Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Thorsen, JE 2015, Trends in Global Catholicism: The Refractions and Transformations of a World Church. in S Hunt (ed.), Handbook of Global Contemporary Christianity: Themes and Developments in Culture, Politics, and Society. Brill, Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion, vol. 10, pp. 29-48. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004291027_003

Munk, MD 2015, 'Trends in Intergenerational Income Mobility in Denmark', Paper presented at EPRU SEMINAR: Trends in Intergenerational Income Mobility in Denmark, 17/04/2015 - 17/04/2015.

Mo, X, Liu, S, Lin, Z, Wang, S & Hu, S 2015, 'Trends in land surface evapotranspiration across China with remotely sensed NDVI and climatological data for 1981–2010', Hydrological Sciences Journal, vol. 60, no. 12, pp. 2163-2177. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2014.950579

Søgaard, M , Thomsen, RW, Bang, RB, Schønheyder, HC & Nørgaard, M 2015, 'Trends in length of stay, mortality and readmission among patients with community-acquired bacteraemia', Clinical Microbiology and Infection, vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 789.e1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2015.05.018

Vergeynst, L, Van Langenhove, H & Demeestere, K 2015, 'Trends in liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry for multi-residue analysis of organic micropollutants in aquatic environments', TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry, vol. 67, no. 0, pp. 192-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2015.01.010

Holstiege, J, Enders, D, Schink, T, Innocenti, F, Oteri, A, Bezemer, I, Kaguelidou, F, Molokhia, M, Poluzzi, E, Puccini, A, Ulrichsen, SP, Sturkenboom, MC, Trifirò, G & Garbe, E 2015, 'Trends in paediatric macrolide use in five European countries - A population-based study', European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, vol. 71, no. 8, pp. 991-999. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-015-1870-7

Zujevs, A, Osadcuks, V & Ahrendt, P 2015, 'Trends in Robotic Sensor Technologies for Fruit Harvesting: 2010-2015', Procedia Computer Science, vol. 77, pp. 227-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.12.378

Møller, M, Kristiansen, IS, Beisland, C, Rørvik, J & Støvring, H 2015, 'Trends in stage-specific incidence of prostate cancer in Norway, 1980-2010: A population-based study', B J U International (Online), vol. 118, no. 4, pp. 547-555. https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.13364

Jepsen, LH , Ley, MB, Černý, R, Lee, Y-S, Cho, YW, Ravnsbæk, D , Besenbacher, F , Skibsted, J & Jensen, TR 2015, 'Trends in Syntheses, Structures, and Properties for Three Series of Ammine Rare-Earth Metal Borohydrides, M(BH₄)₃·nNH₃ (M = Y, Gd, and Dy)', Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 54, no. 15, pp. 7402-7414. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00951

Sarauw, LL, Christiansen, NFV, Harboe, T, Horst, S & Krogh, L 2015, Trends in the development of the Danish universities. in L Rienecker, P Stray Jørgensen , J Dolin & G Holten Ingerslev (eds), University teaching and learning . 1. edn, Samfundslitteratur, Frederiksberg, pp. 15-41.

Van Naarden Braun, K, Christensen, D, Doernberg, N, Schieve, L, Rice, C, Wiggins, L, Schendel, D & Yeargin-Allsopp, M 2015, 'Trends in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, hearing loss, intellectual disability, and vision impairment, metropolitan atlanta, 1991-2010', PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. e0124120. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124120

Bjørklund, L, Horsdal, HT , Mors, O , Østergaard, SD & Gasse, C 2015, 'Trends in the psychopharmacological treatment of bipolar disorder: a nationwide register-based study', Acta Neuropsychiatrica, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2015.52

Koffijberg, K, Laursen, K, Hälterlein, B, Reichert, G, Frikke, J & Soldat, L 2015, Trends of Breeding Birds in the Wadden Sea 1991-2013. in Wadden Sea Ecosystem. vol. 35, Wilhelmshaven, pp. 1-50.

Blew, J, Günther, K, Hälterlein, B, Kleefstra, R, Laursen, K & Scheiffarth, G 2015, Trends of Migratory and Wintering Waterbirds in the Wadden Sea 1987/1988-2011/2012. Wadden Sea Ecosystem, vol. 34, vol. 34, Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Tyskland.

Madsen, HB, Schmidt, HT, Bygebjerg, R & Rasmussen, C 2015, 'Tre nye arter af bier for den danske fauna (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)', Entomologiske Meddelelser, vol. 83, pp. 21-29.

Sedgwick, M 2015, Tres generaciones de tradicionalistas argentinos. in B Nante & L Pinkler (eds), Gnosis y tradiciones sagradas: Ensayos y epistolario en torno de la obra de Francisco García Bazán. El hilo de Ariadna, Buenos Aires, pp. 238-44.

