Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Thomsen, IK , Pedersen, BF , Kristensen, T , Petersen, SO , Eriksen, J & Hansen, EM 2019, 'Græs som virkemiddel i kvælstofreguleringen (Del 1)', No. 2019-760-001116, 19 p., Nov 20, 2019..

Abd El-Maksoud , AA , Anankanbil, S , Zhou, Y, H. Abd El-Ghany, I, S. El-Beltagi, H, Banerjee, C , Petersen, SV & Guo, Z 2019, 'Grafting phenolics onto milk protein via conjugated polymerization for delivery of multiple functionalities: Synthesis and characterization', Food Chemistry, vol. 301, 125298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125298

Olsen, Y , Begovic, T , Skjøth, CA , Rasmussen, K , Gosewinkel, U , Hertel, O & Sigsgaard, T 2019, 'Grain harvesting as a local source of Cladosporium spp. in Denmark', Aerobiologia, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 373-378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-018-09556-w

Matzen, N , Jørgensen, JR , Holst, N & Jørgensen, LN 2019, 'Grain quality in wheat - Impact of disease management', European Journal of Agronomy, vol. 103, pp. 152-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2018.12.007

Wallentin, M , Rocca, R & Stroustrup, S 2019, 'Grammar, Gender and Demonstratives in Lateralized Imagery for Sentences', Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 843-858. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-019-09634-1

Melander, MM, Kuisma, MJ, Christensen, TEK & Honkala, K 2019, 'Grand-canonical approach to density functional theory of electrocatalytic systems: Thermodynamics of solid-liquid interfaces at constant ion and electrode potentials', Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 150, no. 4, 041706. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5047829

Pop, M 2019 'Grand challenges in management and organization studies - a literature review'.

Winther, G , Eskelund, A , Richter, CB , Elfving, B , Müller, HK , Lund, S & Wegener, G 2019, 'Grandmaternal High-fat Diet Primed Anxiety-like Behaviour in the Second-Generation Female Offspring', Behavioural Brain Research, vol. 359, pp. 47-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2018.10.017

Skursch, O 2019, 'Granites and granophyres of the Bushveld Complex: Petrology, geochemistry and chronology'.

Carvajal-Arroyo, JM, Candry, P, Andersen, SJ, Props, R, Seviour, TW, Ganigue, R & Rabaey, K 2019, 'Granular fermentation enables high rate caproic acid production from solid-free thin stillage', Green Chemistry, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 1330-1339. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8GC03648A

Minuz, E & Bökstedt, M 2019 'Graph cohomologies and rational homotopy type of configuration spaces' ArXiv. <https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.01452>

Jakobsen, K 2019, 'Graphene-based Interaction Design for Constructive Play: Tangible Music-making Technologies for Children'.

Tabassian, R, Hiep Nguyen, V, Umrao, S, Mahato, M, Kim, J, Porfiri, M & Oh, I-K 2019, 'Graphene mesh for a new self-sensing ionic actuator inspired from mechanoreceptor in human body', Advanced Materials, vol. 6, no. 23, 1901711. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201901711

Bher, A, Uysal Ünalan, I, Auras, R, Rubino, M & Schvezov, CE 2019, 'Graphene modifies the biodegradation of poly(lactic acid)-thermoplastic cassava starch reactive blend films', Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 164, pp. 187-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.04.014

Kristensen, RK , Rasmussen, J & Eriksen, J 2019, Grass-clover yield and composition responses to mineral fertilizer N versus cattle slurry. in O Huguenin-Elie, B Studer, R Kölliker, D Reheul, M Probo, P Barre, U Feuerstein, I Roldan-Ruiz, P Mariotte & A Hopkins (eds), Improving sown grasslands through breeding and management: Proceedings of the Joint 20th Symposium of the European Grassland Federation and the 33rd Meeting of the EUCARPIA Section "Fodder Crops and Amenity Grasses", Zürich, Switzerland, 24-27 June 2019. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, pp. 91, Joint 20th Symposium of the European
Grassland Federation and the 33rd Meeting of the EUCARPIA
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Guldberg, M, Gratitude is Wine for the Soul, 2019, Pictures, Video and sound recordings (digital), KLANGHEIM RECORDS. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_mnxEfYzwaQ>

Møller, AH 2019, 'Gravhøjen åbnes: Fra rokoko-middelalderisme i Johann Elias Schlegels Canut til vikinge-romantik i Johannes Ewalds Rolf Krage', Passage, vol. 34, no. 81, pp. 121-135. <https://tidsskrift.dk/passage/article/download/114434/162995/>

Sejbaek, CS, Schlünssen, V, Bay, H, Juhl, M, Pedersen, J, Larsen, AD, Begtrup, LM, Nybo Andersen, A-M, Ramlau-Hansen, C, Kristensen, P, Bonde, JPE & Hougaard, KS 2019, 'Gravide kvinders arbejdsmiljø kan påvirke barnets vækst samt kvindens fravær under graviditeten', Miljø og sundhed, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 33-35.

