Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Klode, A , Fentz, HN , Nielsen, SA & Trillingsgaard, T 2026, 'Fathers' Childcare Involvement across the First Four Years: The Role of Duration and Share of Parental Leave', Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 368-382. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.70030

Ringsmose, JM , Dreyer, P, Ravn Francis, S & Ejlertsen, C 2026, Fathers' experiences of breastfeeding: A scoping review protocol. Center for Open Science. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NCDHY

Machač, M, Papuga, J, Doubrava, K, Barsoum, Z & Yıldırım, HC 2026, 'Fatigue behaviour and thickness effect in thin-walled welded hollow section joints: evaluation using hot-spot stress approach', International Journal of Fatigue, vol. 208, 109565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2026.109565

Majland, M , Jensen, RB , Ettenhuber, P , Shaik, I , Zinner, NT & Christiansen, O 2026, 'Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computations of Vibrational Wave Functions', Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 30-51. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01419

Jønsson, AB , Krogh, S , Severinsen, KE, Aagaard, P, Kasch, H & Nielsen, JF 2026, 'Feasibility and safety of two weeks of blood flow restriction exercise in individuals with spinal cord injury', Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 58-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/10790268.2024.2408052

Issa, LM, Jørgensen, CC, Madsbad, S, Lindberg-Larsen, M, Varnum, C, Jakobsen, T, Andersen, MR, Bieder, MJ, Overgaard, S, Hansen, TB, Gromov, K & Kehlet, H 2026, 'Feasibility of a prospective multicenter observational study—is diabetes a risk factor in ERAS joint arthroplasty?', Pilot and Feasibility Studies, vol. 12, no. 1, 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-025-01747-w

Aneggi, E, Nisticò, R, Idriss, H & Jensen, TR 2026, 'Featured Papers in Inorganic Materials 2025', Inorganics, vol. 14, no. 2, 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics14020059

Hatherley, J, Søgaard, A, Ballantyne, A & Pauwels, R 2026, 'Federation Opacity and the Promise of Federated Learning in Healthcare', American Journal of Bioethics. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2026.2637093

Mirzajani, S & Roohi, M 2026, 'Feedback Long Short-Term Memory: A Long Short-Term MemoryBased Framework for Multivariate Time Series Prediction in Chaotic Systems', Control and Optimization in Applied Mathematics, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 199-218. https://doi.org/10.30473/coam.2025.72730.1312

Christensen, J 2026, 'Feeding drives intra-annual variation in the field metabolic rate of a coastal Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) population', Ecology.

Weger, M, Mauvoisin, D, Hoyle, D, Wang, J, Martin, E, Rae, J, Ferguson, C, Klinke, G, Cielesh, M, Macauslane, KL, Larance, M, Quadroni, M, Templeman, I, Walhin, J-P, Karagounis, LG, Betts, JA, Johnston, JD, Durussel, F, Firsov, D, Fournier, S, Müller, O, Schulz, BL, Parton, RG, Weger, BD & Gachon, F 2026, 'Feeding-regulated glycogen metabolism drives rhythmic liver protein secretion', Nature Metabolism, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 327-349. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-026-01453-8

Bhavsar, R, Thuesen, L & Jakobsen, CJ 2026, 'Female Disparity in Referral to Cardiac Diagnostication and Invasive Treatment', Medicina (Lithuania), vol. 62, no. 1, 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina62010144

Ben Messaoud, K, Zaks, N, Licciardi, F, Ramlau-Hansen, CH, Kahn, LG & Janecka, M 2026, 'Female infertility diagnosis and adult-onset psychiatric conditions: a matched cohort study', Human Reproduction, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 108-115. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deaf202

Gibrael, HS, Linhardt, S, Jangö, H, Toldam, NE, Dreier, S, Thomsen, L, Giraldi, A & Graugaard, C 2026, 'Female sexual health after obstetric anal sphincter injury: a scoping review', Sexual Medicine Reviews, vol. 14, no. 1, qeaf078. https://doi.org/10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf078

Sandager, J 2026, Feminist Organizing and Futures of Women in STEM: Exploring Sparkle, Shimmer and Shadow. Bristol University Press.

Berretta, A & Schwab, C 2026, 'Fermentation-driven interactions of gut microbes with their environment', Essays in Biochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1042/EBC20253057

Hull, SD, Hougaard, KS, Toft, G, Petersen, KKU, Flachs, EM, Lindh, C, Ramlau-Hansen, CH , Wise, LA, Wilcox, A, Liew, Z , Bonde, JP & Tøttenborg, SS 2026, 'Fetal exposure to a mixture of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and biomarkers of male fecundity: A population-based cohort study', Andrology, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 76-89. https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.70039

Morales-Cano, D, Sharysh, D , Albarrán-Juárez, J, de Molina, A, Labrador-Cantarero, V, Markvard Møller, C, Carramolino, L & Bentzon, JF 2026, 'Fibroblast-like cells accumulate late in human coronary atherosclerosis contributing to necrotic core formation', Cardiovascular Research. https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvag002

Larsen, SN 2026, '”Filosofien fordærves af ethvert formål”: Anmeldelse af Arthur Schopenhauer: "Imod universitetsfilosofien", oversættelse og efterskrift ved Martin Pasgaard-Westermann. Klim 2026. ', Information.

