Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Jensen, S, Tvedskov, TF, Bechmann, T , Tramm, T, Jensen, MB, Rahr, HB & Lautrup, MD 2025, 'Additional Axillary Disease After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Patients with Clinically Node-Negative but Sentinel Node-Positive Disease', Annals of Surgical Oncology, vol. 32, no. 13, pp. 9807-9816. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-025-18045-7, https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-025-18045-7

Bonne, TC, Andersen, AB, Bejder, J, Loures, JP, Dam, C, Huertas, JR & Nordsborg, NB 2025, 'Additive Effect of EPO and Altitude on Hemoglobin Mass but not Peak Oxygen Uptake', Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, vol. 57, no. 7, 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003680, pp. 1366-1375. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003680

Lindgreen, P, Clausen, L, Grønbæk, HN, Andersen, CH, Ismael, K & Cleal, B 2025, 'Addressing binge eating in people with type 2 diabetes: Co-creating and feasibility testing dialogue tools based on a design thinking approach', International Journal of Nursing Studies, vol. 9, 100430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnsa.2025.100430

Zhou, Q, Guan, K, Wang, S, Hipple, J & Chen, Z 2025, 'Addressing Crop Dormancy for Phenology-based Field-level Detection of Winter Wheat Planting Dates in the United States', IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 63, 4423111. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3631803

Evans, C, Hassanein, ZM, Bains, M, Bennett, C, Bjerrum, M, Edgley, A, Edwards, D, Porritt, K & Salmond, S 2025, 'Addressing equity, diversity, and inclusion in JBI qualitative systematic reviews: a methodological scoping review', JBI Evidence Synthesis, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 454-479. https://doi.org/10.11124/JBIES-24-00025

Kjeldsen, T & Mechlenburg, I 2025, 'Addressing evidence gaps in exercise for hip osteoarthritis', The Lancet Rheumatology, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. e308-e310. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2665-9913(24)00378-3

Prior, KS 2025, 'Addressing frailty in Danish cancer guidelines to meet future challenges', EUGMS - European Society of Geriatric Medicine , Reykjavik, 24/09/2025 - 26/09/2025.

Macaulay, SJ, Jeppesen, E, Riebesell, U, Nejstgaard, JC, Berger, SA, Lewandowska, AM, Rico, A, Kefford, BJ, Vad, CF, Costello, DM, Wang, H, Madge Pimentel, I, Barcelos e Ramos, J, González, J, Spilling, K, de Senerpont Domis, L, Boersma, M, Stockenreiter, M, Meerhoff, M, Vijver, MG, Kelly-Quinn, M, Beklioğlu, M, Matias, MG, Sswat, M, Juvigny-Khenafou, NPD, Fink, P, Zhang, P, Taniwaki, RH, Ptacnik, R, Langenheder, S, Nederstigt, TAP, Horváth, Z & Piggott, JJ 2025, 'Addressing grand ecological challenges in aquatic ecosystems: how can mesocosms be used to advance solutions?', Oikos. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.11020

Kumar, K, Bakker, MM, Pergens, J, Carmona, L, Guillemin, F, Boström, C, De Meyst, E, Westhovens, R, Nikiphorou, E, De Thurah, A, Kiltz, U, Makri, S, De Wit, M & Boonen, A 2025, 'Addressing health literacy and equity in European rheumatology practice: A call for action', Rheumatology Advances in Practice, vol. 9, no. 3, rkaf074. https://doi.org/10.1093/rap/rkaf074

Møller, LF , Edelbo, R & Bager, P 2025, 'Addressing sexual health among patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases', British Journal of Nursing, vol. 34, no. 11, pp. 582-588. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2023.0271

Lassen, JK 2025, 'Addressing sources of variance in large-scale metabolomics', PhD, Aarhus University.

Højgaard, HG 2025, 'A decision for life? Perspectives on preventive medication for screen-detected cardiovascular disease – An evaluation of follow-up to support citizens’ medication decision: A multi-method study', PhD, Aarhus University.

Larsen, CK , Kristiansen, GH & Poulsen, NA 2025, 'A deeper understanding of β-CNs role in milk coagulation', 22nd Annual IMGC HYBRID Symposium, International Milk Genomics Consortium, 2025, Aarhus, Denmark, 16/09/2025 - 18/09/2025.