Borre, O 2015, Tre slags konservatisme. in M Järvinen & E Nørregård-Nielsen (eds), Værdier, videnskab og visioner: Festskrift til Peter Gundelach. Djøf Forlag, pp. 69-84.

Willendrup, PK, Jørgensen, MRV, Lefmann, K & Haldrup, K 2015, 'Tre tigerspring for materialeforskningen', Aktuel Naturvidenskab, no. 1, pp. 8-13. <http://aktuelnaturvidenskab.dk/fileadmin/Aktuel_Naturvidenskab/nr-1/AN1-2015tretiger_intro.pdf>

Jørgensen, P & Kato, K 2015, 'Triangulated subcategories of extensions, stable t-structures, and triangles of recollements', Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra, vol. 219, no. 12, pp. 5500-5510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpaa.2015.05.029

Jørgensen, LN , Kristensen, M & Mathiassen, SK 2015, 'Triazoler virker dårligere og dårligere mod Septoria', Mark, no. 4, pp. 44-45. <http://www.landbrugsmedierne.dk/Magasiner/Mark/Mark.htm>

Stappert, K & Mudring, AV 2015, 'Triazolium based ionic liquid crystals: effect of asymmetric substitution', RSC Advances, vol. 5, no. 22, pp. 16886-16896. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra14961k

Johansen, I 2015, Tricksters in Philosophy and Fiction: : From William Blake to the Postmodern Age. in M Bleinert-Coyle, M Choiński & Z Mazur (eds), Beyond Words: Crossing Borders in English Studies. vol. 1, Tertium, Krakow, pp. 201-16.

Meinert, L 2015, Tricky Trust: Distrust as a Point of Departure and Trust as a Social Achievement in Uganda. in S Liisberg, E Oluffa Pedersen & AL Dalsgaard (eds), Anthropology & Philosophy: Dialogues on Trust and Hope. 1 edn, Berghahn Books, Anthropology & ..., vol. 4, pp. 118-133.

Bester, K, Chen, X & El-taliawy, H 2015, 'Triclosan emissions and transformations through wastewater treatment plants', Norman workshop on Environmental Monitoring of Biocides In Europe, Berlin, Germany, 25/06/2015 - 26/06/2015.

Jensen, PM 2015, 'Trine Syvertsen, Gunn Enli, Ole J. Mjøs and Hallvard Moe. The Media Welfare State: Nordic Media in the Digital Age. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. 2014.', MedieKultur: Journal of media and communication research, vol. 31, no. 59. <http://ojs.statsbiblioteket.dk/index.php/mediekultur/article/view/21770/20299>

Chattopadhyay, S, Mani, BK & Angom, D 2015, 'Triple excitations in perturbed relativistic coupled-cluster theory and electric dipole polarizability of group-IIB elements', Physical Review A, vol. 91, no. 5, 052504. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.91.052504

Laurberg, P , Berman, DC , Carlé, A & et al. 2015, 'Triple Therapy (Glucocorticoid + Ciclosporin + Orbital Irradiation) for Diplopia (DIP) of Moderate-to-Severe Graves' Orbitopathy (msGO). A Prospective Follow-up Study', 15th International Thyroid Congress, Lake Buena Vista, Florida, United States, 18/10/2015 - 23/10/2015.

Scholz, NB, Bolund, L , Nyegaard, M, Faaborg, L, Jørgensen, MW , Lund, H , Niemann, I & Sunde, L 2015, 'Triploidy-Observations in 154 Diandric Cases', PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 11, pp. e0142545. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142545

Wistoft, K, Trivselsgrupper i Silkeborg: selvværd, trivsel og robusthed, 2015, Pictures, Video and sound recordings (digital), YouTube. <https://youtu.be/xcoZjh78gwM>

Knoop, HH 2015, 'Trivselsmåling i skolen', Folkeskolen.

Lodberg, P 2015, Tro. Tænkepauser - viden til hverdagen, vol. 34, Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Aarhus.

Petersen, ME , Maar, M & Juel Hansen, P 2015, 'Trofiske kaskadeeffekter fra top-down og bottom-up forcering på lavere trofiske niveauer i Kattegat evalueret ved modellering', 18. Danske Havforskermøde, Copenhagen, Denmark, 28/01/2015 - 30/01/2015. <http://havforsk2015.geus.dk/index.shtml>

Thykjær, S, Hansen, BB , Ugilt, R , Jøker Bjerre, H & Porsgaard, K 2015, 'Tro og terror', Dagbladet Information.

