Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Mellentin, AI, Dervisevic, A, Stenager, E, Pilegaard, M & Kirk, U 2015, 'Seeing enemies? A systematic review of anger bias in the perception of facial expressions among anger-prone and aggressive populations.', Aggression and Violent Behavior, vol. 25, Volume 25, pp. 273-283.

Bak-Sørensen, C, Nielsen, TK & Graumann, O 2015, 'Segmental Testicular Infarction – is conservative management feasible?', ESUR2015, København, Denmark, 16/09/2015 - 19/09/2015.

Aronov, B, Driemel, A, Van Kreveld, M, Löffler, M & Staals, F 2015, 'Segmentation of trajectories on nonmonotone criteria', A C M Transactions on Algorithms, vol. 12, no. 2, 26. https://doi.org/10.1145/2660772

Jensen, F 2015, 'Segmented contracted basis sets optimized for nuclear magnetic shielding', Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 132-138. https://doi.org/10.1021/ct5009526

Sørensen, CK , Rodriguez Algaba, J , Justesen, AF & Hovmøller, MS 2015, 'Segregation for aggressiveness in sexual ofspring of the yellow rust pathogen Puccinia striiformis', 2015 BGRI Workshop, Sydney, Australia, 17/09/2015 - 20/09/2015. <http://www.globalrust.org/sites/default/files/2015%20BGRI%20Plenary%20abstracts.pdf>

Roien, LA 2015, Seksualundervisning i skolen – rammer, praksis og udfordringer. in S Venka, U Pedersen, J Magne Jensen & S Broström (eds), Sundhedspædagogik og sundhedsfremme i dagtilbud og skole: praktisk guide til en helhedsorienteret indsats. 1. edn, Dafolo, Frederikshavn, pp. 193-201.

Borup, J 2015, Sekulariseret mindfulness vinder frem i Danmark. <http://www.religion.dk/religionsanalysen/mindfulness-vinder-frem-i-danmark>

Andersen, KM 2015, 'Sekularisering og religion: en studie i fortællingens nøglerolle i folkeskolens religionsundervisning', København.

Heine, C & Knorr, D 2015, 'Selbstreflexion durch Gesprächsführung anstoßen – Die Rolle der Betreuenden', Paper presented at PROWITEC-Symposium "Schreiben im Übergang – Übergänge gestalten“, Köln, Germany, 28/05/2015 - 29/05/2015.

Simeone, A, Chong, MK, Sas, C & Gellersen, H 2015, 'Select and apply: understanding how users act upon objects across devices', Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, vol. 19, no. 5-6, pp. 881-896. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-015-0836-1

Barber, DG, Hop, H, Mundy, CJ, Else, B, Dmitrenko, IA, Tremblay, JE, Ehn, JK, Assmy, P, Daase, M, Candlish, LM & Rysgaard, S 2015, 'Selected physical, biological and biogeochemical implications of a rapidly changing Arctic Marginal Ice Zone', Progress in Oceanography, vol. 139, pp. 122-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2015.09.003

Li, H, Ding, T, Zhang, G, Yan, Z, Wang, C & Shi, Z 2015, Selection and effectiveness evaluation of spray nozzles for spray cooling system in dairy cattle housing. in 2015 ASABE Annual International Meeting., 152187934, ASABE - American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, ASABE international annual meeting 2015, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, 26/07/2015. https://doi.org/10.13031/aim.20152187934

Hendrickx, F, Vanthournout, B & Taborsky, M 2015, 'Selection for costly sexual traits results in a vacant mating niche and male dimorphism', Evolution, vol. 69, no. 8, pp. 2105-2117. https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12720

Larsen, SA , Meldgaard, T, Fridriksdottir, AJ, Lykkemark, S, Poulsen, PC, Overgaard, LF, Petersen, HB, Petersen, OW & Kristensen, P 2015, 'Selection of a breast cancer subpopulation-specific antibody using phage display on tissue sections', Immunologic Research, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 263-272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-015-8657-x