Green Munk, A 2025, 'Adele Blanc-Sec, c'est moi': Tardi's feminist life writing. in SB Jørgensen & L Barthelemy (eds), Relire tout Tardi.

Wrisberg, O , Petoe, P , de Lima Ferreira, P, Bacon, CD, Barfod, AS, Bellot, S, Cano, Á, Couvreur, TLP, Dransfield, J, Henderson, A, Stauffer, FW, Baker, WJ & Eiserhardt, WL 2025, 'A densely sampled nuclear phylogenomic analysis of the coryphoid palms (Arecaceae: Coryphoideae)', Taxon, vol. 74, no. 6, pp. 1372-1392. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.13384

Hedegaard, M, Fleer, M, Winther-Lindqvist, DA & Bøttcher, L 2025, A developmental perspective on Childhood and children's education: sustainability, care, play and the zone of proximal development . in Sustainability, Care, Play and the Zone of Proximal Development: A Developmental Perspective on Childhood. Springer, Cham, Perspectives in Cultural-Historical Research, vol. 15, pp. 1-19.

Rohbohm, N & Angenent, LT 2025, 'A development study for liquid- and vapor-fed anode zero-gap bioelectrolysis cells', iScience, vol. 28, no. 7, 112959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2025.112959

Nielsen, K 2025, 'Adgang og erkendelsesprocesser i kvalitative forskning', Paper presented at Kvalekonferencen 2025
, Roskilde, Denmark, 15/05/2025 - 16/05/2025.

Rasmussen, GV 2025, 'ADHD – A MATTER OF TIME? Families living with ADHD in Denmark', PhD, Aarhus University.

Zhang, L, Zhu, N, Sjölander, A, Nourredine, M, Li, L, Garcia-Argibay, M, Kuja-Halkola, R, Brikell, I, Lichtenstein, P, D'Onofrio, BM, Larsson, H, Cortese, S & Chang, Z 2025, 'ADHD drug treatment and risk of suicidal behaviours, substance misuse, accidental injuries, transport accidents, and criminality: Emulation of target trials', BMJ, vol. 390, no. 390, e083658. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2024-083658

Hjerrild, S , Wissing, S & Holm, T 2025, 'ADHD og problematisk rusmiddelbrug', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 187, no. 20, pp. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.61409/V01250005

Søgaard, M, Skjøth, F, Behrendt, CA, Nicolajsen, CW, Højen, AA, Dahl, M, Petersen, CN & Ørskov, M 2025, 'Adherence to Antithrombotic and Lipid Lowering Therapy and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Nationwide Nested Case Control Study', European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2025.09.015

Neumann, K, Berg, J, Ashraf, H, Isaksson, J, Knuuttila, A, Borg, MH & Rasmussen, TR 2025, 'Adherence to guidelines for incidental pulmonary nodules: insights from a Nordic survey', Acta Oncologica, vol. 64, pp. 22-26. https://doi.org/10.2340/1651-226X.2025.42461

Vistisen, ST & Enevoldsen, J 2025, 'Adherence to Hypotension Prediction Index Treatment Protocols Cause More Aggressive Treatment', Critical Care Medicine, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. e1336-e1337. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000006633

Potpara, T, Markovic, B, Grygier, M, Genovesi, S, Tzikas, A, Boveda, S, Nielsen-Kudsk, JE, Boriani, G, Lip, GYH & Camm, AJ 2025, 'Adherence to oral thromboprophylaxis in atrial fibrillation: An overview for clinicians', EP Europace, vol. 27, no. 11, euaf250. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euaf250

Aguilera-Buenosvinos, I, Morales Berstein, F, González-Gil, EM, Dossus, L, Gunter, MJ, Biessy, C, Masala, G, Santucci De Magistris, M, Laouali, N, Shah, S, Marques, C, Heath, AK, Tsilidis, KK, Cross, AJ, Ferrari, P, Castro-Espin, C, Debras, C, Tumino, R, Tjønneland, A, Halkjær, J, Drake, I, Ericson, U, Guevara, M, Rodríguez-Barranco, M, Skeie, G, Braaten, T, Gram, IT, Dahm, CC, Agnoli, C, Schulze, MB, Huerta, JM, Martínez-González, MÁ, Huybrechts, I & Toledo Atucha, E 2025, 'Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Obesity-Linked Cancer Risk in EPIC', JAMA network open, vol. 8, no. 2, e2461031, pp. e2461031. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.61031

