Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Ottosen, C-O , Zhou, R & Hyldgaard, B 2015, Screening for chilling tolerance in Soya and broad bean. in Book of abstract "COST FA1306". pp. 43, COST FA1306 "The quest for tolerant varieties - Phenotyping at plant and cellular level", Gatersleben, Germany, 22/06/2015.

Bull, KS, Liossi, C, Peacock, JL, Yuen, HM & Kennedy, CR 2015, 'Screening for cognitive deficits in 8 to 14-year old children with cerebellar tumors using self-repor t measures of executive and behavioral func tioning and health-related quality of life', Neuro-Oncology, vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 1628-1636. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/nov129

Topbjerg, HB, Kaminski, KP , Sørensen, KK, Nielsen, KL, Kirk, HG, Andersen, MN & Liu, F 2015, 'Screening for intrinsic water use efficiency in a potato dihaploid mapping population under progressive drought conditions', Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil & Plant Science, vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 400-411. https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2015.1015439

Rackauskaite, G, Bilenberg, N, Bech, BH, Uldall, P & Østergaard, JR 2015, 'Screening for psychopathology in a national cohort of 8- to 15-year-old children with cerebral palsy', Research in Developmental Disabilities, vol. 49-50, pp. 171-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2015.11.019

Mathiassen, SK 2015, Screening of new adjuvants for herbicides. in LN Jørgensen, BJ Nielsen, PK Jensen, P Kudsk, SK Mathiassen, P Hartvig & M Kristensen (eds), Applied Crop Protection 2014. DCA - Nationalt Center for Fødevarer og Jordbrug, DCA rapport, no. 058, pp. 135-137. <http://web.agrsci.dk/djfpublikation/index.asp?action=show&id=1197>

Larsen, MB , Langagergaard, V , Larsson, H , Mikkelsen, EM & Andersen, B 2015, 'Screeningsmammografikan være en hurtig og effektiv udredning for brystkræft hos asymptomatiske kvinder', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 177, no. 14, V03140159.

Andersen, HE & Larsen, KV 2015, 'Sculpting with people - An experiential learning technique', Nurse Education in Practice, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 556-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2015.07.014

Norkko, J, Gammal, J, Hewitt, JE, Josefson, AB , Carstensen, J & Norkko, A 2015, 'Seafloor ecosystem function relationships: In situ patterns of change across gradients of increasing hypoxic stress', Ecosystems, vol. 18, pp. 1424-1439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-015-9909-2

Mazarrasa, I, Marbà, N, Lovelock, CE, Serrano, O, Lavery, P, Fourqurean, JW, Kennedy, H, Mateo, MA, Krause-Jensen, D, Steven, ADL & Duarte, CM 2015, 'Seagrass meadows as a globally significant carbonate reservoir', Biogeosciences, vol. 12, pp. 4993-5003. https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-4107-2015

Marino, S, Gonzalez-Gaitan, S, Förster, F, Folatelli, G, Hamuy, M & Hsiao, YCE 2015, 'SEARCHING FOR LIGHT ECHOES DUE TO CIRCUMSTELLAR MATTER IN SNe Ia SPECTRA', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 806, no. 1, 134. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/806/1/134

Bøggild, A 2015, 'Searching for structures supporting electrogenic sulfur oxidation', EMBO Workshop on Microbial Sulfur Metabolism, Helsingør, Denmark, 12/04/2015 - 15/04/2015.

Fast, T , Axelsen, JA , Lynegaard, GK, Mwatawala, M & Offenberg, J 2015, 'Search rate and functional response of an eusocial insect (Oecophylla longinoda) in a Tanzanian mango orchard', Psyche, vol. 2015, 817251. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/817251

Barfod, AS , Balhara, M, Dransfield, J & Balslev, H 2015, 'SE Asian Palms for Agroforestry and Home Gardens', Forests, vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 4607-4616. https://doi.org/10.3390/f6124389

Ismael, AIS, Strandberg, E, Berglund, B & Løvendahl, P 2015, Season affects expression and hertability of in-line recorded estrus traits in Danish Holstein. in Book of Abstract of the 66th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science. vol. 21, Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, EAAP Book of Abstracts, pp. 215-215, 66th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science, Warsaw, Poland, 31/08/2015. https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-816-2

Qi, X, Wu, S, Wang, Z, Zuo, Z & Dong, R 2015, 'Seasonal and daily emissions of methane and carbon dioxide from a pig wastewater storage system and the use of artificial vermiculite crusts', Biosystems Engineering, vol. 131, pp. 15-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2014.12.009

Juul-Pedersen, T, Arendt, K, Mortensen, J, Blicher, M, Schrøder, DS & Rysgaard, S 2015, 'Seasonal and interannual phytoplankton production in a sub-arctic fjord (Godthåbsfjord) connected to the Greenland Ice Sheet', Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol. 524, pp. 27-38. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11174

