Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Broström, S 2019, Didaktik i vuggestue og dagpleje: en dynamisk, didaktisk model omsat til praksis. in AD Justesen (ed.), Barnet i Centrum 2 : mod en 0-3-årspædagogik i vuggestue og dagpleje. Akademisk Forlag, København, pp. 105-170.

Heine, C 2019, 'Didaktische Konzepte zur fremdsprachigen Textproduktion und Mehrsprachigkeit', Germanistische Begegnungstagung 2019. Zwischen Kontinuität und Wandel. Die Germanistik in Nordeuropa und im Baltikum, Riga, Latvia, 05/12/2019 - 08/12/2019.

Højgaard, T & Hansen, R 2019, 'Didaktisk modellering som undersøgelseslogik', MONA - Matematik- og Naturfagsdidaktik, no. 2, pp. 48-68. <https://tidsskrift.dk/mona/article/download/114697/163239/>

Christensen, JW & Uldahl, M 2019, Did you put on weight? The influence of increased rider weight on horse behavoural and physiological parameters. in C DuBois, K Merkies, T Widowski & C Wentworth-Stanley (eds), Proceedings of the 15th International Equitation Science Conference: Bringing Science to the Stable. pp. 35-35, International Equitation Science Conference, Guelph, Canada, 19/08/2019. <file:///C:/Users/Mjaal/Downloads/ISES_Proceedings_15th_International_Conference_Guelph_2019.pdf>

Hubert, M, Linzmajer, M, Riedl, R, Hubert, M & Kenning, P 2019, Die Bedeutung der Impulsivität auf die Vertrauensbildung in Online-Settings: Erste Ergebnisse der Consumer Neuroscience. in C Bala & W Schuldzinski (eds), Der vertrauende Verbraucher: Zwischen Regulation und Information. Verbraucherzentrale NRW, Düsseldorf, Beiträge zur Verbraucherforschung, vol. 9, pp. 103-114. https://doi.org/10.15501/978-3-86336-922-4

Winther, M 2019, 'Dieselbil fik samme karakter som elbil i test af luftkvalitet – men helt uden emissioner er den ikke', Ingeniøren.

Fischer, G 2019, Die Spur der Steine: Geologische Expertise zu Ressourcenfrontiers als Übersetzungsarbeit, um 1910. in M Füssel, F Rexroth & I Schürmann (eds), Praktiken und Räume des Wissens: Expertenkulturen in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen, pp. 109-126.

Obeid, R, Schön, C, Wilhelm, M, Pietrzik, K & Pilz, S 2019, 'Dietary and lifestyle predictors of folate insufficiency in non-supplemented German women', International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 367-376. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2018.1511686

Jessen, HH , Mgana, HF , Grønkjær, P & Lauridsen, TL 2019, 'Dietary differences among commercially important fishes in Lake Tanganyika assessed using stable isotope analysis', Journal of Great Lakes Research, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 1205-1214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2019.08.008

Knudsen, KEB & Lærke, HN 2019, Dietary fibre analyses in a nutritional and physiological context - past and present. in Proceedings of the XIX Congresso Bienal AMENA. Asociación Mexicana de Especialistas en Nutrición Animal, pp. 7-10, XIX Congreso Bienal AMENA 2019, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, 15/10/2019.

Ewers, B, Trolle, E, Jacobsen, SS, Vististen, D, Almdal, TP, Vilsboll, T & Bruun, JM 2019, 'Dietary habits and adherence to dietary recommendations in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes compared with the general population in Denmark', Nutrition, vol. 61, pp. 49-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2018.10.021

Patsche, CB , Rudolf, F, da Silva Mendes, AM, da Cunha, I, Gomes, VF, Wejse, C & Jeppesen, C 2019, 'Dietary intake in undernourished adults living in Guinea-Bissau; a cross-sectional study', BMC Nutrition, vol. 5, no. 1, 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-019-0276-9

Sattari Najafabadi, Z , Nielsen, TS & Hedemann, MS 2019, 'Dietary protein source and butyrylated high-amylose maize starch included in a high-protein diet determines the urinary metabolome of rats', International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 255-266. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2018.1499711

