Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Beierholm, AR, Nygaard, DE, Juhl, EL, Hansen, R & Hansen, J 2019, 'Evaluating out-of-field doses during radiotherapy of paediatric brain tumours using lead shielding and flattening-filter free beams', Physica Medica, vol. 60, pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2019.03.008

Zernack, AV , Riede, F , Enevold, R, Küppers, U, Thastrup, MB, Schmid, M, Kristiansen, SM & Tegner, C 2019, 'Evaluating post-depositional disturbance of distal tephra records and potential precursor eruptions from Laacher-See Volcano through multidisciplinary investigations at Paddenluch, Germany.', INQUA, Dublin, Ireland, 25/07/2019 - 31/07/2019.

Pedersen, K , Bennedsen, AB , Rungø, B , Paltved, C , Mørcke, AM , Ringsted, C & Mors, O 2019, 'Evaluating the effectiveness of video cases to improve patient-centeredness in psychiatry: a quasi-experimental study', International Journal of Medical Education, vol. 2019, no. 10, pp. 195-202. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.5d9b.1e88

Vigsø, MB, Brincker, R & Georgakis, CT 2019, 'Evaluating the Effect of Modelling Errors in Load Identification Using Classical Identification Methods', Shock and Vibration, vol. 2019, 9490760. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9490760

Lee, A, Krawczel, P, Ternman, EM, Schneider, L, Løvendahl, P & Munksgaard, L 2019, Evaluating the effects of mean occupation rate and milk production on two automatic milking systems. in RC Newberry & BO Braastad (eds), Proceedings of the 53rd Congress of the ISAE: Animal Lives Worth Living. Wageningen Academic Publishers, pp. 302-302, 53rd Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology (ISAE), Bergen, Norway, 05/08/2019. <https://www.applied-ethology.org/ISAE_Meetings.html>

Lee, AR, Krawczel, P, Ternman, EM, Schneider, LG, Løvendahl, P & Munksgaard, L 2019, Evaluating the effects of mean stocking density on automatic milking system use and total milk production in Holstein cows. in Proceedings of the 2nd International Precision Dairy Farming Conference. pp. 71-72, 2nd International Precision Dairy Farming Conference, Rochester, Minnesota, United States, 18/06/2019.

Femminella, GD, Frangou, E, Love, SB, Busza, G, Holmes, C, Ritchie, C, Lawrence, R, McFarlane, B, Tadros, G, Ridha, BH, Bannister, C, Walker, Z, Archer, H, Coulthard, E, Underwood, BR, Prasanna, A, Koranteng, P, Karim, S, Junaid, K, McGuinness, B, Nilforooshan, R, Macharouthu, A, Donaldson, A, Thacker, S, Russell, G, Malik, N, Mate, V, Knight, L, Kshemendran, S, Harrison, J, Brooks, DJ, Passmore, AP, Ballard, C & Edison, P 2019, 'Evaluating the effects of the novel GLP-1 analogue liraglutide in Alzheimer's disease: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (ELAD study)', Trials, vol. 20, no. 1, 191. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-019-3259-x

Zaer, H , GLUD, AN, M. Schneider, B, Lukacova, S , Hansen, KV, R. Adler , J, Høyer, M , Jensen, MB , Hoffman, L, Hansen , R, Worm, ES , Sørensen, JCH & Orlowski, D 2019, 'Evaluating the neuromodulative effects of radiosurgery on the brain tissue', Nordic Neuromodulation Society's 6th Annual Meeting, Aarhus, Denmark, 02/10/2019 - 04/10/2019.