Gómez-Repollés, A , Sigsgaard, EE , Jensen, MR & Thomsen, PF 2026, 'Filter pore size influences taxonomic composition of retained eDNA from seawater samples—evidence from shotgun sequencing', Metabarcoding and Metagenomics, vol. 10, e164232, pp. 105-129. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.10.164232

Eriksen, RL, Kjærgaard, KD & Peters, CD 2026, 'Filterreaktioner ved hæmodialysebehandling', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 188, no. 9. https://doi.org/10.61409/V08250626

Sirangelo, D 2026, Final report of NATO STO Applied Vehicle Technology Research Task Group 341. in Mobility Assessment Methods and Tools for Autonomous Military Ground Systems. NATO Science and Technology Organisation (STO) . https://doi.org/10.14339/STO-TR-AVT-341, https://doi.org/10.14339/STO-TR-AVT-341-ALL-PDF

Bengtson, A 2026, 'Finding a Fundamental Principle of Democratic Inclusion: Related, not Affected or Subjected', Inquiry, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 179-198. https://doi.org/10.1080/0020174X.2022.2111603

Agkathidis, A, Hudert, M & Medel-Vera, C 2026, Findings. in SpringerBriefs in Architectural Design and Technology. Springer, SpringerBriefs in Architectural Design and Technology, vol. Part F1429, pp. 221-228. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-0760-3_19

Ørbæk, M, Shekhrajka, N, Gynthersen, RMM, Bodilsen, J, Larsen, L, Storgaard, M, Brandt, C, Wiese, L, Hansen, BR, Luttichau, HR, Andersen, AB, Mens, H, Nielsen, H, Hansen, K, Lebech, AM & Danish Study Group of Infections of the Brain 2026, 'Findings on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neuroborreliosis: A Nationwide Cohort Study', European Journal of Neurology, vol. 33, no. 2, e70500. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.70500

Mohn, C & Broadus, LJ 2026, 'Fine-Scale Hydrodynamics and Benthic Food Supply at Atlantic Seamounts and Cold-Water Coral Mounds.', Ocean Sciences Meeting 2026, Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, 22/02/2026 - 27/02/2026. <http://osm26.ipostersessions.com/Default.aspx?s=A0-14-E1-0D-64-63-20-95-D8-E8-54-80-30-D5-AE-FD>

Lobato-de Magalhães, T, Murphy, K, Davidson, TA, García-Girón, J, Efremov, A, Chepinoga, V, Molina-Navarro, E, Franceschini, C, Mormul, RP, Fu, H, Bolpagni, R, Nascimbene, J, Manzo, L, Epele, LB, Tapia-Grimaldo, J, Schneider, B, Mayora, G, Tendar, P, Cooper, D, Malik Al-Saadi, SAA, Hofstra, D, de Winton, M, Nikolić, L, de Oliveira, VB, Pivari, MOD, Petruzzella, A, Fleming, JP, Perleberg, DJ, Varandas-Martins, S, Wersal, RM, Džigurski, D, Ljevnaić-Mašić, B, Radomski, P, Kennedy, M, Lang, P, Matias, L, Albuquerque, AC, de Sousa Rodrigues-Filho, CA, Germ, M, Kuhar, U, Grasel, D, Madsen, J, Aroviita, J & Alahuhta, J 2026, 'Fine-scale patterns and drivers of ploidy state in lentic and lotic macrophyte assemblages across the world', Aquatic Botany, vol. 202, 103943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103943

Kandasamy, T 2026, 'Firefighting, Futuring and Everything in Between: Organisational Resilience in SMEs', PhD, Aarhus University.

Odintsova, A 2026, 'Firm Organization, Wages, and Inequality', PhD, Aarhus University, Aarhus.

Pagnon, T, Hansen, J, Buchel, E, Sabard, B, Lang, J, Sittler, B, Boertmann, D , Schmidt, NM, Bollache, L & Gilg, O 2026, 'First breeding events of the pectoral sandpiper (Calidris melanotos) in north-east Greenland: a harbinger of breeding range expansion?', Polar Research, vol. 44, 12560. https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v44.12560

Larsen, KB 2026, First Encounters and First Actions (Jn. 1.19–2.25). in A Myers & C Williams (eds), The T&T Clark Handbook of Johannine Studies. Bloomsbury T&T Clark.

Marchal, F, Tsiafouli, M, Wadoux, AMJC, Briones, MJI, Fiera, C, Krogh, PH, Miko, L, Mulder, C, Papadopoulou, M, Potapov, A, Russell, D, Santorufo, L, Zaitsev, AS & Cortet, J 2026, 'First insights into soil fauna mapping across Europe using data from multiple data sources for three different taxa', Applied Soil Ecology, vol. 217, 106588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106588

Haman, M, Ahrenfeldt, J , Lyskjær, I & Fristrup, N 2026, 'First-line sunitinib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma, a 15-year single institution real-world evidence study', Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 66.e1-66.e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2025.08.002

Klucznik, K , Ravkilde, T , Skouboe, S, Keall, P, Happersett, L, Pham, H, Leong, B, Zhang, P, Tang, G & Poulsen, PR 2026, 'First online real-time motion-including prostate and bladder dose reconstruction during prostate radiotherapy', Radiotherapy and Oncology, vol. 214, 111298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2025.111298

Borge, L-E, Etzerodt, SF, Mau Pedersen, NJ, Oulasvirta, L & Wikström, M 2026, 'Fiscal Equalization in Nordic Municipalities: Institutions and Inequalities', Journal of Public Policy.