Larsen, SA , Meldgaard, T , Lykkemark, S , Mandrup, OA & Kristensen, P 2015, 'Selection of cell-type specific antibodies on tissue-sections using phage display', Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 1939-1948. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.12568

Ning, Y , Cramer, JR , Nuermaimaiti, A , Svane, KL , Yu, M , Lægsgaard, E , Besenbacher, F, Xue, Q-K, Ma, X, Hammer, B , Gothelf, KV & Linderoth, TR 2015, 'Selection of conformational states in self-assembled surface structures formed from an oligo(naphthylene-ethynylene) 3-bit binary switch', Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 142, 101922. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4908062

Castro Dias Cuyabano, B , Su, G & Lund, MS 2015, 'Selection of haplotype variables from a high-density marker map for genomic prediction', Genetics Selection Evolution, vol. 47, 61. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12711-015-0143-3

Sørensen, HP , Xu, P, Jiang, L, Kromann-Hansen, T, Jensen, KJ, Huang, M & Andreasen, PA 2015, 'Selection of High-Affinity Peptidic Serine Protease Inhibitors with Increased Binding Entropy from a Back-Flip Library of Peptide-Protease Fusions', Journal of Molecular Biology, vol. 427, no. 19, pp. 3110-3122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2015.08.005

Greve, MH, Adhikari, K, Chellasamy, M & Guo, Z 2015, 'Selection of key terrain attributes for SOC model', The 6th Global Workshop on Digital Soil Mapping, Nanjing, China, 11/11/2014 - 14/11/2014.

Melsen, B & Dalstra, M 2015, Selection of Miniscrew, implant types, sizes and insertion sites. in MA Papadopoulos (ed.), Skeletal anchorage in orthodontic treatment of Class II malocclusion: : Contemporary applications of orthodontic implants, miniscrew implants and mini plates. 1 edn, Mosby, pp. 66-70.

Pedersen, HS , Liu, Y , Li, R , Purup, S , Løvendahl, P, Holm, P, Hyttel, P & Callesen, H 2015, 'Selection of pre- versus postpubertal pig oocytes for parthenogenetic activation and somatic cell nuclear transfer', Reproduction, Fertility and Development, vol. 27, pp. 544-550. https://doi.org/10.1071/RD13283

Sánchez-Martín, D, Sørensen, MD , Lykkemark, S, Sanz, L, Kristensen, P, Ruoslahti, E & Álvarez-Vallina, L 2015, 'Selection strategies for anticancer antibody discovery: searching off the beaten path', Trends in Biotechnology, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 292-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.02.008

Slattery, DA, Naik, RR, Grund, T, Yen, Y-C, Sartori, SB, Füchsl, A, Finger, BC, Elfving, B, Nordemann, U, Guerrini, R, Calo, G, Wegener, G, Mathé, AA, Singewald, N, Czibere, L, Landgraf, R & Neumann, ID 2015, 'Selective breeding for high anxiety introduces a synonymous SNP that increases neuropeptide s receptor activity', The Journal of neuroscience, vol. 35, no. 11, pp. 4599-613. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4764-13.2015

Ostenfeld, MS , Jeppesen, DK , Bramsen, JB , Laurberg, JR , Howard, K , Dyrskjøt, L & Ørntoft, TF 2015, 'Selective cellular removal of miR23b by Rab27a/b-dependent exosome release is linked to acquisition of a metastatic property in bladder cancer.', Cancer Research.

