Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Thestrup, K 2019, Digital citizens: how preschool teachers and children communicate in a digital and global world. in C Grey & I Palaiologou (eds), Early learning in the digital age. SAGE Publications, London, pp. 136-147.

Aagaard, J & Selwyn, N 2019, 'Digital dannelse på skoleskemaet: Hvad skal der til?', Kristeligt Dagblad. <https://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/kronik/digital-dannelse-paa-skoleskemaet-hvad-skal-der-til>

Clausen, P 2019, Digital Decision Support Systems for enhanced Human Based Decision-making at the Shop Floor Management Level. in PICMET 2019 - Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology: Technology Management in the World of Intelligent Systems, Proceedings., 8893509, PICMET´19 Conference, Portland, Oregon, United States, 25/08/2019. https://doi.org/10.23919/PICMET.2019.8893509

Dupont, YL , Kryger, P , Axelsen, JA , Sørensen, PB & Topping, CJ 2019, 'Digitale bier kan afsløre uønskede effekter af sprøjtegift', Aktuel Naturvidenskab, vol. 1, pp. 29-31.

Alim, W, Nebelong, S, Kjeldsen, CM, Bindslev, MW, Fahnøe Kristensen, PM & Johansen, SL 2019, Digitale medier i børnehaven: digital dannelse i børnehøjde : del 2. Børns Vilkår, København. <https://bornsvilkar.dk/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Digital-Dannelse-Del-2.pdf>

Tømte, CE, Fossland, T, Aamodt, PO & Degn, L 2019, 'Digitalisation in higher education: mapping institutional approaches for teaching and learning', Quality in Higher Education, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 98-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/13538322.2019.1603611

Neville, M 2019, Digitalisering - en del af bestyrelsens strategiske ledelsesopgave? in M Neville, H Birkmose & KE Sørensen (eds), Selskaber - Aktuelle emner II. Djøf Forlag, pp. 217-237.

Grønbæk, K, Alstrup, S, Larsen, KG, Caspersen, ME , Madsen, OL, Herping Ellegaard, L & Rasmussen, B 2019, Digitalisering og it-uddannelser – ryd op i begreberne!. Teknologiens Mediehus. <https://www.version2.dk/blog/digitalisering-it-uddannelser-ryd-begreberne-1089608>

Lieberoth, A 2019, 'Digitalisering og unges mentale sundhed.', Unges Mentale Sundhed, Aalborg, Denmark, 05/09/2019 - 05/09/2019.

Basse, EM 2019, 'Digitaliseringsklar og agil erhvervsrettet miljølovgivningen', Tidsskrift for Miljø, vol. 2019, no. 1, pp. 3-14.

Andersen, T & Hansen, A 2019, 'Digitalization and port efficiency – capacity development between Danish and Ghanaian public and private actors', Paper presented at EURAM 2019, Lissabon, Portugal, 26/06/2019 - 28/06/2019.

Gislum, R , Gyldengren, JG & Boelt, B 2019, Digitalization in herbage grass seed production and research: Opportunities and challenges. in NP Anderson (ed.), Proceedings of the Tenth International Herbage Seed Group Conference. pp. 14-17, 10th International Herbage Seed Group Conference, Corvallis, Oregon, United States, 12/05/2019.

Dietrichson, LG & Kragh, U 2019, 'Digitalization in the value chain: An exploratory study of Danish SME's', IRIS/SCIS Conference, Nokia, Finland, 11/08/2019 - 14/08/2019.

Erslev, MS 2019, Digital Litteratur og digital dannelse. Bibliotekarforbundet. <https://bf.dk/perspektiv/deldinviden/artikler/2019/oktober/digital-litteratur-og-digital-dannelse>

Scherjon, F, Lambers, K & Romanowska, I 2019, 'Digitally Teaching Digital Skills: Lessons Drawn from a Small Private Online Course (SPOC) on ‘Modelling and Simulation in Archaeology’ at Leiden University', Journal of Computer Applications in Archaeology, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 79-88. https://doi.org/10.5334/jcaa.26

Nilsson, A & Clausen, P 2019, Digital Maturity: Transitioning from Analogue to Digital Shop Floor Management Board Meetings. in Proceedings - 2019 1st International Conference on Digital Data Processing, DDP 2019., 8948756, IEEE Computer Society Press, pp. 104-111, 14th International Conference on Digital Information Management and 1st Digital Data Processing Conference, Luton , United Kingdom, 24/09/2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/DDP.2019.00029

Myrczik, EP 2019, Digital Museum Mediation in Denmark: A critical exploration of the development, practice, and perceived outcomes. Det Humanistiske Fakultet, Københavns Universitet.

