Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Porporatti, AL, Costa, YM, Stuginski-Barbosa, J, Bonjardim, LR, Conti, PCR & Svensson, P 2015, 'Quantitative methods for somatosensory evaluation in atypical odontalgia', Brazilian Oral Research, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2015.vol29.0020

Hoff, C, Balche, A, Majgaard, J, Tolbod, LP , Harms, H , Bouchelouche, K , Sørensen, J , Frøkiær, J & Gormsen, LC 2015, 'Quantitative perfusion parameters in a cohort of patients with no known ischemic heart disease and normal myocardial perfusion imaging studied by 82Rb-PET', International Conference of Nuclear Cardiology and Cardiac CT, Madrid, Spain, 03/05/2015 - 05/05/2015.

Preil, SAR, Kristensen, LP , Beck, HC , Jensen, PS , Nielsen, PS , Steiniche, T, Bjørling-Poulsen, M, Larsen, MR , Hansen, ML & Rasmussen, LM 2015, 'Quantitative Proteome Analysis Reveals Increased Content of Basement Membrane Proteins in Arteries From Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Lower Levels Among Metformin Users', Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 727-35. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.115.001165

Collado-Romero, M, Aguilar, C, Arce, C, Lucena, C, Codrea, MC, Morera, L, Bendixen, E, Moreno, A & Garrido, JJ 2015, 'Quantitative proteomics and bioinformatic analysis provide new insight into the dynamic response of porcine intestine to Salmonella Typhimurium', Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, vol. 5, 64. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2015.00064

Stender, J, Kupers, R, Rodell, A, Thibaut, A, Chatelle, C, Bruno, M-A, Gejl, M, Bernard, C, Hustinx, R, Laureys, S & Gjedde, A 2015, 'Quantitative rates of brain glucose metabolism distinguish minimally conscious from vegetative state patients', Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 58-65. https://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2014.169

Hyun Kim, J, Boudjadar, J, Nyman, UM, Mikucionis, M, G. Larsen, K, Skou, A, Lee, I & Thi Xuan Phan, L 2015, Quantitative Schedulability Analysis of Continuous Probability Tasks in a Hierarchical Context. in Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE), 2015 18th International ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on. IEEE, pp. 91-100, The 18th International ACM Sigsoft Symposium on Component-Based Software Engineering, Montreal, Canada, 04/05/2015. https://doi.org/10.1145/2737166.2737170 .

Hildebrandt, L , Preus, S & Birkedal, V 2015, 'Quantitative single molecule FRET efficiency using TIRF microscopy', Faraday Discussions, vol. 184, pp. 131-142. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5fd00100e

Xiao, R, Ye, T, Wei, Z , Luo, S, Yang, Z & Spinney, R 2015, 'Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) for the Oxidation of Trace Organic Contaminants by Sulfate Radical', Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 49, no. 22, pp. 13394-13402. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03078, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03078

Lengard Almli, V, Steenbekkers, B, Rohmann, H, Normann, A, Aschemann-Witzel, J & Oostindjer, M 2015, 'Quantitative tools and tangible tasks in focus group sessions: Application on food waste discussions in five European countries', Paper presented at Norwegian Food Market Research Conference, Ås, Norway, 04/11/2015 - 05/11/2015.

Foito, A, Hackett, CA, Byrne, SL, Stewart, D & Barth, S 2015, 'Quantitative trait loci analysis to study the genetic regulation of non-polar metabolites in perennial ryegrass', Metabolomics, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 412-424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-014-0703-5

Brøndum, RF , Su, G , Janss, L , Sahana, G , Guldbrandtsen, B, Boichard, DA & Lund, MS 2015, 'Quantitative trait loci markers derived from whole genome sequence data increases the reliability of genomic prediction', Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 98, no. 6, pp. 4107-4116. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-9005

Salami Dehkharghani, A , Volosniev, AG & Zinner, NT 2015, 'Quantum Impurity in a One-dimensional Trapped Bose Gas', Physical Review A, vol. 92, no. 3, 031601(R). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.92.031601

Morton, JJL & Mølmer, K 2015, 'Quantum information: Spin memories in for the long haul', Nature, vol. 517, pp. 153–154. https://doi.org/10.1038/517153a

Salami Dehkharghani, A , Volosniev, AG, Lindgren, EJ, Rotureau, J, Forssén, C, Fedorov, DV , Jensen, AS & Zinner, NT 2015, 'Quantum magnetism in strongly interacting one-dimensional spinor Bose systems', Scientific Reports, vol. 5, 10675. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep10675

