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Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Bøss, M 2003, 'De Valera Remembering: Composing a Life, Narrating a Nation', Paper presented at Representation and Responsibility, 10-12. december, Braga, Portugal, 17/12/2010.
Petrucci, L, Billington, J, Kristensen, LM & Qureshi, ZH 2003, Developing a Formal Specification for the Mission Systems of a Maritime Surveillance Aircraft. in Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design. IEEE Computer Society Press, pp. 92-101, ACSD'03, 18.-20. juni 2003, Guimaraes, Portugal, Guimarlies, Portugal, 18/06/2003.
Hegelund, L, Sørensen, JT & Johansen, NF 2003, 'Developing a welfare assessment system for use in commercial organic egg production', Proc. 2nd Int. Workshop on the Assessment of Animal Welfare at Farm and Group Level. Anim. Welfare, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 649-654.
Blomhøj, M & Jensen, TH 2003, 'Developing mathematical modelling competence: conceptual clarification and educational planning', Teaching Mathematics and Its Applications, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 123-139.
Merrison, J, Charlton, M, Aggerholm, P, Knudsen, H, van der Werf, DP, Clarke, J & Poulsen, MR 2003, 'Development and application of time-bunched and velocity-selected positron beams', Rev. Sci. Instr., no. 74, pp. 3284.
Merrison, JP, Charlton, M, Aggerholm, P, Knudsen, H, van der Werf, DP, Clarke, J & Poulsen, MR 2003, 'Development and applications of time-bunched and velocity selected positron beams', Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 74, pp. 3284.
Alcamo, J, Döll, P, Henrichs, T, Kaspar, F, Lehner, B, Rösch, T & Siebert, S 2003, 'Development and testing of the WaterGAP2 global model of water use and availability', Hydrological Sciences Journal, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 317-337. <http://www.extenza-eps.com/IAHS/toc/hysj/48/3>
Andersen, M, Hagen, C, Frystyk, J, Schroeder, HD & Hagen, C 2003, 'Development of acromegaly in patients with prolactinomas', European Journal of Endocrinology, vol. 149, no. 1, pp. 17-22.
Petkevicius, S, Murrell, DK & Larsen, T 2003, 'Development of a low-zinc pig model for immunological investigations', Veterinarija ir Zootechnika, vol. 23, no. 45, pp. 19-22.
Hertel, O, Loft, S, Raaschou-Nielsen, O, Jensen, SS, Andersen, HV, Skov, H, Berkowicz, R, Palmgren, F, Wåhlin, P, Hvidberg, M, Autrup, H, Dragsted, L & Schneider, T (ed.) 2003, Development of an air pollution model for traffic emission - Biomarkers and Air samplers for Assessment of Exposure and Effects of Urban Air Pollution - BIOAIRPEX. in T Schneider (ed.), Centre for the Environment and Respiratory System: Final report. National Institute of Occupational Health, pp. 10-12.
Plauborg, FL, Grant, R & Ullum, M 2003, Development of an automated sampling technique for estimation of pesticides concentrations in drainage flow. in Proceedings of the XII Symposium Pesticide Chemistry Pesticide in air, plant, soil & water system. pp. 789-800, Development of an automated sampling technique for estimation of pesticides concentrations in drainage flow, Piacenza, Italy, 18/12/2010.
Bekkering, GE, Engers, AJ, Wensing, M, Hendriks, HJM, van Tulder, MW, Oostendorp, RAB & Bouter, LM 2003, 'Development of an implementation strategy for physiotherapy guidelines on low back pain', Australian journal of physiotherapy, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 208-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0004-9514(14)60240-3
Keramas, G, Bang, DD, Lund, M, Rørbæk Madsen, M, Rasmussen, SE, Bunkenborg, H, Telleman, P & Christensen, C 2003, 'Development of a sensitive DNA microarray suitable for rapid detection of Campylobacter spp', Molecular and Cellular Probes, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 187-96.
Hermansen, JE, Moustsen, VA & Andersen, BH 2003, Development of organic pic production systems. in J Wiseman, MA Varley & B Kemp (eds), Perspectives in pig science. Nottingham University Press, pp. 97-110, Development of organic pic production systems, 18/12/2010.
Krath, BN, Constantin, GD, Lund, OS & Johansen, IE 2003, Development of Pea early browning virus as a silencing vector for Pisum sativum. in Proc. EMBO workshop Genomic Approaches in Plant Virology. pp. 66, EMBO workshop Genomic Approaches in Plant Virology, Keszthely, Hungary, 28/05/2003.
Lübberstedt, T & Holm, PB 2003, Development of ryegras allele-specific (GRASP) markers for sustainable grassland improvement - a new EU framework V project. in Proc. 25th EUCARPIA fodder crops and amenity grasses section meeting. <Forlag uden navn>, pp. 101, EUCARPIA fodder crops and amenity grasses section meeting, Brno, Czech Republic, 01/09/2003.