Juul-Pedersen, T, Arendt, K, Mortensen, J, Blicher, M, Søgaard, D & Rysgaard, S 2015, 'Seasonal and interannual phytoplankton production in a sub-arctic tidewater outlet glacier fjord, west Greenland', Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol. 524, pp. 27-38. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11174

Sørensen, HL, Meire, L , Juul-Pedersen, T, De Stigter, HC, Meysman, FJR, Rysgaard, S, Thamdrup, B & Glud, RN 2015, 'Seasonal carbon cycling in a Greenlandic fjord: An integrated pelagic and benthic study', Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol. 539, pp. 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11503

Proietti, T & Hillebrand, E 2015 'Seasonal Changes in Central England Temperatures' CREATES Research Paper, no. 2015-28, Institut for Økonomi, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus.

Brighenti, LS, Stæhr, PA, Gagliardi, LM, Brandão, LPM, Elias, EC, Santos, NA, de Mello, T, Barbosa, FAR & Bezerra-Neto, JF 2015, 'Seasonal changes in metabolic rates of two tropical lakes in the Atlantic forest of Brazil', Ecosystems, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 589-604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-015-9851-3

Kádár, F, Fazekas, JP, Sárospataki, M & Lövei, G 2015, 'Seasonal dynamics, age structure and reproduction of four Carabus species (Coleoptera: Carabidae) living in forested landscapes in Hungary', Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 57-72. https://doi.org/10.17109/AZH.61.1.57.2015

Gut, S, Chervet, A, Stettler, M, Weisskopf, P, Sturney, WG, Lamandé, M , Schjønning, P & Keller, T 2015, 'Seasonal dynamics in wheel load-carrying capacity of a loam soil in the Swiss Plateau', Soil Use and Management, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 132-141. https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12148

Becagli, S, Massling, A , Nielsen, IE & Skov, H 2015, 'Seasonal evolution and neutralization processes of anthropic sulfate at 3 Arctic sites: Ny Ålesund (Svalbard IslandS),tation Nord, and Thule (Greenland)', European Aerosol Conference 2015, Milan, Italy, 06/09/2015 - 11/12/2015.

Laruelle, GG, Lauerwald, R, Rotschi, J, Raymond, PA, Hartmann, J & Regnier, P 2015, 'Seasonal response of air-water CO2 exchange along the land-ocean aquatic continuum of the northeast North American coast.', Biogeosciences, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 1447-1458. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1447-2015

Poulsen, NA , Rybicka, I , Poulsen, HD , Larsen, LB , K. Andersen, K & Larsen, MK 2015, 'Seasonal variation in content of riboflavin and major minerals in bulk milk from three Danish dairies', International Dairy Journal, vol. 42, pp. 6-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.10.010

Nürnberg, D, Böschen, T, Doering, K, Mollier-Vogel, E, Raddatz, J & Schneider, R 2015, 'Sea surface and subsurface circulation dynamics off equatorial Peru during the last ∼17 kyr', Paleoceanography, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 984-999. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014PA002706

Meier, SM , Petersen, L , Mattheisen, M , Mors, O , Mortensen, PB & Laursen, TM 2015, 'Secondary depression in severe anxiety disorders: a population-based cohort study in Denmark', The Lancet, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 515-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00092-9

Grantzau, T & Overgaard, J 2015, 'Second cancers after radiotherapy for early breast cancer', Radiotherapy & Oncology, vol. 115, no. 3, pp. 432-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2015.06.002

Dumat, B, Bood, M, Wranne, MS, Lawson, CP, Larsen, AF, Preus, S, Streling, J, Graden, H, Wellner, E, Grøtli, M & Wilhelmsson, LM 2015, 'Second-Generation Fluorescent Quadracyclic Adenine Analogues: Environment-Responsive Probes with Enhanced Brightness', Chemistry: A European Journal, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 4039-4048. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201405759

Cisek, R, Tokarz, D, Steup, M, Tetlow, IJ, Emes, MJ, Hebelstrup, K, Blennow, A & Barzda, V 2015, 'Second harmonic generation microscopy investigation of the crystalline ultrastructure of three barley starch lines affected by hydration', Biomedical Optics Express, vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 3694-3700. https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.6.003694

Wright, S & Balaban, C (eds) 2015 'Secondments and Ethnographic Research in Organisations' UNIKE Notes on Doctoral Education. <https://unike.au.dk/fileadmin/www.unike.au.dk/Publications/UNIKE_Notes_on_Doctoral_Education_No._2.pdf>

Petersen, IK & Frederiksen, M 2015, 'Second opinion on Sejerøbugten and Smålandsfarvandet EIA’s and Appropriate Assessments', 11 p., Notat fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi (2011-2019).

