Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Tonetti, MS, Eickholz, P, Loos, BG, Papapanou, P, van der Velden, U, Armitage, G, Bouchard, P, Deinzer, R, Dietrich, T, Hughes, F, Kocher, T, Lang, NP, Lopez, R, Needleman, I, Newton, T, Nibali, L, Pretzl, B, Ramseier, C, Sanz-Sanchez, I, Schlagenhauf, U & Suvan, JE 2015, 'Principles in Prevention of Periodontal Diseases: Consensus report of group 1 of the 11th European Workshop on Periodontology on effective prevention of periodontal and peri-implant diseases', Journal of Clinical Periodontology, vol. 42, no. Suppl. 16, pp. S5-S11. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12368

Autrup, H, Barile, FA, Blaauboer, BJ, Degen, GH, Dekant, W, Dietrich, D, Domingo, JL, Gori, GB, Greim, H, Hengstler, JG, Kacew, S, Marquardt, H, Pelkonen, O, Savolainen, K & Vermeulen, NP 2015, 'Principles of Pharmacology and Toxicology Also Govern Effects of Chemicals on the Endocrine System', Toxicological Sciences, vol. 146, no. 1, pp. 11-15. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfv082

Gregoire, V, Grau, C, Haustermans, K, Muren, LP & Stewart, F 2015, Principles of radiotherapy. in UICC Manual of Clinical Oncology, Ninth Edition. Wiley-Interscience, pp. 108-123. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119013143.ch10

Merkel, FR 2015, Princippet bag satellitsporing. <http://niki.gl/da/artikler-om-vandrende-dyr/generelt-om-sporing/sporing-via-satelliter/>

Jakobsen, LS 2015, 'Print dit skrig! 3D-printningens kunstneriske potentiale', Billedpaedagogisk Tidsskrift, no. 3, pp. 4-9.

Olesen, TB 2015, 'Prioritering, profilering og politisk orientering: Engagement og aktivisme i dansk udviklings- og bistandspolitik 1962-2015', Politik, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 25-36.

Kale, SM, Jaganathan, D, Ruperao, P, Chen, C, Punna, R, Kudapa, H, Thudi, M, Roorkiwal, M, Katta, MAVSK & Doddamani, D 2015, 'Prioritization of candidate genes in “QTL-hotspot” region for drought tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)', Scientific Reports, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 15296.

Ren, J & Sovacool, B 2015, 'Prioritizing Low-Carbon Energy Sources to Enhance China’s Energy Security', Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 92, pp. 129-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.12.044

Giertsen, H, Nylander, PÅ, Frank, VA , Kolind, T & Tourunen, J 2015, 'Prisoners’ experiences of drug treatment and punishment in four Nordic countries', Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs (NAD), vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 145-164. https://doi.org/10.1515/nsad-2015-0017

Meiklejohn, S & Orlandi, C 2015, Privacy-enhancing overlays in bitcoin. in M Brenner , N Christin , B Johnson & K Rohloff (eds), Financial Cryptography and Data Security : FC 2015 International Workshops, BITCOIN, WAHC, and Wearable, San Juan, Puerto Rico, January 30, 2015, Revised Selected Papers. vol. 8976, Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 127-141, International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, FC 2015 2nd Workshop on Bitcoin Research BITCOIN 2015, 3rd Workshop on Encrypted Computing and Applied Homomorphic Cryptography, WAHC 2015, and 1st Workshop on Wearable Security and Privacy, Wearable, San Juan; Puerto Rico, Spain, 30/01/2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48051-9_10

Frederiksen, TK , Nielsen, JB & Orlandi, C 2015, Privacy-Free Garbled Circuits with Applications to Efficient Zero-Knowledge. in E Oswald & M Fischlin (eds), Advances in Cryptology - EUROCRYPT 2015: 34th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Sofia, Bulgaria, April 26-30, 2015, Proceedings, Part II. Springer VS, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 9057, pp. 191-219, Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Sofia, Bulgaria, 26/04/2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46803-6_7

Bechmann, A & Vahlstrup, PB 2015, 'Private Facebook data patterns in a broad national sample', Eastern Sociological Society, New York, United States, 25/02/2015 - 03/03/2015.

Rajapakshe, S, Termansen, M & Paavola, J 2015, 'Private financing of water supply in developing countries: The potential in Sri Lanka.', European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, Helsinki, Finland, 24/06/2015 - 27/06/2015.

