Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Wang, G, Valldor, M, Siebeneichler, S, Wilk-Kozubek, M, Smetana, V & Mudring, AV 2019, 'Ionothermal Synthesis, Structures, and Magnetism of Three New Open Framework Iron Halide-Phosphates', Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 58, no. 19, pp. 13203-13212. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02028

Damsgaard, C, McGrath, M, Wood, CM, Richards, JG & Brauner, CJ 2019, 'Ion Regulation, Acid/Base Balance and Gas Exchange Interactions in Salmon Across Salinities', The FASEB Journal, vol. 33, no. S1. https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.728.2

Rasmussen, NV & Beliatis, MJ 2019, IoT based digitalization and servitization of construction equipment in concrete industry. in Global IoT Summit, GIoTS 2019 - Proceedings., 8766421, IEEE, 3rd Global IoT Summit, GIoTS 2019, Aarhus, Denmark, 17/06/2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/GIOTS.2019.8766421

Souza, CA, Correa, J, Oliveira jr., M, Aagaard, A & Presser, M 2019, IoT Driven Business Model Innovation and Sustainability: A literature review and a case Study in Brazil. in 2019 Global Iot Summit., 8766371, IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/GIOTS.2019.8766371

Vulpe, A, Kyriazakos, S, Craciunescu, R, Paikan, A, Ziafati, P, Hemmer, A & Badonnel, R 2019, 'IoT Security Approaches in Social Robots for Ambient Assisted Living Scenarios'. https://doi.org/10.1109/WPMC48795.2019.9096127

Riiskjær, E 2019, I patientens fodspor: Gammel i det moderne sundhedsvæsen. Munksgaard , Kbh.

Hansen, JG , Lassen, P & Abuley, IK 2019, IPM2.0: Test of a DSS including information from a trap nursery. in HTAM Schepers (ed.), Proceedings of the seventeenth Euroblight Workshop. Wageningen University, Wageningen, Special Report, no. 19, pp. 105-113, Seventeenth Euroblight Workshop, York, United Kingdom, 12/05/2019. <https://agro.au.dk/fileadmin/euroblight/Workshops/Proceedings/Special_Report_19_Totaal_LR.pdf>

Jørgensen, CS 2019, 'IPNA 2019: Genome-wide association study of nocturnal enuresis identifies risk-loci on chromosome 6 and 13'.

Mozaffari, M 2019, Iran's foreign policy. in T Inoguchi (ed.), The SAGE handbook of Asian foreign policy, volume 2. SAGE Publications, London, pp. 919-938.

Robin-D'Cruz, B 2019, Iraq. in The Armed Conflict Survey 2019: The worldwide review of political, military and humanitarian trends in current conflicts. Routledge, Abingdon, pp. 165-174. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003008699

Christensen, JG & Mortensen, PB 2019, 'I rationalitetens navn. En analyse af reformerne af den danske skatteforvaltning', Økonomi og Politik, vol. 92, no. 2, pp. 48-63. <https://xn--konomiogpolitik-4tb.dk/files/2019/2_2019/2_2019_5.pdf>

McDonough, C 2019, 'Ireland and Denmark are specially to be named': The connections between irish and Danish antiquarians in the nineteenth century. in Ireland and the North. Peter Lang, pp. 17-39.

Barber, F, Hansson, H & McQuaid, SD (eds) 2019, Ireland and the North. Reimagining Ireland, no. 91, Peter Lang, Oxford.

Munkholm, NV & Lund-Sørensen, A 2019, iRel project: Report 1: STATE OF THE ART ON DIGITAL WORK AND NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS FRAMEWORK. Denmark: National report on industrial relations in Denmark. in I-Rel. Smarter industrial relations to address new technological challenges in the world of work: I-Rel. Smarter industrial relations to address new technological challenges in the world of work. <https://irel.fmb.unimore.it/download/report_denmark/>

Mogensen, TH 2019, 'IRF and STAT transcription factors - From basic biology to roles in infection, protective immunity, and primary immunodeficiencies', Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 9, 3047. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.03047

Bizzotto, F, Quinson, J, Zana, A, Kirkensaard, JJK, Dworzak, A, Oezaslan, M & Arenz, M 2019, 'Ir nanoparticles with ultrahigh dispersion as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts: synthesis and activity benchmarking', Catalysis Science & Technology, vol. 9, no. 22, pp. 6345-6356. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cy01728c

Findlay, AJ, Estes, ER, Gartman, A, Yücel, M, Kamyshny, A & Luther, GW 2019, 'Iron and sulfide nanoparticle formation and transport in nascent hydrothermal vent plumes', Nature Communications, vol. 10, no. 1, 1597. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09580-5