Nazari, R, Aghababaei, R, Papangelo, A & Ciavarella, M 2025, 'Adhesion- and friction-induced suppression of buckling in thin spherical shells in contact with a rigid wall', International Journal of Engineering Science, vol. 215, 104329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104329

Rasmussen, MH , Bregnhøj, M, Kreitschitz, A, Gorb, SN & Weidner, T 2025, 'Adhesion of the mucilage envelope of Ocimum basilicum seeds probed by sum frequency generation spectroscopy', Soft Matter, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 1037-1044. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4sm01057d

Lund, J 2025, A Dialectical Trip. in TimeBeing. Forlaget emancipa(t/ss)ionsfrugten, København.

Mathiasen Stopa, SE 2025, 'A Dialogue of Mutual Recognition - Rephrasing Martin Luther’s Doctrine of Justification in the 21st Century', Neue Zeitschrift fuer Systematische Theologie und Religionsphilosophie, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 64-86. https://doi.org/10.1515/nzsth-2025-0001

Boudjadar, J & Frasheri, M 2025, A Digital Twin Enabled Runtime Analysis and Mitigation for Autonomous Robots Under Uncertainties. in Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics - Volume 2: ICINCO. SCITEPRESS Digital Library, pp. 96-104, 22nd International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics, ICINCO 2025, Marbella, Spain, 20/10/2025. https://doi.org/10.5220/0013772600003982

Bork, C, Dahm, CC, Calder, PC, Lundbye-Christensen, S , Olsen, A , Overvad, K & Schmidt, EB 2025, 'Adipose tissue content of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and all-cause mortality: a Danish prospective cohort study', The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 121, no. 4, pp. 865-872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.029

Henriksen, ML, Pedersen, JC, Jensen, BBE, Jørgensen, B, Eriksen, RL & Hinge, M 2025, 'A direct comparison of a next generation hyperspectral camera to state-of-the-art', Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, vol. 325, 125068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2024.125068

Brems-Eskildsen, AS , Kenholm, J, Brixen, AT, Rønlev, JD, Stenbygaard, L, Danø, H, Grunnet, M, Jakobsen, EH, Neimann, J , Langkjer, ST & Geisler, J 2025, 'A direct comparison of classical oral Navelbine vs metronomic Navelbine in metastatic breast cancer: results from the Danish Breast Cancer Group’s (DBCG) NAME-trial', Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, vol. 213, no. 2, pp. 237-246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-025-07777-5

Geirnaert, S, Kappel, SL & Kidmose, P 2025, 'A direct comparison of simultaneously recorded scalp, around-ear and in-ear EEG for neural selective auditory attention decoding to speech', Scientific Reports, vol. 15, no. 1, 41655. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-25576-2

Zoelner, M 2025, 'A discursive approach to the identity work of highly skilled transnational professionals in ambivalent contexts', European Journal of International Management, vol. 25, no. 3/4, pp. 625-644. https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIM.2025.144641

Krieger, J & Hao, YA 2025, 'A Disillusion with the Olympic Fantasy: Olympic Identity Card-Related Controversies from 1972 to 1984', Paper presented at 2025 Conference of the North American Society for Sport History (NASSH) , Gatineau, Canada, 26/05/2025 - 29/05/2025.

