Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Haroutounian, S , Nikolajsen, L , Finnerup, NB & Jensen, TS 2015, 'Topical Capsaicin Response as a Phenotypic Measure in Patients with Pain', Pain Medicine, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 823-825. https://doi.org/10.1111/pme.12657

Oddershede , A , Svenning, J-C & Damgaard, C 2015, 'Topographically determined water availability shapes functional patterns of plant communities within and across habitat types', Plant Ecology, vol. 216, no. 9, pp. 1231-1242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-015-0504-6

Joergensen, NL , Le, DQS , Andersen, OZ , Foss, M , Danielsen, CC , Foldager, CB , Lind, M & Lysdahl, H 2015, 'Topography-Guided Proliferation: Distinct Surface Microtopography Increases Proliferation of Chondrocytes In Vitro', Tissue Engineering. Part A, vol. 21, no. 21-22, pp. 2757-2765. https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0697

Jakobsen, A-K , Lauridsen, KL, Samuel, EB, Proszek, J, Knudsen, BR , Hager, H & Stougaard, M 2015, 'Topoisomerase I and tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 activities are upregulated and correlate in non-small cell lung cancer tissue', Virchows Archiv, vol. 467, no. Suppl 1, PS-10-019, pp. S163-S163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-015-1805-9

Andersen, JE , Chekhov, L, Norbury, P & Penner, R 2015, 'Topological recursion for Gaussian means and cohomological field theories', Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, vol. 185, no. 3, pp. 1685-1717. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11232-015-0373-0

Winther, IW 2015, 'To practice mobility: on a small scale', Culture Unbound: Journal of Current Cultural Research, vol. 7, no. theme 2, pp. 215-231. <http://www.cultureunbound.ep.liu.se/v7/a13/cu15v7a13.pdf>

Maribo, H, Jørgensen, L, Jensen, SK & Birch Hansen, LH 2015, 'To rapskvaliteter til smågrise og slagtesvin', Meddelelse, no. 1046.

Larsen, SN 2015, 'Tør investeringsjeget kritisere sig selv og tænke sig om? fire historiefortællende idéhistorikere sætter fokus på økonomi som levet liv i en ramsaltet kritik af økonomividenskabens abstrakte modelmageri og dens grundantagelser om individets nyttemaksimering og markedssamfundets velsignelser', Information, pp. 26.

Lippert-Rasmussen, K 2015, ''To Serve and Protect': The Ends of Harm by Victor Tadros', Criminal Law and Philosophy, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 49-71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11572-013-9216-y

Egelund, N 2015, 'Tosprogede unges læsning - belyst med PISA', Viden om Laesning, no. 18, pp. 6-11. <http://www.videnomlaesning.dk/media/1396/18_niels-egelund.pdf>

Alstrup, AKO & Jensen, LF 2015, 'To strandede kaskelotter langs den jyske vestkyst', Dansk Veterinærtidsskrift.

Sanikini, H, Dik, VK, Siersema, PD, Bhoo-Pathy, N, Uiterwaal, CSPM, Peeters, PHM, Gonzales, CA, Zamora-Ros, R, Overvad, K, Tjønneland, A, Roswall, N, Boutron-Ruault, M-C, Fagherazzi, G, Racine, A, Kühn, T, Katzke, V, Boeing, H, Trichopoulou, A, Trichopoulos, D, Lagiou, P, Palli, D, Grioni, S, Vineis, P, Tumino, R, Panico, S, Weiderpass, E, Skeie, G, Braaten, T, Huerta, J-M, Sánchez-Cantalejo, E, Barricarte, A, Sonestedt, E, Wallstrom, P, Nilsson, LM, Johansson, I, Bradbury, KE, Khaw, K-T, Wareham, N, Huybrechts, I, Freisling, H, Cross, AJ, Riboli, E & Bueno-de-Mesquita, HBA 2015, 'Total, caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee and tea intake and gastric cancer risk: Results from the EPIC cohort study', International Journal of Cancer, vol. 136, no. 6, pp. E720-30. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29223

Naz, A, Ahmad, N & Naveed, A 2015, 'Total Factor Productivity and Trade: A Panel Data Analysis', Forman Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 11, pp. 103-128.

Murray, C , Christensen, JPA , Markager, S & Timmermann, K 2015, 'Total kvælstof og fosfor koncentrationer i danske fjorde over 21 år - effekten af belastningsreduktioner', 18. Danske Havforskermøde, Copenhagen, Denmark, 28/01/2015 - 30/01/2015. <http://havforsk2015.geus.dk/index.shtml>

Jensen, MF 2015, 'Total magt korrumperer ikke', Jyllands-Posten, vol. Viden, pp. 12-13.