Orrit, M, Evans, G, Cordes, T, Kratochvilova, I, Moerner, W, Needham, L-M, Sekatskii, S, Vainer, Y, Faez, S, Vedral, V, Goswami, H, Clark, A, Meixner, A, Piatkowski, L, Birkedal, V, Sandoghar, V, Skinner, G, Langbein, W, Du, J, Koberling, F, Michaelis, J, Shi, F, Taylor, R, Chowdhury, A, Lounis, B, van Hulst, N, El-Khoury, P, Novotny, L, Wrachtrup, J, Farrow, T, Naumov, A, Gladush, M & Hanson, R 2015, 'Quantum optics, molecular spectroscopy and low-temperature spectroscopy: general discussion', Faraday Discussions, vol. 184, pp. 275-303. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5FD90088C

Drewsen, M 2015, 'Quantum state preparation of polar molecular ions: Towards quantum logic and spectroscopy', American Physical Society. Bulletin, vol. 60, no. 1.

Wistisen, TN 2015, 'Quantum synchrotron radiation in the case of a field with finite extension', Physical Review D, vol. 92, no. 045045, 045045.

Kurizki, G, Bertet, P, Kubo, Y, Mølmer, K , Petrosyan, D, Rabl, P & Schmiedmayer, J 2015, 'Quantum technologies with hybrid systems', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), vol. 112, no. 13, pp. 3866–3873. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1419326112

Kiilerich, AH & Mølmer, K 2015, 'Quantum Zeno effect in parameter estimation', Physical Review A, vol. 92, no. 3, 032124. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.92.032124

Constantin, D, Jain, M, Murray, AS , Buylaert, JP & Timar-Gabor, A 2015, 'Quartz luminescence response to a mixed alpha-beta field: Investigations on Romanian loess', Radiation Measurements, vol. 81, pp. 110–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2015.01.001

Rémillard, A, Buylaert, J-P , Murray, A, St-Onge, G, Bernatchez, P & Hetu, B 2015, 'Quartz OSL dating of late Holocene beach ridges from the Magdalen Islands (Quebec, Canada)', Quaternary Geochronology, vol. 30, no. B, pp. 264-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2015.03.013

Auken, E , Fiandaca, G , Kirkegaard, C & Christiansen, AV 2015, 'Quasi-3D inversion of full size AEM datasets', ASEG-PESA 2015, Perth, Australia, 15/02/2015 - 18/02/2015. https://doi.org/10.1071/ASEG2015ab106

Arkhipov, S & Kanstrup, T 2015, 'Quasi-coherent Hecke category and Demazure descent', Moscow Mathematical Journal, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 257-267. <http://www.mathjournals.org/mmj/2015-015-002/2015-015-002-004.html>

Christensen, RS 2015, 'Quasiparticle Properties of a Mobile Impurity in a BEC', POLATOM2015, Bad Honnef, Germany, 22/06/2015 - 24/06/2015.

Christensen, RS , Levinsen, JF & Bruun, G 2015, 'Quasiparticle Properties of a Mobile Impurity in a Bose-Einstein Condensate', Physical Review Letters, vol. 115, 160401. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.160401

Christensen, RS & Bruun, G 2015, 'Quasiparticle scattering rate in a strongly polarized Fermi mixture', Physical Review A, vol. 91, 042702. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.91.042702

Carlsen, I , Frøkiær, J & Nørregaard, R 2015, 'Quercetin attenuates cyclooxygenase-2 expression in response to acute ureteral obstruction', American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology, vol. 308, no. 11, pp. F1297-F1305. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00514.2014

Nielsen, BL 2015, 'QUEST: Forandring i fagteamsamarbejde og undervisning i naturfag over tid', DASERA 2015, Silkeborg, Denmark, 21/11/2015 - 21/11/2015.

Nielsen, BL 2015, 'QUEST for sustainable CPD: scaffolding science teachers' individual and collaborative inquiries', Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 167, pp. 56-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.642

Grinsted, L , Bilde, T & Gilbert, J 2015, 'Questioning evidence of group selection in spiders', Nature, vol. 524, pp. E1-E3. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14595

Eichner, S 2015, 'Questioning the national in Danish television: Reading strategies and national imagery of Danish TV drama series in Germany', Paper presented at NordMedia, København, Denmark, 13/08/2015 - 15/08/2015.

Lysgaard, T, Sørensen, A, Nielsen, BL & Sillasen, MK 2015, 'QUEST-lærere fra Holstebro får ny naturfags”trailer” i spil', Big Bang, Roskilde, Denmark, 19/03/2015 - 20/03/2015.