Hagen, CM, Aidt, FH, Havndrup, O, Hedley, PL, Jensen, MK , Kanters, JK, Pham, TT, Bundgaard, H & Christiansen, M 2015, 'Private mitochondrial DNA variants in Danish patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy', PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 4, e0124540. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124540

Hansen, AS 2015, 'Private Sector Involvement: Continued and New Initatives', Paper presented at The Future of ODA, Stockholm, Sweden, 01/10/2015 - 02/10/2015.

Christensen, S & Ørberg, JW 2015, 'Privat lektiehjælp kaster sin skygge over Danmark: privat lektiehjælp er en kæmpe skyggeindustri i Asien, men nu udfordrer skyggeundervisningen også det etablerede uddannelsessystem i Danmark. Er der grund til bekymring?', Asterisk (magasin), no. 76, pp. 32-33. <http://edu.au.dk/aktuelt/asterisk/vis-artikel/artikel/privat-lektiehjaelp-kaster-sin-skygge-over-danmark/>

Olsen, M & Gross, A 2015, Probabilistic Analysis of Online Stacking Algorithms. in Computational Logistics: 6th International Conference, ICCL 2015. vol. 9335, Springer VS, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 358-369, ICCL 2015, Delft, Netherlands, 23/09/2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24264-4_25

Vahdatirad, M, Bayat, M, Andersen, LV & Ibsen, LB 2015, 'Probabilistic finite element stiffness of a laterally loaded monopile based on an improved asymptotic sampling method', Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 503-513. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2014.890660

Karni, E & Vierø, ML 2015, 'Probabilistic sophistication and reverse Bayesianism', Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 189-208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11166-015-9216-5

Laursen, M, Mathiesen, L, Hansen, AK, Wang, M, Bender, T & Fruensgaard, S 2015, 'Probionibacterium acnes, Herniated Disc and Modic changes. No correlation found in 88 patients.'.

Bengtsen, SS, Wisker, G, Kiley, M & Keefer, J 2015, 'Problematizing Research Degrees', 16 Biennial EARLI Conference for Research on Learning and Instruction, Limassol, Cyprus, 25/08/2015 - 29/08/2015.

Krogh, L & Wiberg, M 2015, Problem-based and project-organised teaching. in L Rienecker, PS Jørgensen, J Dolin & GH Ingerslev (eds), University teaching and learning. 1. edn, Samfundslitteratur, Frederiksberg, pp. 215-227.

Hamre, B 2015, 'Problemforståelser af børn i det tværprofessionelle samarbjede mellem psykologien og psykiatrien', Specialpaedagogik, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 2-15.

Nielsen, JF 2015, 'Problem perceptions by top managers in distant subsidiaries', European Journal of International Management, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 484-509. https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIM.2015.070231

Søndergaard, E, Willadsen, TG, Guassora, AD, Vestergaard, M, Tomasdottir, MO, Borgquist, L, Holmberg-Marttila, D, Olivarius, NDF & Reventlow, S 2015, 'Problems and challenges in relation to the treatment of patients with multimorbidity: General practitioners' views and attitudes', Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 121-6. https://doi.org/10.3109/02813432.2015.1041828

Tolstrup, J 2015, 'Problems in Studying the International Dimension of Authoritarianism', APSA-CD, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1 + 8-11. <http://www.ned.org/apsa-cd/February-2015-APSA-CD.pdf>

Thorup, M 2015, Pro Bono? zero book.

Kumar, A , Lindgren, P & Prasad, R 2015, Proceedings of the Global Wireless Summit 2015. 1 edn, River Publishers.

Schulz, H-J, Urban, B & Lukas, UFV (eds) 2015, Proceedings of the International Summer School on Visual Computing 2015. Fraunhofer Verlag. <http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-370236.html>

Cornell, A & D'Arcy, M (eds) 2015, Proceedings of the Workshop: Workshop on Devolution and Local Development in Kenya. ICLD Policy Briefs, no. 2, Swedish International Centre for Local Democracy (ICLD).

Schjønning, P & Noe, E 2015, 'Proces frem mod bæredygtig trafik i marken', Landsbladet Agro, no. Maj 15, pp. 19.

Rudra, S, Rosendahl, L & Blarke, MB 2015, 'Process analysis of a biomass-based quad-generation plant for combined power, heat, cooling, and synthetic natural gas production', Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 106, pp. 1276-1285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.10.072

Mogensen, A, Nielsen, BL & Sillasen, MK 2015, 'Processer der forandrer: fagteamsamarbejde efter QUEST-modellen', MONA - Matematik- og Naturfagsdidaktik, vol. 2015/1, pp. 24-48.