Ren, C, Wang, L, Zheng, B & Holbach, A 2015, 'Total nitrogen sources of the three Gorges reservoir - A spatio-temporal approach', PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 10, e0141458. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141458

Poulsen, T 2015, 'Total syntheses of rakicidin A and BE-43547A1', Planta Medica, vol. 81, no. 11, IL8. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1556105

Kallestrup, P 2015, “To Travel With Your Profession Is to Live and Learn”: Educational Exchanges in Family Medicine Training - the Hippokrates Exchange Programme . in M Ungan & C Steylaerts (eds), World Book of Family Medicine - European Edition 2015. WONCA, Wonca Europe, pp. 163-65.

Albertsen, A 2015, 'Tough Luck and Tough Choices: Applying Luck Egalitarianism to Oral Health', Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 342-362. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhv001

Madsen, ND , Steffensen, S , Jensen, HM & Bøttiger, J 2015, 'Toughness measurement of thin films based on circumferential cracks induced at conical indentation', International Journal of Fracture, vol. 193, no. 2, pp. 117-130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-015-0022-5, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-015-0022-5

Brewer, RS , Verdezoto, N, Holst, T & Rasmussen, MK 2015, Tough Shift: Exploring the Complexities of Shifting Residential Electricity Use Through a Casual Mobile Game. in CHI PLAY '15 : Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play . Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 307-317, The ACM SIGCHI Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play (CHI PLAY 2015), London, United Kingdom, 05/10/2015. https://doi.org/10.1145/2793107.2793108

Hansen, JK , Jacobsen, PE , Simonsen, JL, Hovgaard, O & Haubek, D 2015, 'Tourette syndrome and procedures related to dental treatment; a systematic review', Special Care in Dentistry, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 99-104. https://doi.org/10.1111/scd.12098

von Essen, E, Hansen, HP, Nordström Källström, H, Peterson, N & Peterson, TR 2015, Toward a critical and interdisciplinary understanding of illegal hunting: a synthesis of research workshop findings. <http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/11559/1/essen_e_etal_150320.pdf>

Andersen, OJ , Grouleff, J, Needham, P, Walker, RC & Jensen, F 2015, 'Toward an Enhanced Sampling Molecular Dynamics Method for Studying Ligand-Induced Conformational Changes in Proteins', Journal of Physical Chemistry Part B: Condensed Matter, Materials, Surfaces, Interfaces & Biophysical, vol. 119, no. 46, pp. 14594-14603. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b07816

Yang, B, Guo, C, Ma, Y & Jensen, CS 2015, 'Toward personalized, context-aware routing', V L D B Journal, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 297-318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00778-015-0378-1

Ziegler, H, Berthet, T, Atzmüller, R, Bonvin, J-M & Kjeldsen, CC 2015, Towards a capabilities perspective on vulnerable young people in Europe: an introduction. in H-U Otto (ed.), Facing trajectories from school to work: towards a capability-friendly youth policy in Europe. Springer Science+Business Media, Cham, Schweiz, Technical and Vocational Education and Training, vol. 20, pp. 3-18.

Saad-Sulonen, J & Korsgaard, H 2015, 'Towards a concept of community artifact ecology in HCI?', Paper presented at CHI, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 18/04/2015 - 23/04/2015.

Stephensen, JL 2015, 'Towards a Digital Materialism: Review essay on Christian Fuchs (2015), Culture and Economy in the Age of Social Media, London: Routledge.', Conjunctions : transdisciplinary journal of cultural participation, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 154-171. <http://www.conjunctions-tjcp.com/article/view/22927/20042>

Ingibergsson Mogensen, JT, Suvei, S-D, Hansen, MK , Christiansen, P & Schultz, UP 2015, Towards a DSL for Perception-Based Safety Systems. in Towards a DSL for Perception-Based Safety Systems. pp. 2, 6th International Workshop on Domain-Specific Languages and models for Robotic systems (DSLROB 15), Hamburg, Germany, 28/09/2015.

Tambo, T & Enevoldsen, P 2015, Towards a framework for evaluation of renewable energy storage projects: A study case of hydrogen and fuel cells in Denmark. in Proceedings of the 24th International Association of Management of Technology Conference. vol. 24, Cape Town, International Association for Management of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa, 08/06/2015.

