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Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Hasler, B 2003, 'Landbrug, naturforvaltning og markedssløsninger', SØM- samfund og miljø: Miljøets regulering, vol. 56, pp. 9-11. <http://www.smp.au.dk>
Jensen, HJL, Jensen, HJL (ed.) & Holt, EK (ed.) 2003, Landet og personen. To teologiske strømninger i Det Gamle Testamente: To teologiske strømninger i Det Gamle Testamente. in Mellem tekster. Festskrift til Kirsten Nielsen. Forlaget Anis, København, pp. 105-121.
Larsen, NK, Piotrowski, JA & Christoffersen, P 2003, 'Landforms associated with glacier surge: Elisebreen, NW Spitsbergen', Paper presented at 33rd Annual Arctic Workshop, 3-5 April 2003, Tromsø, Norway, 17/12/2010.
Poulsen, B 2003, Land Mobility in Late Medieval Denmark. in S Cavaciocchi (ed.), Il Mercato delle Terra Secc. XIII-XVIII: Instituto Internazionale di storia Economica "F Datini", Prato, Serie II, Atti di Studi, 35. vol. 35, Le Monnier, pp. 623-635.
Grant, R, Blicher-Mathiesen, G, Pedersen, ML, Jensen, PG, Pedersen, M & Rasmussen, P 2003, Landovervågningsoplande 2002: NOVA 2003. Faglig rapport fra DMU, vol. 468, Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser, Aarhus Universitet. <http://www.dmu.dk/1_viden/2_Publikationer/3_fagrapporter/rapporter/FR468.PDF>
Pedersen, BF 2003, Land parcel identification system (LPIS) implementation in Lithuania. in Proc. 30th Int. Symp. on Remote Sensing of Environment. Paper PS V-28. Land parcel identification system (LPIS) implementation in Lithuania, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States, 18/12/2010.
Rasch, M, Søndergaard, JE, Hinkler, J, Meltofte, H, Sigsgaard, C, Caning, K (ed.) & Rasch, M (ed.) 2003, Landscape monitoring. in K Caning & M Rasch (eds), Zackenberg Ecological Research Operations, 7th Annual Report, 2001. Danish Polar Center, pp. 17-21.
Jørgensen, D 2003, Landskabets stemme - Til den lydhøre videnskabs pris. in IA Olsen (ed.), Landskab og landskabsarkitektur - En antologi om tidens tanker. Biofolia, Roskilde, pp. 11-35.
Levin, G 2003, 'Land use development under conditions of easy market access in a mountainous environment of the Ecuadorian Andes', Local land use strategies in a globalizing world, Copenhagen, Denmark, 21/08/2003 - 23/08/2003.
Holmen, A & Risager, K 2003, 'Language and culture teaching. Foreign languages and Danish as a second language', International Journal of the Sociology of Language, vol. 2003, no. 159.
Lauridsen, KM 2003, 'Languages and the Workplace', Paper presented at Language learning & Linguistic Diversity, 10/04/2003 - 10/04/2003.
McGregor, W 2003, 'Language shift among the Nyulnyul of Dampier Land', Acta Linguistica Hafniensia: International Journal of Linguistics , vol. 35, pp. 115-159.
Sambou, B, Lykke, AM, Wardell, DA (ed.), Reenberg, A (ed.) & Olsen, HHR (ed.) 2003, 'La problematique de l'implication des collectivites locales dans la gestion des reserves forestieres au Senegal', Paper presented at Proceedings from the SEREIN-PETREA workshop, September 12, 2003, 17/12/2010.
Kemp, P 2003, La question de la technique selon Heidegger. in Les philosophes et la technique. Vrin, Paris.
Prezado, Y, Bergmann, UC, Borge, MJG, Cederkäll, J, Diget, CA, Fraile, LM, Fynbo, HOU, Jeppesen, H, Jonson, B, Meister, M, Nilsson, T, Nyman, G, Riisager, KV, Tengblad, O, Weissmann, L & Wilhelmsen Rolander, K 2003, 'Large asymmetry in the strongest β-transition for A = 9', Physics Letters B, vol. 576, pp. 55-61.
Poulin, R & Mouritsen, KN 2003, 'Large-scale determinants of trematode infections in intertidal gastropods', Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol. 254, pp. 187-198.
Auken, E, Jørgensen, F & Sørensen, KI 2003, 'Large-scale TEM investigation for groundwater', Exploration Geophysics, vol. 33, pp. 188-194.
Auken, E & Sørensen, KI 2003, 'Large-scale TEM investigation for groundwater', Paper presented at 16th Geophysical Conference and Exhibition of the Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists (ASEG), Adelaide, 17/12/2010.
Alm, M 2003, 'Lars Olsson & Sune Åkerman (red.), Hembygden och världen. Festskrift till Ulf Beijbom', Scandia: Tidskrift för historisk forskning, no. 2, pp. 297-299.
Løvschall, H 2003, Lasers in dentistry: Tales and evidence. in L Schou (ed.), Nordic Dentistry 2003 Yearbook. Quintessence Publishing, København, pp. 63-79.
Barfod, A 2003, 'La signification des fleurs de palmiers', Le Palmier, vol. 34, pp. 4-8.
Sørensen, KE, Uldbjerg, N, Levitt, G, Dorup, I, Bull, C & Sullivan, IE 2003, 'Late anthracycline cardiotoxicity after childhood cancer: A prospective longitudinal study', Cancer, vol. 97, pp. 1991-1998.