Møller, AT & Andersen, LLT 2019, 'Graviditetsrelaterede neurologiske symptomer uden forud erkendt neurologisk sygdom', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 181, V05180347.

Vaarst, M 2019, 'GrazyDaiSy'.

Ashall, C, Mazzali, PA, Pian, E, Woosley, SE, Palazzi, E, Prentice, SJ, Kobayashi, S, Holmbo, S, Levan, A, Perley, D, Stritzinger, MD, Bufano, F, Filippenko, AV, Melandri, A, Oates, S, Rossi, A, Selsing, J, Zheng, W, Castro-Tirado, AJ, Chincarini, G, D'avanzo, P, De Pasquale, M, Emery, S, Fruchter, AS, Hurley, K, Moller, P, Nomoto, K, Tanaka, M & Valeev, AF 2019, 'GRB 161219B/SN 2016jca: a powerful stellar collapse', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 487, no. 4, pp. 5824-5839. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1588

Lundgren, JR, Færch, K, Witte, DR, Jonsson, AE, Pedersen, O, Hansen, T, Lauritzen, T, Holst, JJ, Vistisen, D, Jørgensen, ME, Torekov, SS & Johansen, NB 2019, 'Greater glucagon-like peptide-1 responses to oral glucose are associated with lower central and peripheral blood pressures', Cardiovascular Diabetology, vol. 18, no. 1, 130. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-019-0937-7

Kragbæk Damborg, V 2019, 'Green biorefinery - characterisation and utilisation of the pulp fraction from extraction of green protein from grassland plants'.

Larsen, SU, Jørgensen, H, Bukh, C & Schjoerring, JK 2019, 'Green biorefining: Effect of nitrogen fertilization on protein yield, protein extractability and amino acid composition of tall fescue biomass', Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 130, pp. 642-652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.01.016

Miola, M 2019, 'Green Carbon-based Nanomaterials for CO2 Electroreduction'.

Franza, A, M. Marshall, A & Zhou, B 2019, 'Greenfield tunnelling in sands: the effects of soil density and relative depth', Geotechnique, vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 297-307. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.17.P.091

Peacock, M, Audet, J, Jordan, S, Smeds, J & Wallin, MB 2019, 'Greenhouse gas emissions from urban ponds are driven by nutrient status and hydrology', Ecosphere, vol. 10, no. 3, 02643. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2643

Persson, CM, Csizmadia, S, Mustill, AJ, Fridlund, M, Hatzes, AP, Nowak, G, Georgieva, I, Gandolfi, D, Davies, MB, Livingston, JH, Palle, E, Montanes Rodriguez, P, Endl, M, Hirano, T, Prieto-Arranz, J, Korth, J, Grziwa, S, Esposito, M, Albrecht, S, Johnson, MC, Barragan, O, Parviainen, H, Van Eylen, V, Alonso Sobrino, R, Beck, PG, Cabrera, J, Carleo, I, Cochran, WD, Dai, F, Deeg, HJ, de Leon, JP, Eigmueller, P, Erikson, A, Fukui, A, Gonzalez-Cuesta, L, Guenther, EW, Hidalgo, D, Hjorth, M, Kabath, P, Knudstrup, E, Kusakabe, N, Lam, KWF, Lund, MN, Luque, R, Mathur, S, Murgas, F, Narita, N, Nespral, D, Niraula, P, Olofsson, AOH, Paetzold, M, Rauer, H, Redfield, S, Ribas, I, Skarka, M, Smith, AMS, Subjak, J & Tamura, M 2019, 'Greening of the brown-dwarf desert EPIC 212036875b: a 51 M-J object in a 5-day orbit around an F7V star', Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A), vol. 628, 64. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935505

Lehmann, JO , Greve, MH , Kristensen, T , Mikkelsen, MH , Olesen, JE & Aastrup, P 2019, 'Greenlandic agriculture facing climate change: Challenges and prospects', 10th Circumpolar Agriculture Conference, Rovaniemi, Finland, 13/03/2019 - 15/03/2019.

