Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Janczak, AM & Riber, AB 2015, 'Review of rearing-related factors affecting the welfare of laying hens', Poultry Science, vol. 94, pp. 1454-1469. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev123

Atzbach, R 2015, '(Review of) Rikke Agnete Olsen: Danish Medieval Castles', Burgen und Schloesser, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 293-296.

Holm, BK 2015, 'Review of Robert Kolb, Irene Dingel, and L'ubomír Batka (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Martin Luther's Theology (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2014).', Church History and Religious Culture, vol. 95, no. 2-3, pp. 328-330. https://doi.org/10.1163/18712428-09502014

Ingesman, P 2015, 'Review of Sverre Bagge: Cross and scepter. The rise of the Scandinavian kingdoms from the Vikings to the Reformation (Princeton-Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2015)', Journal of Ecclesiastical History, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 850-851.

Anesio, A, Rettberg, P, Anesio, A, Baker, V, Baross, JA, Cady, SL, Foreman, CM, Hauber, E, Ori, GG, Pearce, D, Rennó, N, Ruvkun, G, Sattler, B, Saunders, MP, Wagner, D & Westall, F 2015, Review of the MEPAG Report on Mars Special Regions.

Varga, S 2015, 'Review of The Metaphysics of Mental Disorder', Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 65, no. 259, pp. 307-310.

Klitmøller, J 2015, 'Review of the methods and findings in the Dunn and Dunn learning styles model research on perceptual preferences', Nordic Psychology, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 2-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2014.997783

Martins, BO 2015, 'Review of "The political psychology of Israeli Prime Ministers: when hard-liners opt for peace"', Global Affairs, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 104-105. https://doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2015.973315

Bugge, P 2015, '(Review of) Worlds of Dissent: Charter 77, the Plastic People of the Universe, and Czech Culture under Communism by Jonathan Bolton', Journal of Cold War Studies, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 294-295.

Fritt-Rasmussen, J , Wegeberg, S & Gustavson, K 2015, 'Review on Burn Residues from in Situ Burning of Oil Spills in Relation to Arctic Waters', Water, Air and Soil Pollution, vol. 226, no. 10, 329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-015-2593-1

Nocke, T, Buschmann, S, Donges, JF, Marwan, N, Schulz, H-J & Tominski, C 2015, 'Review: Visual Analytics of climate networks', Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, vol. 22, pp. 545-570. https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-545-2015

Kristensen, JH 2015, 'Revision and morphometric characteristics of the Vasticardium fidele group (Bivalvia: Cardiidae) in the Indo-Pacific with description of three new species.', NOVAPEX, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 81-94.

Christensen, JG 2015, Revisionens uvisse konsekvenser. in R Elm-Larsen & GK (eds), Offentlig revision i det 21. århundrede. Karnov Group, København, pp. 95-119.

Nørskov, M 2015, 'Revisiting Ihde’s Fourfold “Technological Relationships”: Application and Modification', Philosophy & Technology, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 189-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-014-0149-8

Handberg, C, Thorne, S, Midtgaard, J, Nielsen, CV & Lomborg, K 2015, 'Revisiting Symbolic Interactionism as a Theoretical Framework Beyond the Grounded Theory Tradition', Qualitative Health Research, vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 1023-1032. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732314554231

Damgaard, C 2015, 'Revisiting the Böcher-modified Raunkiær method for estimating the frequency of plant species', Ecological Informatics, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.12.004

Bartusevicius, H & Skaaning, S-E 2015, 'Revisiting the democratic civil peace hypothesis: Electoral democracy and civil conflict', Paper presented at 56th Annual Convention of the International Studies Association, New Orleans, LA, United States, 18/02/2015 - 21/02/2015.

Wilkinson, BT 2015, 'Revisiting visibility in the plane', Paper presented at International Symposium on Computational Geometry, Eindhoven, Netherlands, 22/06/2015 - 25/06/2015. <http://www.madalgo.au.dk/~bw/papers/2015W.pdf>

Nygaard, B 2015, 'Revolutionen kom til Danmark - og blev let nedkæmpet', Jyllands-Posten, pp. 2.