Lund, M, Møller, C, Nielsen, C & Pedersen, KS 2015, Processer for etablering og drift af erhvervsfremmeprojekter: Følgeforskningsrapport på ISCR. in -.

Bagshaw, E, Tranter, M, Wadham, J, Fountain, AG & Fitzsimons, S 2015, 'Processes controlling carbon cycling in Antarctic Glacier surface ecosystems', Geochemical Perspectives Letters. https://doi.org/10.7185/geochemlet.1605

Larsen, JJ & Behroozmand, AA 2015, 'Processing of Surface-NMR Data From Sites With High Noise', AGU Fall Meeting 2015, San Fransisco, United States, 14/12/2015 - 18/12/2015. <https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm15/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/69401>

Sommer, AF, Maier, J, Mak, J, Moullec, ML, Cassidy, S & Clarkson, PJ 2015, Process types and value configuration in modelling practice - an empirical study of modelling in design and service. in Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED. Design Society, ICED, no. DS 80-02, vol. 2, pp. 431-440, 20th International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED 2015, Milan, Italy, 27/07/2015.

Bouzinova, E, Hangaard, L, Xie, Z, Staehr, C , Aalkjær, C & Matchkov, V 2015, 'Pro-contractile action of the Na,K-ATPase/Src-kinase signaling pathway in the vascular wall.', FEPS 2015, Kaunas, Lithuania, 26/08/2015 - 29/08/2015. https://doi.org/10.1111/apha.12626

Kunst, JR & Thomsen, L 2015, 'Prodigal Sons: Dual Abrahamic Categorization Mediates the Detrimental Effects of Religious Fundamentalism on Christian–Muslim Relations', The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 293-306. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2014.937965

Staunæs, D & Kofoed, J 2015, 'Producing curious affects: visual methodology as a an affecting and conflictual wunderkammer', International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, vol. 28, no. 10, pp. 1229-1248. https://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2014.975296

Adriansen, HK, Mehmood-Ul-Hassan , M & Mbow, C 2015, Producing scientific knowledge in Africa today: auto-ethnographic insights from a climate change researcher. in HK Adriansen, LM Madsen & S Jensen (eds), Higher Education and Capacity Building in Africa: The geography and power of knowledge under changing conditions. 1. edn, Routledge, London, pp. 124-146.

Orlowitz, E & Brandt, A 2015, Producing Simulated Time Data for Operational Modal Analysis. in J Caicedo & S Pakzad (eds), Dynamics of Civil Structures, Volume 2: Proceedings of the 33rd IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, 2015. vol. 2, Springer, Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series, pp. 339-350, 33rd International Modal Analysis Conference: A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, Orlando, Florida, United States, 02/02/2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15248-6_36

Guerrero, L, Alexi, N & Grigorakis, K 2015, Product concept development: technical and consumer driven.

Lueg, R 2015, 'Product customization: A case study on choosing the right costing system', International Journal of Business Strategy, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 63-68. https://doi.org/10.18374/IJBS-15-2.4

Mathiasen, JB & Koch, C 2015, 'Product development as reading and writing doings within sociotechnical practices: reciprocity between engineers and artefacts', Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 604-620. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2015.1019848

Solaesa, AG, Sanz, MT, Falkeborg, M, Beltrán, S & Guo, Z 2015, 'Production and concentration of monoacylglycerols rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by enzymatic glycerolysis and molecular distillation', Food Chemistry, vol. 190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.061

Lønborg, C, Yokokawa, T, Herndl, GJ & Antón Álvarez-Salgado, X 2015, 'Production and degradation of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in surface waters of the eastern north Atlantic ocean', Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, vol. 96, pp. 28-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2014.11.001

Kristensen, T, Aaes, O & Weisbjerg, MR 2015, 'Production and environmental impact of dairy cattle production in Denmark 1900–2010', Livestock Science, vol. 178, pp. 306-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2015.06.012

M. Perano, K, G. Usack, J, Angenent, L & G. Gebremedhin, K 2015, 'Production and physiological responses of heat-stressed lactating dairy cattle to conductive cooling.', Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 98, no. 8, pp. 5252-5261. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8784

Szász, L, Demeter, K & Boer, H 2015, 'Production competence revisited - A critique of the literature and a new measurement approach', Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 536-560. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-09-2013-0120

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