Blanda, E, Drillet, G, Huang, C-C, Hwang, J-S, Jakobsen, H, Rayner, TA, Su, H-M, Wu, C-H & Hansen, BW 2015, 'Trophic interactions and productivity of copepods as live feed from tropical Taiwanese outdoor aquaculture ponds', Aquaculture, vol. 445, pp. 11-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.04.003

Pekár, S & Toft, S 2015, 'Trophic specialisation in a predatory group: The case of prey-specialised spiders (Araneae)', Biological Reviews, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 744-761. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12133

Carvacho, I & Lykke-Hartmann, K 2015, 'TRP channels function during fertilization', Ion channels in the Valley, Valle del Elqui, Chile, 08/04/2015 - 10/04/2015.

Carvacho, I, Lee, HC, Fissore, RA & Lykke-Hartmann, K 2015, 'TRP channels function is tightly regulated during early embryo development', Scandinavian Physiological Society Conference, Aarhus, Denmark, 18/09/2015 - 20/09/2015.

Dinesen, PT & Sønderskov, KM 2015, Truer etnisk diversitet i nabolaget danskernes tillid til andre mennesker? in C Jensen (ed.), Politologisk årbog 2014-2015. Hans Reitzels Forlag, København, pp. 98-101.

Jensen, P, Ladefoged, CH, Søgård, M & Obwegeser, N 2015, Trust and control in complex information systems development. in S Wrycza (ed.), Information Systems: Development, Applications, Education: 8th SIGSAND/PLAIS EuroSymposium 2015, Gdansk, Poland, September 25, 2015, Proceedings. vol. 232, Springer, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing , pp. 32-44, EuroSymposium 2015, Gdansk, Poland, 25/09/2015. <http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-24366-5_3#page-1>

Liisberg, S 2015, Trust as the Life Magic of Self-Deception: A Philosophical-Psychological Investigation into Tolerance of Ambiguity. in S Liisberg, EO Pedersen & AL Dalsgård (eds), Anthropology & Philosophy: Dialogues on Trust and Hope. Berghahn Books, Oxford, Anthropology & ..., vol. 4, pp. 158-175. <http://www.berghahnbooks.com/title.php?rowtag=LiisbergAnthropology>

Bubandt, NO 2015, Trust in an Age of Inauthenticity: Power and Indonesian Modernity. in S Lisbjerg, E Oluffa & AL Dalsgaard (eds), Anthropology and Philosophy: Dialogues on Trust and Hope. Berghahn Books, Anthropology & ..., vol. 4, pp. 141-157.

Jørgensen, D, Chiurazzi, G & Tinning, S (eds) 2015, Truth and Experience: Between Phenomenology and Hermeneutics. Cambridge Scholars Press.

Møller, JF 2015, 'Trykkefriheden møder nye udfordringer', Kristeligt Dagblad, pp. 3.

Veen, C, Myint, AM, Burgerhout, KM, Schwarz, MJ, Schütze, G, Kushner, SA, Hoogendijk, WJ, Drexhage, HA & Bergink, V 2015, 'Tryptophan pathway alterations in the postpartum period and in acute postpartum psychosis and depression', Journal of Affective Disorders, vol. 189, no. 1, pp. 298-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.064

Torres-Pitarch, A, Nielsen, B, Canibe, N , Jensen, BB, Derkx, P, Cantor, MD, Blaabjerg, K , Poulsen, HD & Nørgaard, JV 2015, 'Tryptophan provision by dietary supplementation of a Bacillus subtilis mutant strain in piglets', Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 107-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/09064702.2015.1131326

Öğretmen, N, Cosentino, D, Gliozzi, E, Cipollari, P, Iadanza, A & Yildirim, C 2015, 'Tsunami hazard in the Eastern Mediterranean: geological evidence from the Anatolian coastal area (Silifke, southern Turkey)', Natural Hazards, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1569-1589. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-1916-2

Rudolf, F & Wejse, C 2015, 'Tuberculosis case detection revisited: better testing might not improve outcomes', The Lancet Global Health, vol. 3, no. 8, pp. e424-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00029-7

Wejse, C 2015, 'Tuberculosis elimination in the post Millennium Development Goals era', International Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol. 32, pp. 152-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.11.020

Ballif, M, Renner, L, Claude Dusingize, J, Leroy, V, Ayaya, S, Wools-Kaloustian, K, Cortes, CP, McGowan, CC, Graber, C, Mandalakas, AM, Mofenson, LM, Egger, M, Kumara Wati, KD, Nallusamy, R, Reubenson, G, Davies, M-A, Fenner, L & International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) (Christian Wejse, member) 2015, 'Tuberculosis in Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy Programs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Diagnosis and Screening Practices', The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 30-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piu020

Nissen, UB 2015, 'Tudvad om Bonhoeffer: Både biografi og teologi', Praesteforeningens Blad, vol. 105, no. 4, pp. 63-65.

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Lise Refstrup Linnebjerg Pedersen