Lübberstedt, T, Jensen, LFB & Holm, PB 2003, Development of ryegrass allele-specific (GRASP) markers for sustainable grassland improvement - a new EU framework V project. in Molecular Breeding of forage and Turf. pp. Abstract 91, International Symposium on Molecular Breeding of forage and Turf, Dallas, Texas, United States, 18/05/2003. <https://www.register-for.com/mbft/AbstractView.Asp?AbstractId=Abstract2a91>
Bregnballe, T, Engström, H, Knief, W, van Eerden, MRT, van Rijn, S, Kieckbusch, JJ & Eskildsen, J 2003, 'Development of the Breeding Population of Great Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis in The Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, and Sweden during the 1990s', Vogelwelt, vol. 124, no. suppl., pp. 15-26.
Bøtter-Jensen, L, Andersen, CE, Duller, GAT & Murray, AS 2003, 'Developments in irradiation, stimulation and observation facilities in luminescence measurements', Radiation Measurements, vol. 37, pp. 535-541.
Dalgaard, T & Kyllingsbæk, A 2003, Developments in the nitrogen surplus and the fossil energy use in Danish Agriculture during the 20th century. in JL Usó, BC Patten & CA Brebbia (eds), Advances in Ecological Sciences. vol. 18, WIT Press, pp. 669-678.
Holst, J 2003, Development tendencies in social work. in Socialt arbejde. 1 edn, DAMOST (Det dansk- mongolske socialpædagogiske uddannelsescenter), Ulaanbaater, mongoliet.
Hermansen, K & Hessov, I (ed.) 2003, Diabetesdiæt. in Klinisk ernæring, 4. udgave. Handelshøjskolens Forlag, København, pp. 210-227.
Bek, T 2003, 'Diabetisk retinopati ved type 2 diabetes', Læge Helse, no. 11, pp. 13-14.
Thrane, H 2003, Diachronic Settlement Studies in the South Scandinavian Lowland Zone - and the Danish Experience. in H Thrane (ed.), Diachronic Settlement Studies in the Metal Ages. Aarhus, pp. 13-27.
Msiska, ACM, Chagunda, M, Tchale, H, Banda, JW & Wollny, CBA 2003, Diagnosis and design of smallholder dairy recording in Malawi (C5.8). in Book of Abstracts of the 54th Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production. pp. 297-297, Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production, Rome, Italy, 18/12/2010.
Møller, JM & Krarup, HB 2003, 'Diagnosis of Acute Hepatitis C: anti-HCV or HCV-RNA?', Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 556-558.
Jørgensen, E, Höhle, M & Højsgaard, S 2003, Diagnostic testing: Model estimation and decision support using graphical models. in Proc. 4th EFITA. pp. 760-767, EFITA, Debrecen-Budapest, Hungary, 05/07/2003.
Nielsen-Kudsk, JE 2003, 'Diagnostik af hjerteinsufficiens', Månedskrift for Praktisk Lægegerning, no. 2, pp. 233-243.
Hvas, A-M, Ellegaard, J & Nexø, E 2003, 'Diagnostik af vitamin B12 mangel - tid til eftertanke', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 19, no. 165, pp. 1971-1976.
Hvas, A-M, Ellegaard, J & Nexø, E 2003, 'Diagnostik af vitamin B12-mangel - tid til eftertanke', Ugeskrift for Læger, pp. 166-42.
Dahl, B 2003, Dialogcafeen. in In, Utvikling av matematikkundervisning i samspill mellom praksis og forskning, Preceding, Nordic Conference: Mathematics Education, 18-19 November 2002. Series: Norwegian Center for Mathematics Education, Trondheim, NTNU; No 1.. NTNU-Trykk, pp. 229-230, Dialogcafeen, Norway, 17/12/2010.
Andresen, BB 2003, Dialogens vilkår i skolen med og uden mure. I: En håndbog til brug ved pædagogisk begrundede valg om brug af netdialog i skolen. in Skolen I Tiden: Væsentlige elementer i en it-skoleudvikling. 2. rev. udgave edn, Kroghs Forlag, Vejle.
Bogantes, C 2003, Diálogos Latinoamericanos. 7 edn, Center for Latinamerikastudier, Aarhus Universitet.
Bogantes, C 2003, Diálogos Latinoamericanos. 8 edn, Center for Latinamerikastudier, Aarhus Universitet.
Martins, C 2003, Diálogos Latinoamericanos. 7 edn, Center for Latinamerikastudier, Aarhus Universitet.
Martins, C 2003, Diálogos Latinoamericanos. 8 edn, Center for Latinamerikastudier, Aarhus Universitet.
Nielsen, VL 2003, Dialogue, Differential Treatment and Public Regulation: Why the very Character of Social Interaction is Important. in Ikke angivet. Department of Political Science, University of Aarhus, the 2003 Annual Meeting of the Law and Society Association (LSA), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, June 5-8, 2003, 17/12/2010.