S, Coloma, PM, Ferrajolo, C, Verhamme, KMC, Trifirò, G, Schuemie, MJ, Straus, SMJM, Gini, R, Herings, R, Mazzaglia, G, Picelli, G, Ghirardi, A, Pedersen, L, Stricker, BHC, Van Der Lei, J & Sturkenboom, MCJM 2015, 'The role of electronic healthcare record databases in paediatric drug safety surveillance: A retrospective cohort study', British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 304-314. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12610

Okshevsky, M & Meyer, RL 2015, 'The role of extracellular DNA in the establishment, maintenance and perpetuation of bacterial biofilms', Critical Reviews in Microbiology, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 341-352. https://doi.org/10.3109/1040841X.2013.841639

Kienast, J, Lakner, M & Neulet, A 2015, 'The Role of Female Offenders in Sex Trafficking Organizations', Paper presented at ACUNS Annual Conference 2015, Vienna, Austria, 12/01/2015 - 16/01/2015 pp. 36-42. <http://www.ra-un.org/uploads/4/7/5/4/47544571/post_2015_development_agenda.pdf>

Eichler, M, Arcones, A, Kelic, A, Korobkin, O, Langanke, K, Marketin, T, Martinez-Pinedo, G, Panov, IV, Rauscher, T, Rosswog, S, Winteler, C, Zinner, NT & Thielemann, F-K 2015, 'The Role of Fission in Neutron Star Mergers and its Impact on the r-Process Peaks', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 808, no. 1, 30. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/808/1/30

Guldbrandt, LM , Fenger-Grøn, M , Rasmussen, TR , Jensen, H & Vedsted, P 2015, 'The role of general practice in routes to diagnosis of lung cancer in Denmark: a population-based study of general practice involvement, diagnostic activity and diagnostic intervals', B M C Health Services Research, vol. 15, pp. 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-014-0656-4

Hieke, S, Kuljanic, N, Wills, JM, Pravst, I, Kaur, A, Raats, MM, van Trijp, HCM, Verbeke, W & Grunert, KG 2015, 'The role of health-related claims and health-related symbols in consumer behaviour: Design and conceptual framework of the CLYMBOL project and initial results', Nutrition Bulletin, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 66-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/nbu.12128

Gehrt, TB , Carstensen, T , Ørnbøl, E , Fink, P , Kasch, H & Frostholm, L 2015, 'The Role of Illness Perceptions in Predicting Outcome Following Acute Whiplash Trauma - A Multicenter 12-month Follow-up Study', The Clinical Journal of Pain, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 14-20. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0000000000000085

Andersen, PO, Stjernholm, T, Kragstrup, TW , Steenberg, LR , Johansen, C , Stenderup, K , Iversen, L & Kjeldsen, CR 2015, 'The role of leptin in psoriasis comprises a proinflammatory response by the dermal fibroblast.', British Journal of Dermatology. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13969

Egeland, NG, Lunde, S, Jonsdottir, K, Lende, TH, Cronin-Fenton, D, Gilje, B, Janssen, EAM & Søiland, H 2015, 'The Role of MicroRNAs as Predictors of Response to Tamoxifen Treatment in Breast Cancer Patients', International Journal of Molecular Sciences (Online), vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 24243-75. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161024243

Pillalamarri, SK & Holm, C 2015, 'The Role of Moral Reasoning and Order Effects on Ethical Decision Making Ability: Novice vs. Experienced Accounting Students', Paper presented at EARNet Symposium, Lausanne, Switzerland, 11/09/2015 - 12/09/2015.

Bouzinova, E 2015, 'The role of Na,K-ATPase/Src-kinase signaling pathway in the vascular wall contaction.', Scandinavian Physiological Society Annual Meeting, Aarhus, Denmark, 17/09/2015 - 20/09/2015.

Pasqualetti, G, Brooks, DJ & Edison, P 2015, 'The Role of Neuroinflammation in Dementias', Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, vol. 15, no. 4, 17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-015-0531-7

Raja, R & Weiss, L 2015, 'The Role of Objects: Creating Meaning in Situations', Religion in the Roman Empire, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 137-147. https://doi.org/10.1628/219944615X14296073073494

Nyvad, B 2015, The role of oral hygiene. in O Fejerskov, B Nyvad & E Kidd (eds), Dental Caries: The Disease and Its Clinical Management. Third Edition edn, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 277-285.