Hahn, KA, Wesselink, AK, Wise, LA , Mikkelsen, EM , Cueto, HT, Tucker, KL, Vinceti, M, Rothman, KJ, Sorensen, HT & Hatch, EE 2019, 'Iron Consumption Is Not Consistently Associated with Fecundability among North American and Danish Pregnancy Planners', The Journal of Nutrition, vol. 149, no. 9, pp. 1585-1595. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz094

Rigas, AS, Pedersen, OB , Magnussen, K , Erikstrup, C & Ullum, H 2019, 'Iron deficiency among blood donors: experience from the Danish Blood Donor Study and from the Copenhagen ferritin monitoring scheme', Transfusion Medicine, vol. 29, no. S1, pp. 23-27. https://doi.org/10.1111/tme.12477

Maisch, M, Lueder, U, Kappler, A & Schmidt, C 2019, 'Iron Lung: How Rice Roots Induce Iron Redox Changes in the Rhizosphere and Create Niches for Microaerophilic Fe(II)-Oxidizing Bacteria', Environmental Science & Technology Letters, vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 600-605. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00403

Bizjak, A , Gratzer, D, Krebbers, R & Birkedal, L 2019, 'Iron: managing obligations in higher-order concurrent separation logic', Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages , vol. 3, no. POPL, 65, pp. 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290378

Andersen, SB & Kristensen, S 2019, 'Irrationality and transcendence of continued fractions with algebraic integers', Publicationes mathematicae-Debrecen, vol. 95, no. 3-4, pp. 469-476. https://doi.org/10.5486/PMD.2019.8575

Poulsen, CH, Eplov, LF, Hjorthøj, C, Hastrup, LH, Eliasen, M, Dantoft, TM , Schröder, A & Jørgensen, T 2019, 'Irritable bowel symptoms, use of healthcare, costs, sickness and disability pension benefits: A long-term population-based study', Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, vol. 47, no. 8, pp. 867-875. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494818776168

Bauer, A, Hausmann, H, Schaarschmidt, J, Szlapka, M, Scharpenberg, M, Eberle, T & Hasenkam, JM 2019, 'Is 300 Seconds ACT Safe and Efficient during MiECC Procedures?', The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 191-202. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1609019

Christensen, B 2019, 'I salmernes skønhed kan vi skimte det guddommelige', Kristeligt Dagblad.

Strøm, M, Mortensen, EL, Kesmodel, US, Halldorsson, T, Olsen, J & Olsen, SF 2019, 'Is breast feeding associated with offspring IQ at age 5? Findings from prospective cohort: Lifestyle During Pregnancy Study', BMJ Open, vol. 9, no. 5, e023134. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023134

Simonsen, CZ, Roth, E & Leslie-Mazwi, TM 2019, 'Ischemic lesions in all territories as a marker of malignant hypercoagulability', Clinical Case Reports, vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 1312-1315. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.2211

Pedersen, MGB , Olsen, MS , Schmidt, M , Johnsen, SP, Learn, C, Laursen, HB & Madsen, NL 2019, 'Ischemic Stroke in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study', Journal of the American Heart Association, vol. 8, no. 15, 011870. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.118.011870

Wang, QJ & Spence, C 2019, 'Is complexity worth paying for? Investigating the perception of wine complexity for single varietal and blended wines in consumers and experts', Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 243-251. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajgw.12382

Aly, A, Bernardos, A, Fernandez-Peuchena, CM, Jensen, SS & Pedersen, AB 2019, 'Is Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) a feasible option for Sub-Saharan Africa?: Investigating the techno-economic feasibility of CSP in Tanzania', Renewable Energy, vol. 135, no. May, pp. 1224-1240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.09.065

Domic, D, Bertl, K, Ahmad, S, Schropp, L, Hellén-Halme, K & Stavropoulos, A 2019, 'Is detection accuracy of buccal bone level at implants in CBCT dependent on bone thickness?', Clinical Oral Implants Research, vol. 30, no. 19, pp. 6.

Juhl, B, Lauszus, F & Lykkesfeldt, J 2019, 'Is Diabetes Associated with Lower Vitamin C Status in Pregnant Women? A Prospective Study', International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, vol. 86, no. 5-6, pp. 184-189. https://doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000407

Ekblad, M, Falås, P, El-taliawy, H, Nilsson, F, Bester, K, Hagman, M & Cimbritz, M 2019, 'Is dissolved COD a suitable design parameter for ozone oxidation of organic micropollutants in wastewater?', Science of the Total Environment, vol. 658, pp. 449-456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.085

Ågård, AS 2019, 'Is family-witnessed resuscitation a viable practice in the ICU? Findings from an international literature review', Paper presented at 8th EfCCNa Congress 2019, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 13/02/2019 - 16/02/2019.