Scharff-Olsen, CH, Galatius, A , Teilmann, J , Dietz, R , Andersen, SM, Jarnit, S, Kroner, A-M, Botnen, AB, Lundstrøm, K, Moller, PR & Olsen, MT 2019, 'Diet of seals in the Baltic Sea region: a synthesis of published and new data from 1968 to 2013', ICES Journal of Marine Science, vol. 76, no. 1, pp. 284-297. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsy159

Nissen, U 2019, 'Dietrich Bonhoeffer's Polyphony of Life as a Contribution to Public Discourse', American Academy of Religion: Annual Meeting 2019, San Diego, United States, 23/11/2019 - 26/11/2019.

Bernard, L, Fougère, H, Larsen, T & Pires, J 2019, 'Diets supplemented with various lipid sources differently affect selected milk metabolites concentrations in cows and goats', International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology, Leipzig, Germany, 03/09/2019 - 06/09/2019.

Bundsgaard, J 2019, 'DIF as a pedagogical tool: analysis of item characteristics in ICILS to understand what students are struggling with', Large-Scale Assessments in Education, vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-019-0077-2

Kaartama, T, Nozohoor, S, Johansson, M, Sjogren, J, Timane, P & Ragnarsson, S 2019, 'Difference in Outcome Following Surgery for Native Aortic and Mitral Valve Infective Endocarditis', The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon, vol. 67, no. 8, pp. 652-658. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1676127

Clasen, JB , Fogh, A & Kargo, M 2019, 'Differences between performance of F1 crossbreds and Holsteins at different production levels', Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 436-441. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-14975

Rask, KA, Johansen, JL, Kjøller, R & Ekelund, F 2019, 'Differences in arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation influence cadmium uptake in plants', Environmental and Experimental Botany, vol. 162, pp. 223-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.02.022

Hovdenak Jakobsen, I , Juul, T , Thaysen, HV, Johansen, C & Laurberg, S 2019, 'Differences in baseline characteristics and 1-year psychological factors between participants and non-participants in the randomized, controlled trial regarding patient-led follow-up after rectal cancer (FURCA)', Acta Oncologica, vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 627-633. https://doi.org/10.1080/0284186X.2019.1581948

Søndergaard, A, Laursen, T, Chesney, M, Sodemann, M & Rodkjær, LØ 2019, 'Differences in coping self-efficacy, social relations and depression among HIV-infected ethnic Danes and non-ethnic Danes in Denmark: a cross-sectional study.', Nordic Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (NSCMID), Trondheim d.12-15 september 2019.

, 12/09/2019 - 15/09/2019.

Søndergaard, A, Laursen, T, Chesney, M, Sodemann, M & Rodkjær, LØ 2019, 'Differences in Coping Self-efficacy, Social Relations and Depression Among HIV-infected Ethnic Danes and Non-ethnic Danes in Denmark: A Cross-sectional Study.', International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science , vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 156-163. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20190502.21

Hansen, HH, Sembach, LE, Dhakal, R, Pico, S, Hansen, HE & Nielsen, MO 2019, 'Differences in fermentation kinetics by age of donor animals', Advances in Animal Biosciences, vol. 10, no. 3, P198, pp. 648-648. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2040470019000037

Menezes, R, Attayde, JL, Kosten, S, Lacerot, G, Coimbra e Souza, L, S. Costa, L, Sternberg, LDSL, dos Santos, AC, de Medeiros Rodrigues, M & Jeppesen, E 2019, 'Differences in food webs and trophic states of Brazilian tropical humid and semi-arid shallow lakes: implications of climate change', Hydrobiologia, vol. 829, no. 1, pp. 95-111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3626-8

Ausems, ANMA, Wojczulanis-Jakubas, K & Jakubas, D 2019, 'Differences in tail feather growth rate in storm-petrels breeding in the Northern and Southern hemisphere: A ptilochronological approach', PeerJ, vol. 2019, no. 10, e7807. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7807