Thirstrup, JP , Malmkvist, J & Lund, MS 2015, Selektion for tillidsfulde mink giver bedre pelskvalitet. in SH Møller & J Malmkvist (eds), Temadag om aktuel minkforskning: DCA rapport nr. 066. vol. 66, DCA - Nationalt Center for Fødevarer og Jordbrug, pp. 75-81, Temadag om aktuel minkforskning, Foulum, Denmark, 15/09/2015. <http://web.agrsci.dk/djfpublikation/djfpdf/DCArapport066.pdf>

Hughes, DJ, Fedirko, V, Jenab, M, Schomburg, L, Méplan, C, Freisling, H, Bueno-de-Mesquita, HBA, Hybsier, S, Becker, N-P, Czuban, M, Tjønneland, A, Outzen, M, Boutron-Ruault, M-C, Racine, A, Bastide, N, Kühn, T, Kaaks, R, Trichopoulos, D, Trichopoulou, A, Lagiou, P, Panico, S, Peeters, PH, Weiderpass, E, Skeie, G, Dagrun, E, Chirlaque, M-D, Sánchez, M-J, Ardanaz, E, Ljuslinder, I, Wennberg, M, Bradbury, KE, Vineis, P, Naccarati, A, Palli, D, Boeing, H, Overvad, K, Dorronsoro, M, Jakszyn, P, Cross, AJ, Quirós, JR, Stepien, M, Kong, SY, Duarte-Salles, T, Riboli, E & Hesketh, JE 2015, 'Selenium status is associated with colorectal cancer risk in the European prospective investigation of cancer and nutrition cohort', International Journal of Cancer, vol. 136, no. 5, pp. 1149-61. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29071

Ma, P, Deshmukh, YS, Wilsens, CHRM, Hansen, MR, Graf, R & Rastogi, S 2015, 'Self-assembling process of Oxalamide compounds and their nucleation efficiency in bio-degradable Poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s', Scientific Reports, vol. 5, 13280. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep13280

Villumsen, NS , Jensen, HB , Le, TTT , Møller, HS, Nordvang, RT, Ravn Nielsen, L, Bang Nielsen, S, Sørensen, J, Hammershøj, M & Larsen, LB 2015, 'Self-assembly of Caseinomacropeptide as a Potential Key Mechanism in the Formation of Visible Storage Induced Aggregates in Acidic Whey Protein Isolate Dispersions', International Dairy Journal, vol. 49, pp. 8-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2015.05.003

Jensen, LF , Pedersen, AF , Andersen, B & Vedsted, P 2015, 'Self-assessed health, perceived stress and non-participation in breast cancer screening: A Danish cohort study', Preventive Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.10.004

Nunes, F, Verdezoto, N, Fitzpatrick, G, Kyng, M, Grönvall, E & Storni, C 2015, 'Self-Care Technologies in HCI: Trends, Tensions, and Opportunities', ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, vol. 22, no. 6, 33. https://doi.org/10.1145/2803173

Fristrup, T & Grut, S 2015, Self-caring in later life. in HL Robertson (ed.), The caring museum: new models of engagement with ageing. 1. edn, MuseumsEtc, Edinburgh, pp. 266-301.

Madsen, VT 2015, 'Self-Censorship on Internal Social Media: Coworker Communication Behavior in a Danish Bank'.

Welz, C 2015, Self-Deception. in SM Emmanuel, W McDonald & J Stewart (eds), Kierkegaard Research: Sources, Reception and Resources (KRSRR), vol. 15, tome VI: Kierkegaard’s Concepts: Salvation to Writing. Ashgate, Farnham, pp. 29-34.

Varga, S 2015, Self-Deception, Self-Knowledge and Autobiography. in C Cowley (ed.), The Philosophy of Autobiography. University of Chicago Press, pp. 141-155.