Smith, R, Wu, K, Hart, T, Loane, C, Brooks, DJ, Bjorklund, A, Odin, P, Piccini, P & Politis, M 2015, 'The role of pallidal serotonergic function in Parkinson's disease dyskinesias: a positron emission tomography study', Neurobiology of Aging, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 1736-1742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.12.037

Oxvig, C 2015, 'The role of PAPP-A in the IGF system: location, location, location', Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 177-87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12079-015-0259-9

Mountraki, AD, Koutsospyros, KR & Kokossis, AC 2015, The Role of Process Integration in Reviewing and Comparing Biorefinery Processing Routes: The Case of Xylitol. in Process Development and Resource Conservation for Biomass Conversion. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 309-327. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118699140.ch12

Aarhus, R , Andersen, RS , Tarp, BD, Tjørnhøj-Thomsen, T & Vedsted, P 2015, 'The role of receptionists in diagnostic processes in primary care. An ethnographic study', Ca-PRI, Aarhus , Denmark, 19/05/2015 - 22/05/2015.

Aarhus, R , Andersen, RS , Tarp, B, Tjornhoj-Thomsen, T & Vedsted, P 2015, 'The role of secretaries in diagnostic processes in primary care. An ethnographic study', European Journal of Cancer Care, vol. 24, no. Supplement S2, pp. 54-54.

Watson, LA & Dritschel, B 2015, The role of self during autobiographical remembering and psychopathology: evidence from philosophical, behavioral, neural, and cultural investigations. in LA Watson & D Berntsen (eds), Clinical Perspectives on Autobiographical Memory. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 335-357.

Hansen, CS, Jensen, TM, Jensen, JS, Nawroth, P, Fleming, T, Witte, DR , Lauritzen, T , Sandbæk, A , Charles, M , Fleischer, J, Vistisen, D & Jørgensen, ME 2015, 'The role of serum methylglyoxal on diabetic peripheral and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy: The ADDITION Denmark study', Diabetic Medicine, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 778-785. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.12753

Valentini, C, Romenti, S & Kruckeberg, D 2015, 'The Role of social media discourses on stakeholder crises awareness and perception – A meta-theoretical framework', Paper presented at 2015 ICA Annual Conference, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 21/05/2015 - 25/05/2015.

Nasiri Moghadam, N , Holmstrup, M , Manenti, T , Mouridsen, M , Pertoldi, C & Loeschcke, V 2015, 'The Role of Storage Lipids in the Relation between Fecundity, Locomotor Activity, and Lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster Longevity-Selected and Control Lines', PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 6, e0130334. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130334

Mortensen, P 2015, The Romance of Reinhabitation: Jack London and Knut Hamsun. in M Lucarelli & S Bergmann (eds), Spaces in-between: Cultural and Political Perspectives on Environmental Discourse. Brill, Leiden, Studies in Environmental Humanities, vol. 2, pp. 38-50.

Vidal, M, Bismuth, R, Bulling, A & Gellersen, H 2015, The royal corgi: exploring social gaze interaction for immersive gameplay. in Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, pp. 115-124. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702163

Brøgger, K 2015, 'The Rule of Mimetic Desire in Higher Education: The Effects of Governing the Bologna Process through Naming, Shaming and Faming', The European Conference on Educational Research, Budapest, Hungary, 07/09/2015 - 11/09/2015.

Neumann, T 2015, The Rules of Notification in Inter-Nordic Sales. in MB Andersen & RF Henschel (eds), A Tribute to Joseph M. Lookofsky. Djøf Forlag, Kbh., pp. 299-317.

Casagrande, L, Silva Aguirre, V, Serenelli, AM, Stello, D, Feltzing, S, Schlesinger, KJ & for the SAGA team 2015, 'The SAGA so far: reading the history of the Galaxy with asteroseismology', E P J Web of Conferences, vol. 101, 03001. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201510103001

Casagrande, L, Silva Aguirre, V, Serenelli, AM, Stello, D, Feltzing, S & Schlesinger, KJ 2015, 'The SAGA so far: reading the history of the Galaxy with asteroseismology', The Space Photometry Revolution - CoRoT Symposium 3, Kepler KASC-7 Joint Meeting, Toulouse, France, Edited by R.A. García; J. Ballot; EPJ Web of Conferences, vol. 101, pp. 3001. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201510103001

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