Kirkegaard, T & Brinkmann, S 2015, 'Rewriting stress: toward a cultural psychology of collective stress at work', Culture & Psychology, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 81-94. <http://10.1177/1354067X15568978>

Abel, P, Fox, M, Potts, R, Hemment, D, Thomson, C, Gajdos, P, Li, S, Vazquez, AD, Barraclough, R, Schliwa, G, Lindley, J, Turner, S, Devitt, J, MacDonald, J, Lee, A, Trueblood, C, Maxwell, D, Mehrpouya, H, Woods, M, Walsh, V, Moisy, A, Islamoglu, G, Sherriff, G, Thomas, V, Devitt, L, Jennings, K, Speed, C, Tynan-O'Mahony, F, Gebhardt, V-K, Trimble, L, Raikes, R & Monsen, K 2015, 'Re-writing the City: Negotiating and Reflecting on Data Streams'. https://doi.org/10.1145/2783446.2783562

Welz, C 2015, 'Rezension von: Elazar Benyoëtz, Zeit ist Aufgabe: Worte Sahaduthas, ed. Hans-Horst Skupy, Fernwald: litblockín 2014', Theologische Literaturzeitung, vol. 140, no. 5, pp. 531-533.

Gorbahn, K 2015, 'Rezension von: Manuel Köster / Holger Thünemann / Meik Zülsdorf-Kersting (eds.): Researching History Education. International Perspectives and Disciplinary Traditions, Schwalbach: Wochenschau-Verlag 2014', Sehepunkte, vol. 15, no. 12. <http://www.sehepunkte.de/2015/12/26616.html>

Welz, C 2015, 'Rezension von: Paul Mendes-Flohr and Anya Mali (eds.), Gustav Landauer: Anarchist and Jew, Berlin et al.: Walter de Gruyter 2014', Theologische Literaturzeitung, vol. 140, no. 10, pp. 1113-1115.

Welz, C 2015, 'Rezension von: Stine Holte, Meaning and Melancholy in the Thought of Emmanuel Levinas, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2015', Theologische Literaturzeitung, vol. 140, no. 10, pp. 1135-1136.

Ravelo, B, Miranda, J, Cabral, J, Wagner, SR , Pedersen, CF , Memon, M, Mathiesen, M & Lalléchère, S 2015, RF and EMC Investigation on CRIP System for the E-Healthcare CareStore Platform. in 9th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) 2015. IEEE, European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, Lisbon, Portugal, 12/04/2015. <http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.ez.statsbiblioteket.dk:2048/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=7228157&newsearch=true&queryText=ravelo%20emc%20rf>

Pedersen, AB , Mor, A , Mehnert, F , Thomsen, RW , Johnsen, SP & Nørgaard, M 2015, 'Rheumatoid Arthritis: Trends in Antirheumatic Drug Use, C-reactive Protein Levels, and Surgical Burden', Journal of Rheumatology. https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.141297

Kemp, P 2015, Ricœur’s reticence with regard to Kierkegaard. in P Kemp & N Hashimoto (eds), Ethics and Politics : ethique et politique: with a third part on Paul Ricœur. LIT Verlag, Zürich, Eco-ethica, vol. 4, pp. 257-270.

Bregnballe, T, Pedersen, JL & Østerby, A 2015, Ride Rissa tridactyla (yngleforekomst). in P Lange (ed.), Fugleåret 2014. vol. 9, Dansk Ornitologisk Forening, pp. 74-74.

Rittenhofer, I 2015, 'Riding the waves of 'Nordic Noir' in destination branding: Contribution to EUKO 2015', Internationalen Forschungskooperation Europäische Kulturen in der Wirtschaftskommunikation, Darmstadt, Germany, 29/10/2015 - 31/10/2015.