Weinberger, DM, Warren, JL, Dalby, T, Shapiro, ED, Valentiner-Branth, P, Slotved, HC & Harboe, ZB 2019, 'Differences in the impact of pneumococcal serotype replacement in individuals with and without underlying medical conditions', Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 100-106. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy875

Bello, O, Ladwa, M, Hakim, O, Marathe, C, Shojaee-Moradie, F, Charles-Edwards, G, Peacock, JL, Margot Umpleby, A, Amiel, SA & Goff, LM 2019, 'Differences in the link between insulin sensitivity and ectopic fat in men of Black African and White European ethnicity', European Journal of Endocrinology, vol. 182, no. 1, pp. 91-101. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-19-0636

Bønnerup, KH , Pedersen, AL , Weed, E & Parrila, R 2019, 'Differences in the literacy skills of Danish dyslexic students in two types of higher education programmes', Dyslexia, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 173-189. https://doi.org/10.1002/dys.1617

Hauberg, ME, Fullard, JF, Zhu, L, Cohain, AT, Giambartolomei, C, Misir, R, Reach, S, Johnson, JS, Wang, M, Mattheisen, M , Børglum, AD, Zhang, B, Sieberts, SK, Peters, MA, Domenici, E, Schadt, EE, Devlin, B, Sklar, P, Roeder, K, Roussos, P & the CommonMind Consortium 2019, 'Differential activity of transcribed enhancers in the prefrontal cortex of 537 cases with schizophrenia and controls', Molecular Psychiatry, vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 1685-1695. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-018-0059-8

Jensen, AB , Lund, M , Nørskov-Lauritsen, N, Johansson, A, Claesson, R, Reinholdt, J & Haubek, D 2019, 'Differential Cell Lysis Among Periodontal Strains of JP2 and Non-JP2 Genotype of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Serotype B Is Not Reflected in Dissimilar Expression and Production of Leukotoxin', Pathogens, vol. 8, no. 4, 211. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8040211

Elfving, B , Müller, HK, Oliveras, I, Østerbøg, TB, Rio-Alamos, C, Sanchez-Gonzalez, A, Tobeña, A, Fernandez-Teruel, A & Aznar, S 2019, 'Differential expression of synaptic markers regulated during neurodevelopment in a rat model of schizophrenia-like behavior', Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, vol. 95, 109669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109669

Ruud, AK , Malinowska, M , Bjarup Hansen, P, Svane, SF, Eriksen, LB, Fè, D, Jensen, CS, Greve, M, Thorup-Kristensen, K, Nagy, I & Asp, T 2019, 'Differential gene expression and multi-omic analysis of drought stress in Lolium perenne', EGF-EUCARPIA Symposium, Grassland Science in Europe, Zurich, Switzerland, 24/06/2019 - 27/06/2019 pp. 287. <https://www.europeangrassland.org/fileadmin/documents/Infos/Printed_Matter/Proceedings/EGF2019.pdf>

Santibáñez, PA, Michaud, AB, Vick-Majors, TJ, D'Andrilli, J, Chiuchiolo, A, Hand, KP & Priscu, JC 2019, 'Differential Incorporation of Bacteria, Organic Matter, and Inorganic Ions Into Lake Ice During Ice Formation', Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 124, no. 3, pp. 585-600. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004825

Baudoin, F & Kelleher, DJ 2019, 'Differential one-forms on dirichlet spaces and bakry-Émery estimates on metric graphs', Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 371, no. 5, pp. 3145-3178. https://doi.org/10.1090/tran/7362

Geirsson, A, Shioda, K, Olsson, C, Ahlsson, A, Gunn, J, Hansson, EC, Hjortdal, V, Jeppsson, A, Mennander, A, Wickbom, A, Zindovic, I & Gudbjartsson, T 2019, 'Differential outcomes of open and clamp-on distal anastomosis techniques in acute type A aortic dissection', The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, vol. 157, no. 5, pp. 1750-1758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.09.020

Shreya, S & Kaushik, BK 2019, 'Differential Spin Hall Effect-Based Nonvolatile Static Random Access Memory for Energy-Efficient and Fast Data Restoration Application', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 55, no. 9, 3401211. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2019.2917655