Barndorff-Nielsen, OE , Sauri, O & Szozda, B 2015 'Selfdecomposable Fields' arxiv.org. <http://arxiv.org/abs/1502.01520>

Barndorff-Nielsen, OE , Sauri, O & Szozda, B 2015 'Selfdecomposable Fields' Thiele Research Reports, no. 02, T.N. Thiele Centre, Department of Mathematics, Aarhus University. <http://math.au.dk/publs?publid=1035>

van Mastrigt, S 2015, Self-determination in prison: A new framework for thinking about penal practice and Scandinavian exceptionalism? in A Storgaard (ed.), Research Seminar Report 57. Scandinavian Research Council for Criminology: Hvad er lov- hvad bør bliver lov? Kriminalisering og regulering i de nordiske velfærdsamfund. Scandinavian Research Council for Criminology, Aarhus, pp. 117-131, Scandinavian Research Council for Criminology (NSfK) Research Seminar, Stavern, Norway, 04/05/2015. <http://www.nsfk.org/Page/ID/542/Research-Seminar-Report-57>

Rasmussen, AM 2015, Self, Hope and the Unconditional: Kierkegaard on Faith and Hope. in S Liisberg, EO Pedersen & AL Dalsgård (eds), Anthropology and Philosophy: Dialogues on Trust and Hope. 1 edn, vol. 1, Berghahn Books, New York/Oxford, Anthropology & ..., no. 1, vol. Anthropology and Philosophy: Dialogues on Trust and Hope, pp. 227-242.

Tiidenberg, K & Gomez-Cruz, E 2015, 'Selfies, Image and the Re-making of the Body', Body & Society, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 77. https://doi.org/10.1177/1357034X15592465

Riber, CF , Smith, AAA & Zelikin, AN 2015, 'Self-Immolative Linkers Literally Bridge Disulfide Chemistry and the Realm of Thiol-Free Drugs', Advanced Healthcare Materials, vol. 4, no. 12, pp. 1887-1890. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201500344

Christensen, TD, Skjøth, F, Nielsen, PB, Maegaard-Nielsen, M , Grove, EL & Larsen, TB 2015, 'Self-Management of Anticoagulant Therapy in Mechanical Heart Valve Patients: A Matched Cohort Study', Annals of Thoracic Surgery, vol. 101, no. 4, pp. 1494-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.09.084

Esterle, L, Rinner, B & Lewis, PR 2015, 'Self-Organising Zooms for Decentralised Redundancy Management in Visual Sensor Networks', International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems, SASO, pp. 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1109/SASO.2015.12

Arnstad , ED, Nordal, E, Berntson, L, Aalto, K, Fasth, A, Herlin, T, Nielsen, S, Zak, M, Romundstad, PR & Rygg, M 2015, 'Self-reported pain 6 months after onset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis is related to pain score and disease outcome after 8 years.', Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 383.

Elnegaard, S, Andersen, RS , Pedersen, AF, Larsen, PV, Sondergaard, J, Rasmussen, S, Balasubramaniam, K, Svendsen, RP, Vedsted, P & Jarbol, DE 2015, 'Self-reported symptoms and healthcare seeking in the general population -exploring "The Symptom Iceberg"', BMC Public Health, vol. 15, 685. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2034-5

Sørensen, KE 2015, Selskabsstrukturer: Joint ventures, koncerner, grænseoverskridende mobilitet og omstruktureringer. Djøf Forlag, Kbh.

Møller, J 2015, 'Selvbevidste byer og borgere', Weekendavisen, vol. Ideer, pp. 12-13.

Hansen, BB , Ugilt, R , Jøker Bjerre, H , Porsgaard, K & Thykjær, S 2015, 'Selvfølgelig', Dagbladet Information.

Broström, S & Frøkjær, T 2015, 'Selvfølgelig kan børn lære af pædagoger: Kommentar til Dion Sommer', Information, pp. 19-19.

Møller, JF 2015, 'Selvopgør med visse mangler: Claus Bryld: Min besættelse. 50 års livtag med historie. Essays 1965-2015. Roskilde Universitetsforlag.', Kristeligt Dagblad, pp. 16.

Sørensen, AD 2015, Selvoverskridelsens terapi: eksistentiel-fænomenologisk psykoterapi og selvcentrering. in AD Sørensen & KD Keller (eds), Psykoterapi og eksistentiel fænomenologi. Aalborg Universitetsforlag, Aalborg, Skriftserie om eksistentiel fænomenologi, no. 3, pp. 119-151.

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