Hansen, JP 2015 'Riemann-Roch Spaces and Linear Network Codes' http://arxiv.org/abs/1503.02386 edn, arxiv.org. <http://arxiv.org/abs/1503.02386>

Hansen, JP 2015, 'Riemann-Roch Spaces and Linear Network Codes', International Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1-11. <http://ijmcs.future-in-tech.net/10.1/R-Hansen.pdf>

Hansen, JP 2015 'Riemann-Roch Spaces and Linear Network Codes' arxiv.org. <http://arxiv.org/abs/1503.02386>

Thorarinsson, SB, Söderlund, U, Døssing, A, Holm, PM, Ernst, RE & Tegner, C 2015, 'Rift magmatism on the Eurasia basin margin', Journal of the Geological Society, vol. 172, pp. 721-726. https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2015-049

Nielsen, M 2015, 'Rights of way to Brasília Teimosa. The politics of Squatter Settlement. Sussex Academic Press.', Brasiliana - Journal for Brazilian Studies, vol. 3.

Runcevski, T, Kress, KC, Wahlberg, N, Dinnebier, RE & Laschat, S 2015, 'Rigidified malononitrile- and ketone-merocyanines in rigid environments', Macedonian journal of chemistry and chemical engineering, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 151-158. <http://www.mjcce.org.mk/index.php/MJCCE/article/view/693>

Skov, SN , Lyager, DMR , Ilkjær, C , Rasmussen, J , Tjørnild, MJ , Nygaard, H , Jensen, MØJ & Nielsen, SL 2015, 'Rigid remodeling versus fully flexible mitral annuloplasty rings. A novel assessment tool for biomechanical characterization', 29th EACTS Annual Meeting, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 03/10/2015 - 07/10/2015.

Skov, SN , Røpcke, DM, Ilkjær, C, Rasmussen, J , Tjørnild, MJ , Nygaard, H , Jensen, MØJ & Nielsen, SL 2015, 'Rigid Remodelling Versus Fully Flexible Mitral Annuloplasty Rings - A Novel Assessment Tool for Biomechanical Characterization', Paper presented at 29th Annual Meeting: European Association For Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 03/10/2015 - 07/10/2015.

Koefoed, NJ 2015, Rigsdagsdebatten om Grundlovsændringen i 1915.

Ravn, KS (ed.) & Grundtvig, NFS 2015, Rimelige Strøe-Tanker ved Kalundborgs i Livet vel meriterede Stads-Satyrikus Jens Baggesens Grav. Grundtvigs Værker.

Garssen, AG, Baattrup-Pedersen, A, Voesenek, LACJ, Verhoeven, JTA & Soons, MB 2015, 'Riparian plant community responses to increased flooding: a meta-analysis', Global Change Biology, vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 2881-2890. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12921

Masca, NGD, Hensor, EMA, Cornelius, VR, Buffa, FM, Marriott, HM, Eales, JM, Messenger, MP, Anderson, AE, Boot, C, Bunce, C, Goldin, RD, Harris, J, Hinchliffe, RF, Junaid, H, Kingston, S, Martin-Ruiz, C, Nelson, CP, Peacock, J, Seed, PT, Shinkins, B, Staples, KJ, Toombs, J, Wright, AKA & Dawn Teare, M 2015, 'RIPOSTE: A framework for improving the design and analysis of laboratory-based research', eLife, vol. 4, no. MAY, e05519, pp. 1-45. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05519

Parmentier, FJW, Zhang, W, Mi, Y, Zhu, X, van Huissteden, J, Hayes, DJ, Zhuang, Q, Christensen, TR & McGuire, AD 2015, 'Rising methane emissions from northern wetlands associated with sea ice decline', Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 42, no. 17, pp. 7214–7222. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065013

Asseng, S, Ewert, F, Martre, P, Rötter, RP, Lobell, DB, Cammarano, D, Kimball, BA, Ottman, MJ, Wall, GW, White, JW, Reynolds, MP, Alderman, PD, Prasad, PVV, Aggarwal, PK, Anothai, J, Basso, B, Biernath, C, Challinor, AJ, De Sanctis, G, Doltra, J, Fereres, E, Garcia-Vila, M, Gayler, S, Hoogenboom, G, Hunt, LA, Izaurralde, RC, Jabloun, M, Jones, CD, Kersebaum, KC, Koehler, AK, Müller, C, Naresh Kumar, S, Nendel, C, O'leary, G, Olesen, JE, Palosuo, T, Priesack, E, Eyshi Rezaei, E, Ruane, AC, Semenov, MA, Shcherbak, I, Stöckle, C, Stratonovitch, P, Streck, T, Supit, I, Tao, F, Thorburn, PJ, Waha, K, Wang, E, Wallach, D, Wolf, J, Zhao, Z & Zhu, Y 2015, 'Rising temperatures reduce global wheat production', Nature Climate Change, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 143-147. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2470