Swarbrick, VJ, Simpson, GL, Glibert, PM & Leavitt, PR 2019, 'Differential stimulation and suppression of phytoplankton growth by ammonium enrichment in eutrophic hardwater lakes over 16 years', Limnology and Oceanography, vol. 64, pp. S130-S149. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11093

Vernstrøm, L , Laugesen, E , Grove, EL , Baier, JM , Gullaksen, S , Hvas, A-M , Poulsen, PL & Funck, KL 2019, 'Differential vascular effects of aspirin in people with Type 2 diabetes without cardiovascular disease and matched controls without diabetes', Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, vol. 36, no. 9, pp. 1141-1148. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.13978

Sarker, S 2019, Differentiating Between Supply and Supplier Risk for Better Supply Chain Risk Management. in Springer Series in Supply Chain Management. Springer, pp. 315-328. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03813-7_19

Akkerman, M , Poulsen, NA, Sørensen, J & Larsen, LB 2019, 'Differentiation of milk, including organics, with storage outside the cold chain', Dairy Research Conference 2019, Billund, Denmark, 27/03/2019 - 27/03/2019 pp. 22.

Bangshaab, M , Gutierrez, A, Huynh, KD, Knudsen, JS , Arcanjo, DDR , Petersen, AG , Rungby, J , Gejl, M & Simonsen, U 2019, 'Different mechanisms involved in liraglutide and glucagon-like peptide-1 vasodilatation in rat mesenteric small arteries', British Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 176, no. 3, pp. 386-399. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.14534

Graudal, N, Kaas-Hansen, BS, Guski, L, Hubeck-Graudal, T, Welton, NJ & Jürgens, G 2019, 'Different Original and Biosimilar TNF Inhibitors Similarly Reduce Joint Destruction in Rheumatoid Arthritis-A Network Meta-Analysis of 36 Randomized Controlled Trials', International Journal of Molecular Sciences , vol. 20, no. 18, 4350. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184350

Vinther, AS & Christiansen, AV 2019, Different users, different interventions – on the ideal typology of anabolic androgenic steroid use and its implications for prevention and harm reduction. in K Van de Ven, KJD Mulrooney & J McVeigh (eds), Human Enhancement Drugs. Routledge, London.

Burke, KD, Williams, JW, Brewer, S, Finsinger, W, Giesecke, T, Lorenz, DJ & Ordonez, A 2019, 'Differing climatic mechanisms control transient and accumulated vegetation novelty in Europe and eastern North America', Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol. 374, no. 1788, 20190218, pp. 20190218. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0218

Chuhutin, A , Hansen, B, Wlodarczyk, A, Owens, T, Shemesh, N & Jespersen, S 2019, 'Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI) Biomarkers correlate with dysfunction in the EAE model of MS', International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2019, Montreal, Canada, 11/05/2019 - 16/05/2019.

Næss-Schmidt, E , Blicher, JU, Møller, MT, Rask, CU, Svendsen, SW, Schröder, A , Tuborgh, AH , Østergaard, L , Jespersen, S , Hansen, B , Eskildsen, SF & Nielsen, JF 2019, 'Diffusion kurtosis imaging in patients with prolonged post-concussion symptoms', Journal of Psychosomatic Research, vol. 121, pp. 123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.03.073

Chassé, É, Guay, F & Létourneau-Montminy, M-P 2019, 'Digestibilité iléale et totale apparentes des nutriments chez le porc en croissance : effet de la granulation, de la xylanase et de la présence de coproduits', Journees de la Recherche Porcine en France, vol. 51.

Stødkilde, L , Damborg, VK , Jørgensen, H , Lærke, HN & Jensen, SK 2019, 'Digestibility of fractionated green biomass as protein source for monogastric animals', Animal, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 1817-1825. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731119000156

Zhao, D, Li, L, Le, TTT , Larsen, LB, Xu, D, Jiao, W, Sheng, B, Li, B & Zhang, X 2019, 'Digestibility of glycated milk proteins and the peptidomics of their in vitro digests', Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 99, no. 6, pp. 3069-3077. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9520

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