Morari, PHR, Dos Santos, NG, Iglesias, C, Meerhoff, M , Jeppesen, E & Castilho-Noll, MSM 2026, 'Fish promote stronger functional changes in microcrustaceans than macroinvertebrates in artificially vegetated mesocosms in both subtropical and temperate lakes', Hydrobiologia, vol. 853, no. 2, pp. 571-584. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-025-05951-w

Haug, T, Valentin, JB, Ørntoft, MBW , Iversen, LH, Johnsen, SP, Kennedy, R, Miskovic, D & Madsen, AH 2026, 'Five-year recurrence and postoperative complications after laparoscopic complete Mesocolic excision: A population-based, multicentred study', Colorectal Disease, vol. 28, no. 2, e70380. https://doi.org/10.1111/codi.70380

Zak, DH, Tschikof, M, Natho, S, Petersen, RJ , Kronvang, B , Hoffmann, CC, Liu, H, Wang, M & Kaden, US 2026, 'Floodplains and coastal wetlands as nutrient sinks: a restoration perspective', Nature Conservation, vol. 62, pp. 175-193. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.62.158302

Andersen, FØ 2026, 'Flow som en vej at gå i ustabile tider', Avisen Danmark, pp. 14-14. <https://avisendanmark.dk/debat/flow-som-en-vej-at-gaa-i-ustabile-tider>

Nielsen, JV 2026, Flugten over Sundet: Danske officerer i Sverige under Anden Verdenskrig. Nord Academic /Gads Forlag.

Entezari, S , Thygesen, M , Gudmundsdottir, G , Gram Carlsen, J , Mikkelsen, R & Rasmussen, MM 2026, 'Fluorescein-guided surgical ablation of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) is a safe and effective add-on to ensure surgical closure', Brain and Spine, vol. 6, 105978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bas.2026.105978

Pedersen, KH, Munksgaard, PAL & Svendsen, GT 2026, 'Flying Piglets? Danish trust-based management and workplace theft in Eastern European pig farms', Baltic Journal of Management.

Kofoed, RH, Elmer, B, Noseworthy, K, Ardinger, J, Wu, K, Wischhof, E, Vecchio, LM, Mahendran, TA, Dibia, CL, Koch, H, Chou, S-C, Sivadas, S, Bu, J, Wu, S-K, McMahon, D, Mikloska, K, White, M, Ramachandran, S, Hynynen, K, Mueller, C & Aubert, I 2026, 'Focused ultrasound expands intra-CSF AAV delivery to deep brain regions in rats and non-human primates', Molecular Therapy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2026.02.021

Kofoed, RH , Hvingelby, VS, Pineda-Pardo, JA, Blesa, J, Paschen, S, Tandon, A, Joutsa, J & Glud, AN 2026, 'Focused Ultrasound for the Treatment of Circuit and Molecular Pathology in Parkinson's Disease', Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.70156

Svarer, M , Andersen, TM & Kjeldsen, MM 2026, 'Fødevarechecken er er en bøvlet lappeløsning', Politiken. <https://politiken-dk.ez.statsbiblioteket.dk/debat/kroniken/art10704750/F%C3%B8devarechecken-er-en-lappel%C3%B8sning.-Tag-dog-fat-om-problemets-rod>

Kjeldsen, M-MZ, Egsgaard, S, Elliott, AF & Munk-Olsen, T 2026, 'Fødselsdepression i Danmark: Ny viden fra over 215.000 forældre', Sundhedsplejersken, no. 01/05, pp. 42-47.

Prinds, C, Damm, MF, Hvidtjørn, D , Lang, H & Pahuus, AMK 2026, 'Fødslen ender ikke, når barnet er født: Debatten om efterfødselsskader overser, at fødslen også er en varig eksistentiel forandring, som vores sundhedsvæsen, arbejdsliv og samfund ikke er indrettet til at tage alvorligt', Dagbladet Information.

Skiba, A, Szymczyk-Drozd, A, Serafin, KM, Olszewski, M, Ferapontova, EE, Krzemiński, J, Prygiel, M, Polak, M, Tokarska, K, Malinowska, E & Ziółkowski, R 2026, 'Foil-based lab-on-chip electrochemical genosensors for rapid antimicrobial resistance testing', Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation, vol. 259, no. Part A, 119668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2025.119668

Andersen, S 2026, 'Folkekirken har et klart syn på krig', Kristeligt Dagblad.

Skovgaard, AKP 2026, Following the loom: Material agency in the work of Anna Thommesen. in Anna Thommesen: Weavings. Strandberg Publishing, København.

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