Koganti, T, Van De Vijver, E, J. Allred, B, Greve, MH, Ringgaard, J & Iversen, BV 2019, Evaluating the Performance of a Frequency-Domain Ground Penetrating Radar and Multi-Receiver Electromagnetic Induction Sensor to Map Subsurface Drainage in Agricultural Areas. in KA Sudduth, NR Kitchen & KS Veum (eds), Proceedings of the 5th Global Workshop on Proximal Soil Sensing. Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A, pp. 29-34, The 5th Global Workshop on Proximal Soil Sensing , Columbia, United States, 28/05/2019. <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333508881_Evaluating_the_Performance_of_a_Frequency-Domain_Ground_Penetrating_Radar_and_Multi-Receiver_Electromagnetic_Induction_Sensor_to_Map_Subsurface_Drainage_in_Agricultural_Areas>

Elkjær, E , Mikkelsen, MB & O'Toole, MS 2019, 'Evaluating two indicators of emotion regualtion flexibility', Emotions 2019: 7th International conference on emotions, well-being, and health, Tilburg, Netherlands, 16/10/2019 - 18/10/2019.

Harrison, K 2019, Evaluating Values in Applied Ethnomusicology (reprint). in S Pettan & J Titon (eds), Theory, Method, Sustainability and Conflict. Oxford University Press.

Lassesen, B & Lindberg, AB 2019, Evaluation. Aarhus.

Bührer, S, Reidl, S, Kalpazidou Schmidt, E, Palmen, R, Striebing, C & Groo, D 2019, 'Evaluation framework for promoting gender equality in research and innovation: How does gender equality influence research and innovation outcomes and what implications can be derived for suitable evaluation approaches?', Journal for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, no. 47, pp. 140-145. https://doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2019.332

Perez, CT & Bastos Costa, D 2019, EVALUATION OF 4D BIM USE TO REDUCE TRANSPORTATION WASTE IN CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTION PROCESSES. in XI SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE GESTÃO E ECONOMIA DA CONSTRUÇÃO VIII ENCUENTRO LATINOAME’RICANO DE GESTIÓN Y ECONOMÍA DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN. XI SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE GESTÃO E ECONOMIA DA CONSTRUÇÃO. VIII ENCUENTRO LATINOAME’RICANO DE GESTIÓN Y ECONOMÍA DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN, Parana, Brazil, 23/10/2019. <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336926848_EVALUATION_OF_4D_BIM_USE_TO_REDUCE_TRANSPORTATION_WASTE_IN_CONSTRUCTION_PRODUCTION_PROCESSES>

Hansen, LE & Degn, H-P 2019, 'Evaluation of Aarhus as European Capital of Culture 2017', Nordic Conference of Cultural Policy Research, Iceland, 28/08/2019 - 30/08/2019.

Finderup, J , Dam Jensen, J & Lomborg, K 2019, 'Evaluation of a shared decision-making intervention for dialysis choice at four Danish hospitals: A qualitative study of patient perspective', BMJ Open, vol. 9, no. 10, e029090. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029090

Ljungkvist, M, Strandberg, K, Berntorp, E, Chaireti, R, Holme, PA, Larsen, OH, Lassila, R, Jouppila, A, Szanto, T & Zetterberg, E 2019, 'Evaluation of a standardized protocol for thrombin generation using the calibrated automated thrombogram: A Nordic study', Haemophilia, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 334-342. https://doi.org/10.1111/hae.13640

Thuesen, N, Kirkegaard, PH & Jensen, RL 2019, Evaluation of BIM and Ecotect for conceptual architectural design analysis. in W Tizani (ed.), EG-ICE 2010 - 17th International Workshop on Intelligent Computing in Engineering. University of Nottingham, 17th International Workshop on Intelligent Computing in Engineering, EG-ICE 2010, Nottingham, United Kingdom, 30/06/2010.

da Silva, VH, Soares-Sobrinho, JL, Pereira, CF & Rinnan, Å 2019, 'Evaluation of chemometric approaches for polymorphs quantification in tablets using near-infrared hyperspectral images', European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, vol. 134, pp. 20-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.11.007