Haugaard Rasmussen, IM , Bonefeld-Jørgensen, EC & Long, M 2019, 'Greenlandic women´s lifestyle and diet during pregnancy and child risk for asthma, eczema and allergy: an ACCEPT-substudy', International Journal of Circumpolar Health, vol. 78, no. 1, 1682421. https://doi.org/10.1080/22423982.2019.1682421

Lamarche-Gagnon, G, Wadham, JL, Sherwood Lollar, B, Arndt, S, Fietzek, P, Beaton, AD, Tedstone, AJ, Telling, J, Bagshaw, EA, Hawkings, JR, Kohler, TJ, Zarsky, JD, Mowlem, MC, Anesio, AM & Stibal, M 2019, 'Greenland melt drives continuous export of methane from the ice-sheet bed', Nature, vol. 565, no. 7737, pp. 73-77. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0800-0

Nielsen, J, Christiansen, JS , Grønkjær, P, Bushnell, P, Steffensen, JF, Kiilerich, HO, Præbel, K & Hedeholm, R 2019, 'Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) stomach contents and stable isotope values reveal an ontogenetic dietary shift', Frontiers in Marine Science, vol. 6, 125. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00125

Therkildsen, M , Rasmussen, MK , Jensen, JA , Andersen, ES , Møller, HS, Jensen, SK & Stødkilde-Jørgensen, L 2019, 'GreenPork: Kan det ses og smages, når slagtesvin fodres med græsprotein?', Food Festival, Aarhus, Denmark, 06/09/2019 - 08/09/2019.

Therkildsen, M , Rasmussen, MK , Jensen, JA , Jensen, SK & Stødkilde-Jørgensen, L 2019, 'GreenPork - impact of grass-protein to slaughter pigs on final meat', ICoMST 2019 65th International Congress of Meat Science and Technology, Potsdam, Germany, 04/08/2019 - 09/08/2019.

Markushyna, Y, Lamagni, P, Teutloff, C, Catalano, J , Lock, N, Zhang, G, Antonietti, M & Savateev, A 2019, 'Green radicals of potassium poly(heptazine imide) using light and benzylamine', Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 7, no. 43, pp. 24771-24775. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta09500d

Petersen, KK 2019, 'Greenresilient - Innovation og robust produktion i lavenergivæksthuse', Food Festival 2019, Aarhus, Denmark, 06/09/2019 - 08/09/2019.

Søndergaard, J , Hansson, ASV , Mosbech, A & Bach, L 2019, 'Green sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) as potential biomonitors of metal pollution near a former lead-zinc mine in West Greenland', Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 191, no. 9, 538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7637-3

Staunæs, D 2019, 'Green with envy': affects and gut feelings as an affirmative, immanent, and trans-corporeal critique of new motivational data visualizations. in D Staunæs, K Brøgger & JB Krejsler (eds), Performative approaches to education reforms : exploring intended and unintended effects of reforms morphing as they move. Routledge, London, pp. 65-77.

Weber, RWS & Hahn, M 2019, 'Grey mould disease of strawberry in northern Germany: causal agents, fungicide resistance and management strategies', Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol. 103, no. 4, pp. 1589-1597. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-09590-1

Kallestrup, H , Henriksen, LD , Baattrup-Pedersen, A , Riis, T , Alnøe, AB & Rasmussen, J 2019, 'Grødeskæring i danske vandløb: Metoder og effekter', Ferskvandssymposium, Odense, Denmark, 28/01/2019 - 29/01/2019 pp. 1.

Brimnes, N 2019, 'Grønland og den kolonihistoriske analyse', TEMP. Tidsskrift for historie, vol. 10, no. 19, pp. 206-212. <https://tidsskrift.dk/temp/article/view/118089>

Wendel-Hansen, J 2019, Grønlands Amt 1953. 100 Danmarkshistorier, Aarhus Universitetsforlag.

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Nørnberg Andersen, L, Lydom Kristensen, J, Norup, L, Pallesen, I & Tornbjerg, C 2019, 'Grønlandsk Noir: Arctic Noir', Dansk Noter, no. 1, pp. 46-48.

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Vollenbrock, SE, Nowee, ME, Voncken, FEM, Kotte, ANTJ, Goense, L, van Rossum, PSN, van Lier, ALHMW, Heijmink, SW, Bartels-Rutten, A, Wessels, FJ, Aleman, BMP, Dewit, L, Kerkmeijer, LGW, Jansen, EPM, Intven, M, Lips, IM, Meijer, GJ & Nijkamp, J 2019, 'Gross Tumor Delineation in Esophageal Cancer on MRI Compared With 18F-FDG-PET/CT', Radiation Oncology, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 596-604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adro.2019.04.004

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1982

Revised 08.12.2025

Lise Refstrup Linnebjerg Pedersen