Neumann, L 2019, Is formality legitimacy? defining the obligations of non-state armed groups. in B Lemann Kristiansen, K Mitkidis, L Munkholm, L Neumann & C Pelaudeix (eds), Transnationalisation and legal actors: legitimacy in question. Routledge, Abingdon, pp. 216-229.

Liljensøe, A, Laursen, JO, Søballe, K & Mechlenburg, I 2019, 'Is high body mass index a potential risk factor for poor outcome after hip arthroplasty? A cohort study of 98 patients 1 year after surgery', Acta Orthopaedica Belgica, vol. 85, no. 1, pp. 91-99. <http://www.actaorthopaedica.be/archive/volume-85/issue-1/original-studies/high-bmi-potential-risk-factor-poor-outcome-hip-arthroplasty-cohort-study-98-patients-1-year-surgery/>

Kierkegaard, S , Mechlenburg, I , Lund, B , Rømer, L , Søballe, K & Dalgas, U 2019, 'Is hip muscle strength normalised in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome one year after surgery? Results from the HAFAI cohort', Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 413-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.10.004

Lidegaard, N, Normann, U & Ellegaard, C 2019 'Is it just a feeling? Dimensions of intuitive sourcing and supplier-related decisions in SMEs'.

Christensen, JT , Hansen, EM, Hallama, M, Kandeler, E & Rubæk, GH 2019, 'Is it possible to enhance the utilisation of soil phosphorus in a main crop by adapting species and management of the preceding cover crop.', International Phosphorous Workshop 2019 - (IPW9), Zurich, Switzerland, 08/07/2019 - 12/07/2019 pp. 74.

Nyboe, L , Lemcke, S , Møller, AV & Stubbs, B 2019, 'Is it possible to prevent weight gain in young, newly diagnosed patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder? A systematic review of the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions', International congress of European society for child and adolescent psychiatry, Wien, Austria, 30/06/2019 - 02/07/2019.

Torp, NC, Weidle, B, Thomsen, PH, Skarphedinsson, G, Aalberg, M, Nissen, JB, Melin, KH, Dahl, K, Valderhaug, R & Ivarsson, T 2019, 'Is it time to rethink standard dosage of exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder?', Psychiatry Research, vol. 281, 112600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112600

Wejse, C & Hønge, BL 2019, 'Is it time to revise the notion that HIV-2 is benign?', The Lancet HIV, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. e3-e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(18)30265-0

Lippert-Rasmussen, K 2019, 'Is it unjust that elderly people suffer from poorer health than young people? Distributive and relational egalitarianism on age-based health inequalities', Politics, Philosophy & Economics, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 145-164. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470594X19828020

Sedgwick, M 2019, Islam. Virginia Commonwealth University. <https://wrldrels.org/2019/06/07/islam-2/>

Meret, S & Gregersen, AB 2019, Islam as a "floating signifier": right-wing populism and perceptions of Muslims in Denmark. in The One Percent Problem: Muslims in the West and the Rise of the New Populists. Brookings Institution Press. <https://www.brookings.edu/research/islam-as-a-floating-signifier-right-wing-populism-and-perceptions-of-muslims-in-denmark/>

Riexinger, MT 2019, Islam, Demokratie und Rechtstaat: Versuch einer Entwirrung. in JE Klußmann, M Kreutz & A Sarhan (eds), Reformation im Islam: Perspektiven und Grenzen. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, pp. 61-75, Reformation und Islam – Reformation im Islam?, Düsseldorf, Germany, 07/10/2016.

Sedgwick, M 2019, 'Islamic and Western Esotericism', Correspondences: Journal for the Study of Esotericism, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 277-299.

Suhr, C 2019, 'Islamic exorcism and the cinema fist: Analyzing exorcism among Danish Muslims through the prism of film', Contemporary Islam, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 121-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11562-017-0394-6

Rognlien, L 2019, Islamisk feminisme. Baggrund. <http://baggrund.com/islamisk-feminisme/>

Tørring, PM, Larsen, MJ, Brasch-Andersen, C, Krogh, LN, Kibæk, M, Laulund, L, Illum, N, Dunkhase-Heinl, U, Wiesener, A, Popp, B, Marangi, G, Hjortshøj, TD, Ek, J, Vogel, I , Becher, N, Roos, L, Zollino, M & Fagerberg, CR 2019, 'Is MED13L-related intellectual disability a recognizable syndrome?', European Journal of Medical Genetics, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 129-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.06.014

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Lise Refstrup Linnebjerg Pedersen