Madsen, CK, Vlcko, T, Bekalu, ZE , Dionisio, G & Brinch-Pedersen, H 2015, Secreted expression libraries of plant proteomes. in Plant Biotech Denmark Annual meeting 2015. pp. 47, Plant Biotech Denmark Annual Meeting 2015, København , Denmark, 28/01/2015.

Nielsen, SD , Jessen, R , Dalsgaard, TK & Young, JF 2015, 'Secretion of angiopoietin-like 4 protein from intestinal cells', Functional Foods in Health and Disease, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 57-66. <http://functionalfoodscenter.net/the-journal-of-ffhd.html>

Hansen, EP, Kringel, H, Williams, AR & Nejsum, P 2015, 'Secretion of RNA-Containing Extracellular Vesicles by the Porcine Whipworm, Trichuris suis', Journal of Parasitology, vol. 101, no. 3, pp. 336-40. https://doi.org/10.1645/14-714.1

Nielsen, JI 2015, 'Secrets Pages in DR’s Playbook: the development of audiovisual style in DR series from Gøngehøvdingen (1992) to 1864 (2014)', Paper presented at NordMedia 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark, 13/08/2015 - 15/08/2015.

Cramer, R, Damgård, IB & Nielsen, JB 2015, Secure Multiparty Computation and Secret Sharing. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Friis, S 2015, 'Securing Development: The Conceptual Entanglement of Security and Development in Scandinavia', Paper presented at ECPR , Montreal, Canada, 26/08/2015 - 29/08/2015.

Enevold, R & Odgaard, BV 2015, 'Securing maximum diversity of Non Pollen Palynomorphs in palynological samples'.

Nazari Talooki, V, Bassoli, R, Lucani Rötter, DE, Rodriguez, J, Fitzek, FHP, Marques, H & Tafazolli, R 2015, 'Security Concerns and Countermeasures in Network Coding Based Communications Systems: A Survey', Computer Networks, vol. 83, pp. 422-445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2015.03.010

Kienzle, B, Martins, BO & Vandemoortele, A 2015, Security Issues in Foreign Policy. in KE Jørgensen, ÅK Aarstad, E Drieskens, K Laatikainen & B Tonra (eds), The SAGE Handbook of European Foreign Policy. vol. 2, SAGE Publications, pp. 805-821.

Giacomelli, I, Olimid, R & Ranellucci, S 2015, Security of Linear Secret-Sharing Schemes Against Mass Surveillance. in M Reiter & D Naccache (eds), Cryptology and Network Security : 14th International Conference, CANS 2015, Marrakesh, Morocco, December 10-12, 2015, Proceedings. vol. 9476, Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 9476, pp. 43-58. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26823-1

Pavlic, A & Haubek, D 2015, Sedative techniques in paediatric dentistry. in A Pavlic & M Sostaric (eds), Prevention of fear and pain in children and adolescents at the dentist's: Textbook of paediatric and preventive dentistry - Selected Chapters. Medicinska Fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubjani, Ljubjani, pp. 39-60.

Mazarrasa, I, Marbà, N, Lovelock, CE, Serrano, O, Lavery, P, Fourqurean, JW, Kennedy, H, Mateo, MA, Krause-Jensen, D, Steven, ADL & Duarte, CM, Sediment inorganic carbon (PIC) deposits in seagrass meadows and adjacent sand-patches, 2015, Dataset, DIGITAL.CSIC.

Nogales, M, Heleno, R, Rumeu, B, A., G-C, Traveset, A, Vargas, P & Olesen, JM 2015, 'Seed-dispersal networks on the Canaries and the Galápagos archipelagos: interaction modules as biogeographical entities', Global Ecology and Biogeography, vol. 25, no. 7. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12315

Boelt, B , Olesen, MH , Abel, S & Gislum, R 2015, Seed set and seed development in perennial ryegrass and the effects on seed quality. in MP Rolston & YR Wang (eds), The 8th International Herbage Seed Conference. Proceedings & Abstracts. pp. 129, The 8th International Herbage Seed Conference, Lanzhou, China, 21/06/2015.

Elmgreen, SB 2015, 'Seeing dystonia in a new light: Implementing a new classification scheme in a tertiary movement disorders clinic', Dys-Spas-Bot 2015, 28/05/2015 - 31/05/2015.

Mellentin, AI, Dervisevic, A, Stenager, E, Pilegaard, M & Kirk, U 2015, 'Seeing enemies? A systematic review of anger bias in the perception of facial expressions among anger-prone and aggressive populations.', Aggression and Violent Behavior, vol. 25, Volume 25, pp. 273-283.

Bak-Sørensen, C, Nielsen, TK & Graumann, O 2015, 'Segmental Testicular Infarction – is conservative management feasible?', ESUR2015, København, Denmark, 16/09/2015 - 19/09/2015.

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