Hannukkala, A, Hansen, JG, Hermansen, A, Andersson, B & Bødker, L 2003, Late blight epidemiology and warning systems in the Nordic contries. in Nordic Agriculture in Global Perspektive. pp. 5-5, NJF Congress, Turku, Finland, 18/12/2010.
Jónsdóttir, HBB, Knudsen, KL, Abrantes, F, Eiríksson, J, Ferreira, A, Gil, IM, Lebreiro, S & Rodrigues, T 2003, Late Holocene climate variability in the Tagus Prodelta, Portugal: benthic foraminiferal perspective. in Ciéncias da terra. pp. 0-0, VI Congresso Nacional de Geologia, June 4.-6. Monte da Caparica, Lisboa, Portugal, 17/12/2010.
Jónsdóttir, HBB, Knudsen, KL, Abrantes, F & Eiríksson, J 2003, Late Holocene climate variability on the western Iberian Margin: benthic foraminiferal perspective. in Newsletter of Micropalaeontology. pp. 0-0, TMS foraminifera Group, Spring Meeting, April, 25.-26., Kiel Germany, 17/12/2010.
Eiríksson, J, Knudsen, KL & Jiang, H 2003, 'Late Holocene oceanographic variability north of Iceland reflected by sedimentological parameters and diatom based sea-surface temperature reconstructions', Paper presented at IMAGES Holocene Working Group, Workshop, August, 27.-30., Hafslo, Sognefjord - Western Norway, 17/12/2010.
Knudsen, KL, Eiríksson, J, Rytter, F, Jiang, H & Jónsdóttir, HB 2003, 'Late Holocene palaeoceanographic variability in the south-western part of the Nordic Seas based on foraminifera, diatoms, and sedimentation on the North Icelandic shelf', Paper presented at EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, April, 6.-11., Nice, France, 17/12/2010.
Gudmundsdóttir, ER, Eiríksson, J, Larsen, G & Knudsen, KL 2003, 'Late Holocene sedimentation and tephrochronology in the marine Skjálfandadjúp basin, Tjörnes Fracture Zone, North Iceland', Paper presented at April 3.-5., Tromsø, Norway, 17/12/2010.
Curcoy, A, Olsen, RK, Ribes, A, Trenchs, V, Vilaseca, MA, Campistol, J, Osorio, JH, Andresen, BS & Gregersen, N 2003, 'Late onset form of beta-electron transfer flavoprotein deficiency', Mol. Genet. Metab., no. 78, pp. 247-249.
Curcoy, A, Olsen, RK, Ribes, A, Trenchs, V, Vilaseca, MA, Campistol, J, Osorio, JH, Andresen, BS & Gregersen, N 2003, 'Late-onset form of beta-electron transfer flavoprotein deficiency', Mol. Genet. Metab., no. 78, pp. 247-249.
Curcoy, A, Olsen, RKJ, Ribes, A, Trenchs, V, Vilaseca, MA, Campistol, J, Osorio, JH, Andresen, BS & Gregersen, N 2003, 'Late-onset form of beta-electron transfer flavoprotein deficiency.', Molecular Genetics and Metabolism, vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 247-9.
Kuijpers, A, Troelstra, SR, Prins, MA, Linthout, K, Akhmetshanov, A, Buryak, S, Bachmann, MF, Lassen, S, Rasmussen, S & Jensen, JB 2003, 'Late Quaternary sedimentary processes and ocean circulationchanges at the Southeast Greenland Margin', Marine Geology, vol. 195, pp. 109-129.
Rasmussen, HN, Soerensen, S & Andersen, L 2003, 'Lateral bud and shoot removal affects leader growth in Abies nordmanniana', Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 127-132. <http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a718868503~db=all~order=page>
Abrantes, F, Lebreiro, S, Ferreira, A, Gil, I, Jónsdóttir, H, Rodrigues, T, Kissel, C & Grimalt, J 2003, 'Latest Holocene Climate Variability revealed by a high-resolution multiple Proxy Record off Lisboa (Portugal)', Paper presented at EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, April 6.-11., Nice, France, 17/12/2010.
Adhya, P, Chaudhuri, DR & Hannestad, S 2003, 'Late-time entropy production from scalar decay and relic neutrino temperature', Physical Review D, vol. 68, no. 083519.
Rasmusen, TL, Thomsen, E, Kuijpers, A & Vastegård, S 2003, 'Late warming and early cooling of the sea surface in the Nordic seas during MIS 5e (Eemian Interglacial)', Quaternary Science Review, vol. 22, pp. 809-821.
Søndergaard, MKB, Pallisgaard, L, Knudsen, K-L & Eiríksson, J 2003, 'Late Weichselian and Early Holocene oceanographic changes off North Iceland', Paper presented at The 33th Annual Arctic Workshop, April 3.-5., Tromsø, Norway, 17/12/2010.
Slotved, HC, Elliott, J, Thompson, T & Konradsen, HB 2003, 'Latex assay for serotyping of group B Streptococcus isolates', Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol. 41, no. 9, pp. 4445-4447. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.9.4445-4447.2003
Slowikowski, W 2003 'Laurent Expansions for Vertex Operators' Department of Mathematical Sciences , University of Aarhus, Århus.
Hoffmann, CC, Jacobsen, OS, Nielsen, L, Debosz, K, Hald, AB, Hald, AB (ed.), Hoffmann, CC (ed.) & Nielsen, L (ed.) 2003, Lavbundsarealerne ved Fussingø. in DJF rapport - Markbrug. Danmarks Jordbrugsforskning, DJF rapport, markbrug, vol. 91, pp. 15-27.