Midtgaard, J & Møller, A 2015, QuickChecking Static Analysis Properties. in 8th IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST), 2015. IEEE, pp. 1-10, International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation , Graz, Austria, 13/04/2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICST.2015.7102603

Cole, R 2015, 'Racial Thinking in Old Norse Literature: The Case of the Blámaðr', Saga-book, vol. 39, pp. 21-40.

Larsen, SN 2015, 'Radar 2015 - årets bedste og værste', Arkitekten, vol. 117, no. 12, pp. 29.

Thelle, M 2015, Rådhuspladsen 1900: Det moderne Københavns brændpunkt. 1 edn, Gyldendal, København. <http://www.arnoldbusck.dk/boeger/historie-mytologi/raadhuspladsen-1900>

Larsen, SS, Baumgardt, H, Bastian, N, Brodie, JP, Grundahl, F & Strader, J 2015, 'Radial Distributions of Sub-Populations in the Globular Cluster M15: A More Centrally Concentrated Primordial Population', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 804, no. 1, 71. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/71

Miranda, J, Cabral, J, Ravelo, B, Wagner, SR , Pedersen, CF , Memon, M & Mathiesen, M 2015, 'Radiated EMC immunity investigation of common recognition identification platform for medical applications', Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 69, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2014140230

Mikkelsen, RE 2015, 'Radiation Emission from Relativistic Particles'.

Trip, AK, Sikorska, K, van Sandick, JW, Heeg, M, Cats, A, Boot, H, Jansen, EPM & Verheij, M 2015, 'Radiation-induced dose-dependent changes of the spleen following postoperative chemoradiotherapy for gastric cancer', Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, vol. 116, no. 2, pp. 239-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2015.07.036

Guralnik, B, Li, B, Jain, M, Chen, R, Paris, RB, Murray, AS, Li, S-H, Pagonis, V, Valla, PG & Herman, F 2015, 'Radiation-induced growth and isothermal decay of infrared-stimulated luminescence from feldspar', Radiation Measurements, vol. 81, pp. 224-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2015.02.011

Fiser, B, Mucsi, Z, Gómez-Bengoa, E, Viskolcz, B, Jensen, SK & G. Csizmadia, I 2015, 'Radicalicity: A scale to compare reactivities of radicals', Chemical Physics Letters, vol. 618, pp. 99-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2014.11.001

Johansen, M-L 2015, 'Radicalization in Scandinavia: the Danish case', Paper presented at RADISCAN Research Project: Opening seminar , Norway, 11/11/2015 - 12/11/2015.

Porsgaard, K , Hansen, BB , Ugilt, R , Jøker Bjerre, H & Thykjær, S 2015, 'Radikal ondskab', Dagbladet Information.

Buhl, H 2015, Radio. in H Kragh & KH Nielsen (eds), 50 opfindelser: Højdepunkter i teknologien. 1. edn, Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Aarhus, 50 højdepunkter, vol. 3., pp. 236-241.

Smialek, MA, Ptasinska, S, Gow, J, Hoffmann, SV & Mason, NJ 2015, 'Radio- and photosensitization of DNA with compounds containing platinum and bromine atoms', The European Physical Journal D: Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics, vol. 69, no. 5, 121. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2015-60036-5

Lichtenberger, A, Lindroos, A, Raja, R & Heinemeier, J 2015, 'Radiocarbon analysis of mortar from Roman and Byzantine water management installations in the Northwest Quarter of Jerash, Jordan', Journal of Archaeological Science, vol. 2, no. June, pp. 114–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.01.001

Philippsen, B 2015, 'Radiocarbon dating of elk (Alces alces), an economic and symbolic resource in prehistory', Paper presented at Neolithic cultures of Eastern Europe, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, 12/05/2015 - 16/05/2015.

Nielsen, K 2015, Radio er opfundet to gange: Fra trådløs telegrafi til broadcasting. in H Nielsen, H Siggard Jensen, K Hvidtfelt Nielsen & K Nielsen (eds), Forandringens vinde: Nye teknologihistorier. Nyt Teknisk Forlag, pp. 121-171.

Walfridsson, H, Walfridsson, U, Nielsen, JC, Johannessen, A, Raatikainen, P, Janzon, M, Levin, LA, Aronsson, M, Hindricks, G, Kongstad, O, Pehrson, S, Englund, A, Hartikainen, J, Mortensen, LS & Hansen, PS 2015, 'Radiofrequency ablation as initial therapy in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: results on health-related quality of life and symptom burden. The MANTRA-PAF trial', EP Europace. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euu342

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Lise Refstrup Linnebjerg Pedersen