Amin Al Olama, A, Benlloch, S, Antoniou, AC, Giles, GG, Severi, G, Neal, D, Hamdy, FC, Donovan, JL, Muir, K, Schleutker, J, Henderson, BE, Haiman, C, Schumacher, FR, Pashayan, N, Pharoah, PDP, Ostrander, EA, Stanford, JL, Batra, J, Clements, JA, Chambers, SK, Weischer, M, Nordestgaard, BG, Ingles, SA, Sørensen, KD , Orntoft, TF, Park, JY, Cybulski, C, Maier, C, Doerk, T, Dickinson, JL, Cannon-Albright, L, Brenner, H, Rebbeck, TR, Zeigler-Johnson, C, Habuchi, T, Thibodeau, SN, Cooney, K, Chappuis, PO, Hutter, P, Kaneva, RP, Foulkes, WD, Zeegers, MP, Lu, Y-J, Zhang, H-W, Stephenson, R, Cox, A, Southey, MC, Spurdle, AB, FitzGerald, L, The UK Genetic Prostate Cancer Study Collaborators/British Association of Urological Surgeons' Section of Oncology, The UK ProtecT Study Collaborators & The PRACTICAL Consortium 2015, 'Risk Analysis of Prostate Cancer in PRACTICAL, a Multinational Consortium, Using 25 Known Prostate Cancer Susceptibility Loci', Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 1121-1129. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0317

Skov Dalgaard, L, Nørgaard, M, Jespersen, B , Jensen-Fangel, S , Østergaard, LJ , Schønheyder, HC & Søgaard, OS 2015, 'Risk and Prognosis of Bloodstream Infections among Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis: A Population-Based Cohort Study', PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. e0124547. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124547

Nielsen, LH , Jensen-Fangel, S, Benfield, T, Skov, R, Jespersen, B, Larsen, AR, Østergaard, L , Støvring, H , Schønheyder, HC & Søgaard, OS 2015, 'Risk and prognosis of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia among individuals with and without end-stage renal disease: a Danish, population-based cohort study', B M C Infectious Diseases, vol. 15, no. 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-014-0740-8

Sonne, AT , Rasmussen, JJ, Traunspurger, W, McKnight, US & Bjerg, PL 2015, 'Risk Assessment of stream water: linking mass discharge from contaminated sites in groundwater with water health', SETAC , Barcelona, Spain, 03/05/2015 - 07/05/2015.

Zellweger, J-P, Sotgiu, G, Block, M, Dore, S, Altet, N, Blunschi, R, Bogyi, M, Bothamley, G, Bothe, C, Codecasa, L, Costa, P, Dominguez, J, Duarte, R, Fløe, A, Fresard, I, García-García, J-M, Goletti, D, Halm, P, Hellwig, D, Henninger, E, Heykes-Uden, H, Horn, L, Kruczak, K, Latorre, I, Pache, G, Rath, H, Ringshausen, FC, Seminario Ruiz, A, Solovic, I, de Souza-Galvão, M-L, Widmer, U, Witte, P, Lange, C & TBNET 2015, 'Risk Assessment of Tuberculosis in Contacts by Interferon-γ Release Assays (IGRAs). A TBNET Study', American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201502-0232OC

Simonsen, DF , Søgaard, M , Bozi, I, Horsburgh, CR & Thomsen, RW 2015, 'Risk factors for postoperative pneumonia after lung cancer surgery and impact of pneumonia on survival', Respiratory Medicine, vol. 109, no. 10, pp. 1340-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2015.07.008

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