Ahern, TP, Collin, LJ, MacLehose, RF, Littenberg, B, Haines, L, Bonnett, M, Asmussen, FB, Chen, J & Lash, TL 2025, 'Adjusting Adjustments: Using External Data to Estimate the Impact of Different Confounder Sets on Published Associations', Epidemiology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 381-390. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000001821

Jensen, MB, Balslev, E, Knoop, AS, Tuxen, MK, Højris, I, Jakobsen, EH, Cold, S, Danø, H, Glavicic, V, Kenholm, J & Ejlertsen, B 2025, 'Adjuvant Docetaxel and Cyclophosphamide with or Without Epirubicin for Early Breast Cancer: Final Analysis of the Randomized DBCG 07-READ Trial', Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 373-380. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.24.00836

Galsky, MD, Witjes, JA, Gschwend, JE, Milowsky, MI, Schenker, M, Valderrama, BP, Tomita, Y, Bamias, A, Lebret, T, Shariat, SF, Park, SH, Agerbaek, M, Jha, G, Stenner, F, Ye, D, Giudici, F, Dutta, S, Askelson, M, Nasroulah, F, Zhang, J, Brophy, L & Bajorin, DF 2025, 'Adjuvant Nivolumab in High-Risk Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma: Expanded Efficacy From CheckMate 274', Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 15-21. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.24.00340

Galsky, MD, Bajorin, DF, Tomita, Y, Ye, D, Agerbaek, M, Enting, D, Peer, A, Milowsky, M, Kobayashi, K, Grimm, MO, Stenner, F, David, JM, Li, J, Chasalow, SD, Nasroulah, F, Apfel, A, Ünsal-Kaçmaz, K & Necchi, A 2025, 'Adjuvant nivolumab in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma: exploratory biomarker analysis of the randomized phase 3 CheckMate 274 trial', Nature Medicine, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 3062-3073. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-025-03802-8

Plougmann Gislinge, JI, Rubeck Petersen, K, Borgquist, S & Ravn, P 2025, 'Adjuvant treatment with tamoxifen for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer and gynecological risks in premenopausal and perimenopausal women–a systematic review', Climacteric, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 657-665. https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2025.2509839

Zhemchuzhnikov, MK, Versluijs, TSL, Bom, RA, Blok, R, van Bleijswijk, JDL, Reneerkens, J & van Gils, JA 2025, 'A DNA-based dietary study of shorebird chicks in Greenland', Wader Study, vol. 131, no. 3, pp. 226-230. https://doi.org/10.18194/ws.00360

Dyrmann, K 2025, 'A Doctor for the Crown Princess: child mortality and women’s political agency at the Danish court, 1784–1797', The History of the Family, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 88-107. https://doi.org/10.1080/1081602X.2024.2379808

Ballin, M, Ekblom, Ö, Nordström, A, Ahlqvist, VH & Nordström, P 2025 'Adolescent Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Future Risk of Depression and Antidepressants: A Nationwide Cohort Study with Sibling Comparators' medRxiv, pp. 2025.02.07.25321835. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.07.25321835

Ballin, M, Berglind, D, Henriksson, P, Neovius, M, Nordström, A, Ortega, FB, Sillanpää, E, Nordström, P & Ahlqvist, VH 2025, 'Adolescent cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of cancer in late adulthood: A nationwide sibling-controlled cohort study in Sweden', PLOS Medicine, vol. 22, no. 5 May, e1004597. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004597

Winding, TN, Bøjstrup, J & Christensen, S 2025, 'Adolescent friendships and their impact on self-rated health in early adulthood. A prospective cohort study', Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 881-888. https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948251337336

Eriksson, H, Herraiz-Adillo, Á, Wennberg, P, Daka, B, Esteban-Cornejo, I, Lenander, C, Berglind, D, Müssener, U, Fang, F, Östgren, CJ, Rådholm, K, Henriksson, P & Ahlqvist, VH 2025 'Adolescent Intelligence and Imaging-Based Atherosclerosis in middle age: A Population Study of Swedish Men' medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.10.03.25337218

Damkjaer, MS & Soerensen, ASM 2026, Adolescents Navigating Sharenting: Autonomy, Intimacy, and Care in the Mediatized Family. in GF Lendvai, A Vizcaíno‑Verdú, A Velicu & A Koltay (eds), Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Sharenting: Parenting, Privacy, and Consent. Routledge, Routledge advances in sociology.

Hansen, ER, Kruckow, S, Ewing, SWF, Nordentoft, M, Thomsen, KR & Tolstrup, JS 2025, 'Adolescent substance use patterns and subsequent risk of mental and behavioural disorders, substance use, and suicidal behaviour: a cohort study', The Lancet Public Health, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. e578-e587. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(25)00115-X

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