Kayacan, E, Kayacan, E, Ramon, H & Saeys, W 2015, 'Towards agrobots: Identification of the yaw dynamics and trajectory tracking of an autonomous tractor', Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 115, pp. 78-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2015.05.012

Topping, CJ, Craig, PS, de Jong, F, Klein, M, Laskowski, R, Manachini, B, Pieper, S, Smith, R, Sousa, JP, Streissl, F, Swarowsky, K, Tiktak, A & van der Linden, T 2015, 'Towards a landscape scale management of pesticides: ERA using changes in modelled occupancy and abundance to assess long-term population impacts of pesticides', Science of the Total Environment, vol. 537, pp. 159-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.152

Wei, K & Woodcock, J 2015, Towards Algebraic Semantics of Circus Time. in D Naumann (ed.), Unifying Theories of Programming: 5th International Symposium, UTP 2014, Singapore, May 13, 2014, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 8963, pp. 84-104, 5th International Symposium on Unifying Theories of Programming, Singapore, Singapore, 13/05/2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14806-9_5

Visser, J 2015, Towards a Mobile Indigeneity? The Case of Indigenous Students from the Chittagong Hill Tracts in Dhaka, Bangladesh. in Towards a Mobile Indigeneity? The Case of Indigenous Students from the Chittagong Hill Tracts in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Centre for East and South-East Asian Studies, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, Working Papers in Contemporary Asian Studies, no. 54, pp. 1-41.

Hansen, JS 2015, 'Towards a more pedagogical use of a new LMS'.

Simonsen, K-M 2015, Towards a New Europe? On Emergent and Transcultural Literary Histories. in C Domínguez & T D'haen (eds), Cosmopolitanism and the Postnational: Literature and the New Europe. Brill, Leiden, Boston, Textxet, vol. 79, pp. 131-151.

Simonÿ, C 2015, 'Towards a new Foothold in Life: A Phenomenological-Hermeneutic Study of patients’ lived experiences during the trajectory of Cardiac Rehabilitation', The Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University.

Griggio, CF, Romero, M & Leiva, G 2015, Towards an interactive dance visualization for inspiring coordination between dancers. in Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. pp. 1513-1518.

Skott, J 2015, Towards a participatory approach to ‘beliefs’ in mathematics education. in B Pepin & B Roesken-Winter (eds), From beliefs to dynamic affect systems in mathematics education: exploring a mosaic of relationships and interactions. Springer VS, Cham, Advances in Mathematics Education, pp. 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06808-4

Foldspang, A 2015, 'Towards a public health profession: the role of essential public health operations and lists of competences', European Journal of Public Health, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 361-362. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckv007>

Bischof, D 2015, 'Towards a Renewal of the Niche Party Concept: Parties, Market Shares and Condensed Offers', Party Politics, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 220-235. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068815588259

Larsen, SB, Sørensen, NS, Grøndahl Petersen, M & Friis Kjeldsen, G 2015, 'Towards a shared service centre for telemedicine: Telemedicine in Denmark, and a possible way forward', Health Informatics Journal, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 815-827. https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458215592042

Sandel, BS 2015, 'Towards a taxonomy of spatial scale-dependence', Ecography, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 358–369. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.01034

Hvejsel, MF, Kirkegaard, PH & Mortensen, SB 2015, 'Towards a tectonic approach - energy renovation in a Danish context', Nordic Journal of Architectural Research, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 35-60. <http://arkitekturforskning.net/na/issue/view/53/showToc>

Otto, T 2015, Towards a Theory of Tradition and Agency. in L Picht, K Schmidt, G Schmitz & L Wiggering (eds), The Limits of Change: Was ist der Wert der beständigen Dinge?. Neofelis Verlag GmbH, Berlin, pp. 31-54.

Bhikha, C, Andreasen, A , Christensen, EI, Letts, RFR, Pantanowitz, A, Rubin, DM, Thomsen, JS & Zhai, X-Y 2015, 'Towards Automated Three-Dimensional Tracking of Nephrons through Stacked Histological Image Sets', Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine (Print Edition), vol. 2015, pp. 545809. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/545809

Fu, Y , Young, JF & Therkildsen, M 2015, 'Towards bovine connective tissue utilization: in silico insight on the potential of collagen in production of ace inhibitory peptides', ICoMST 2015: 61st International Congress of Meat Science & Technology, Clermont-Ferrand, France, 23/08/2015 - 28/08/2015.

Radaelli, L & Jensen, CS 2015 'Towards Characterizing the Temporal Aspect of Frequent Patterns in Indoor Trajectory Data'.

Monteiro Duarte Couto, LD , Larsen, PG , Hasanagic, M , Kanakis, G , Lausdahl, KG & Tran-Jørgensen, PWV 2015, Towards Enabling Overture as a Platform for Formal Notation IDEs. in Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Formal Integrated Development Environment: F-IDE 2015. vol. 187, Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 187.2, pp. 14-27, 2nd Workshop on Formal-IDE , Oslo, Norway, 22/06/2015. https://doi.org/10.4204/EPTCS.187.2

Nielsen, M & Grønbæk, K 2015, Towards highly affine visualizations of consumption data from buildings. in IVAPP 2015 - 6th International Conference on Information Visualization Theory and Applications; VISIGRAPP, Proceedings. SCITEPRESS Digital Library, pp. 247-255, International Conference on Information Visualization Theory and Applications, Berlin, Germany, 11/03/2015.

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