Shahavi, MH, Hosseini, M, Jahanshahi, M, Meyer, RL & Darzi, GN 2019, 'Evaluation of critical parameters for preparation of stable clove oil nanoemulsion', Arabian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 3225-3230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.08.024

Berenji Ardestani, S, Balestra3, C, Bouzinova, E, Loennechen, Ø & Pedersen, M 2019, 'Evaluation of Divers’ Neuropsychometric Effectiveness and High-Pressure Neurological Syndrome via Computerized Test Battery Package and Questionnaires in Operational Setting', Frontiers in Physiology, vol. 10, 1386. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01386

Real, CC, Doorduin, J, Kopschina Feltes, P, Vállez García, D, de Paula Faria, D, Britto, LR & de Vries, EFJ 2019, 'Evaluation of exercise-induced modulation of glial activation and dopaminergic damage in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease using [¹¹C]PBR28 and [¹⁸F]FDOPA PET', Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 989-1004. https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X17750351

Kirkegaard, ML , Madsen, MN , Klebe, TM , Linnebjerg, CL , Due, SJ , Villumsen, SMR , Trøstrup, J, Birk, HO & Mikkelsen, LR 2019, Evaluation Of Extended Scope Physiotherapists In An Orthopedic Outpatient Shoulder Clinic. in 20th EFORT Lisbon 2019 Scientific Programme. 20th Congress of the European Federation of National Associations of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (EFORT), 05/06/2019.

Bikker, P, Kreis, A, Oberholzer, T, Royer, E & Knudsen, KEB 2019, Evaluation of fractionation as a method to improve the nutritional value of rapeseed meal. in ML Chizzotti (ed.), Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition. vol. 138, Wageningen Academic Publishers, EAAP scientific series, vol. 138, pp. 191-193. https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_34

Graversen, EK , Kladakis, A , Schneider, JW & Sørensen, MP 2019, Evaluation of Funding Practices at Östersjöstiftelsen. The Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy, Aarhus. <https://ostersjostiftelsen.se/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/report-evaluation-of-funding-practices-at-ostersjostiftelsen-1.pdf>

Baykara, M, Im, U & Unal, A 2019, 'Evaluation of impact of residential heating on air quality of megacity Istanbul by CMAQ', Science of the Total Environment, vol. 651, no. 2, pp. 1688-1697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.091

Loghmani, F, Jones, C & Hertel, O 2019, 'Evaluation of Indoor Air Pollution in Urban Homes: A Case Study from Isfahan, Iran', Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering, vol. 9, no. 3, 1000337. <https://www.hilarispublisher.com/open-access/evaluation-of-indoor-air-pollution-in-urban-homes-a-case-study-from-isfahan-iran.pdf>

Galiullin, TM, Pokhvishcheva, NV, Kalinichev, AV & Peshkova, MA 2019, 'Evaluation of Ionic Liquids Based on Amino Acid Anions for Use in Liquid-junction Free Reference Electrodes', Electroanalysis, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 1708-1718. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201900125

Dreier, JW , Li, J , Sun, Y & Christensen, J 2019, 'Evaluation of Long-term Risk of Epilepsy, Psychiatric Disorders, and Mortality Among Children With Recurrent Febrile Seizures: A National Cohort Study in Denmark', JAMA Pediatrics, vol. 173, no. 12, pp. 1164-1170. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3343

Benaouda, M, Martin, C, Li, X, Kebreab, E, Hristov, AN, Yu, Z, Yáñez-Ruiz, DR, Reynolds, CK, Crompton, LA, Dijkstra, J, Bannink, A, Schwarm, A, Kreuzer, M, McGee, M, Lund, P , Hellwing, ALF , Weisbjerg, MR, Moate, PJ, Bayat, AR, Shingfield, KJ, Peiren, N & Eugène, MA 2019, Evaluation of mathematical models to predict methane emissions from ruminants under different dietary mitigation strategies. in A Berndt, LGP Ribeiro & AL Abdalla (eds), Proceedings of the 7th GGAA. Embrapa Southeast Livestock, São Carlos, pp. 85-86, Greenhouse Gas and Animal Agriculture Conference, Iguassu Falls, Brazil, 04/08/2019. <http://www.ggaa2019.org/sites/default/files/proceedings-ggaa2019.pdf>

Rehman, HU , Pouladi, N , Pulido Moncada, MA , de Jonge, LW & Arthur, E 2019, 'Evaluation of Measurement Methods for the Atterberg Limits of Fine-Grained Soils', 2018 - 2019 SSSA International Soils Meeting , San Diego, United States, 06/01/2019 - 09/01/2019. <https://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2019sssa/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/115486>

Venkataraman, AV, Mansur, A, Huiban, M, Passchier, J, Rowe, JB, Tsukada, H, Brooks, D, Gunn, RN, Matthews, PM, Rabiner, EA & MINDMAPS Consortium 2019, 'Evaluation of mitochondrial and synaptic function in Alzheimer's disease (AD): a [F-18]BCPP-EF, [C-11]SA4503 and [C-11]UCB-J PET study', Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, vol. 39, no. Suppl. 1, pp. 121-122.

Slavensky, H 2019, Evaluation of new learning spaces for mixed on-campus and online students. in J Bennedsen, AB Lauritsen, K Edström, N Kuptasthien, J Roslöf & R Songer (eds), The 15th International CDIO Conference: Proceedings – Full Papers. AU Library Scholarly Publishing Services, Aarhus, pp. 591-602, 15th International CDIO Conference at Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, 25/06/2019. https://doi.org/10.7146/aul.347

Kotlar, AM, Iversen, BV & de Jong van Lier, Q 2019, 'Evaluation of parametric and nonparametric machine-learning techniques for prediction of saturated and near-saturated hydraulic conductivity', Vadose Zone Journal, vol. 18, no. 1, 180141. https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2018.07.0141

Does, MD, Olesen, JL, Harkins, KD, Serradas-Duarte, T, Gochberg, DF, Jespersen, SN & Shemesh, N 2019, 'Evaluation of principal component analysis image denoising on multi-exponential MRI relaxometry', Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol. 81, no. 6, pp. 3503-3514. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.27658

Neppl, S, Landry, G, Kurz, C, Hansen, DC, Hoyle, B, Stöcklein, S, Seidensticker, M, Weller, J, Belka, C, Parodi, K & Kamp, F 2019, 'Evaluation of proton and photon dose distributions recalculated on 2D and 3D Unet-generated pseudoCTs from T1-weighted MR head scans', Acta Oncologica, vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 1429-1434. https://doi.org/10.1080/0284186X.2019.1630754

Friis, JE , Subbiahdoss, G, Gerved, G, Holm, AH, Santos, O, Blichfeld, AB, Moghaddam, SZ, Thormann, E, Daasbjerg, K , Iruthayaraj, J & Meyer, RL 2019, 'Evaluation of Surface-initiated Polymer brush as Anti-scaling Coating for Plate Heat Exchangers', Progress in Organic Coatings, vol. 136, 105196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2019.06.042

Tirado-Conde, J, Engesgaard, P, Karan, S, Müller, S & Duque, C 2019, 'Evaluation of temperature profiling and seepage meter methods for quantifying submarine groundwater discharge to coastal lagoons: Impacts of saltwater intrusion and the associated thermal regime', Water (Switzerland), vol. 11, no. 8, 1648. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11081648

López-Blanco, E, Exbrayat, JF, Lund, M , Christensen, TR , Tamstorf, MP, Slevin, D, Hugelius, G, Bloom, AA & Williams, M 2019, 'Evaluation of terrestrial pan-Arctic carbon cycling using a data-assimilation system', Earth System Dynamics, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 233-255. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-10-233-2019

Chiang, C, Chung, M-T, Shih, T-W, Chan, T-Y, Yamaguchi, A & Wang, C-H 2019, 'Evaluation of the Ba-137 mass-marking technique and potential effects in the early life history stages of Sepioteuthis lessoniana', Marine and Freshwater Research, vol. 70, no. 12, pp. 1698-1707. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF18325

Davidsen, RS, Hemanth, S, Keller, SS, Bek, T & Hansen, O 2019, 'Evaluation of the capacitive behavior of 3D carbon electrodes for sub-retinal photovoltaic prosthesis', Micro and Nano Engineering, vol. 2, pp. 110-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mne.2019.02.003

Benaouda, M, Martin, C, Li, X, Kebreab, E, Hristov, AN, Yu, Z, Yáñez-Ruiz, DR, Reynolds, CK, Crompton, LA, Dijkstra, J, Bannink, A, Schwarm, A, Kreuzer, M, McGee, M, Lund, P , Hellwing, ALF , Weisbjerg, MR, Moate, PJ, Bayat, AR, Shingfield, KJ, Peiren, N & Eugène, M 2019, 'Evaluation of the performance of existing mathematical models predicting enteric methane emissions from ruminants: Animal categories and dietary mitigation strategies', Animal Feed Science and Technology, vol. 255, 114207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114207

Dam Otten, N, Toft, N, Thomsen, PT & Houe, H 2019, 'Evaluation of the performance of register data as indicators for dairy herds with high lameness prevalence', Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica , vol. 61, no. 1, 49. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-019-0484-y

Kumar, A, Brandt, J , Ketzel, M, Patil, RS, Dikshit, AK & Hertel, O 2019, 'Evaluation of the Urban Background Model (UBM) and AERMOD for Mumbai City', Environmental Modeling & Assessment, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 75-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10666-018-9607-5

Degn, H-P 2019, 'Evaluering af kultur: Præsentation og diskussion af den forskningsbaserede evaluering af Aarhus 2017.', Paper presented at Dansk Evalueringsselskabs Årskonference 2019, Kolding, Denmark, 04/09/2019 - 06/09/2019.

Andersen, SC , Andreassen, LM , Harrits, GS , Hvidman, U , Kristensen, MV & Munkedal, S 2019, Evaluering af skolepuljen: 1. midtvejsrapport. <https://childresearch.au.dk/fileadmin/childresearch/dokumenter/Publikationer/Evaluering_af_skolepuljen_-_1._midtvejsrapport_-_05-03-2019.pdf>

Rosholm, M , Vind, BD , Laursen, NB , Lomholt, JJ & Nielsen, SA 2019, Evaluering af skolerettede og skoleunderstøttende indsatser i projekt "Styrket faglighed blandt udsatte børn i folkeskolen". <https://childresearch.au.dk/fileadmin/childresearch/dokumenter/Publikationer/Styrket_faglighed_Faerdig_rapport_tilgaengelig_25032020.pdf>

Rosholm, M & Vind, BD 2019, Evaluering af to skolerettede og to skoleunderstøttende indsatser målrettet udsatte børn. <https://childresearch.au.dk/fileadmin/childresearch/dokumenter/Publikationer/Styrket_faglighed_Faerdigt_praksisrettet_resume_tilgaengelig.pdf>

Graversgaard, M , Thorsøe, MH & Dalgaard, T 2019, Evaluering af vandrådsarbejdet 2017 om kvalificering af afgrænsning og udpegning af vandløb. DCA rapport, no. 153, DCA - Nationalt Center for Fødevarer og Jordbrug. <http://web.agrsci.dk/djfpublikation/index.asp?action=show&id=1299>

Levin, G 2019, 'Evaluering af vedligehold af § 3-registreringen', Notat fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi (2011-2019). <http://dce.au.dk/fileadmin/dce.au.dk/Udgivelser/Notater_2019/Evaluering____3_registreringen.pdf>

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