Hendler, S & Boer, H 2019, 'Digital-physical product development: A review and research agenda', International Journal of Technology Management, vol. 80, no. 1-2, pp. 12-35. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2019.099769

Jensen, M 2019, 'Digital picture analysis for precision screening of sour cherry progeny for necrotic leaf tissue caused by Blumeriella jaapii', Acta Horticulturae, vol. 1242, pp. 855-861. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2019.1242.126

Larsen, LB, Sondergaard, J, Thomsen, JL, Halling, AP, Sønderlund, AL, Christensen, JR & Thilsing, TP 2019, 'Digital recruitment and acceptance of a stepwise model to prevent chronic disease in the danish primary care sector: Cross-sectional study', Journal of Medical Internet Research, vol. 21, no. 1, e11658. https://doi.org/10.2196/11658

Tambo, T & Filtenborg, J 2019, 'Digital services governance: IT4IT™ for management of technology', Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 1230-1249. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-01-2018-0028

Greve, MH & Borůvka, L 2019, 'Digital soil mapping workshop 2016', Geoderma, vol. 352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.06.020

Jankvist, UT & Geraniou, E 2019, Digital technologies as a way of making original sources more accessible to students. in Proceedings of the Eighth European Summer University on History and Epistemology in Mathematics Education ESU 8. Oslo, Norway, pp. 107-130, Eight European Summer University on the History and Epistemology in Mathematics Education, Oslo, Norway, 20/07/2018. <https://skriftserien.hioa.no/index.php/skriftserien/article/view/664/179>

Levin, G & Svenningsen, SR 2019, 'Digital transdisciplinarity in land change science - Integrating multiple types of digital data', Geografisk Tidsskrift - Danish Journal of Geography, vol. 119, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2019.1585893

Tække, J & Paulsen, M 2019, Digitalt understøttet faglighed og almendannelse: rapport angående DUFA-projektet. Undervisningsministeriet, København. < https://emu.dk/sites/default/files/2019-03/Digitalt%20understøttet%20faglighed%20og%20almendannelse.pdf>

Paulsen, M & Tække, J 2019, Digitalt understøttet faglighed og almendannelse: Bog 2: analyser og indblik. Undervisning og medialisering, vol. 2, Unge Pædagogers Forlag, København.

Mathiasen, JB & Clausen, P 2019, Digitising Shop Floor Visualisation Boards: A Missing Link in the Industry 4.0 Era. in K Hiekata, B Moser, M Inoue, J Stjepandić & N Wognum (eds), Transdisciplinary Engineering for Complex Socio-technical Systems - Proceedings of the 26th ISTE International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering: Proceedings of the 26th ISTE International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering, no. 10, pp. 189-198, 26th ISTE International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering, Tokyo, Japan, 30/07/2019. https://doi.org/10.3233/ATDE190123

Bødker, S , Hoggan, E , Jensen, MM , Klokmose, CN , Rädle, R & Thiel, S-K 2019, Digitizing sticky notes. in B Christensen, K Halskov & C Klokmose (eds), Sticky Creativity: Post-it Note Cognition, Computers, and Design. Elsevier, pp. 103-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816566-9.00005-7

Boelsbjerg, HB, Ladegaard Knox, JB & Plough Hansen, H 2019, 'Digte om Døden: fra forskning til folkelig formidling', Omsorg.

Grinderslev, J, Andersson, M, Filippov, S, Armstrong, J, Karlsson, M, Simak, S, Häussermann, U & Jensen, TR 2019, 'Dihydrogen bonding and dynamics in ammonium borohydride', Nordic Neutron Meeting 2019, Aarhus, Denmark, 22/05/2019 - 23/05/2019.

Grinderslev, J, Andersson, M, Filippov, S, Armstrong, J, Karlsson, M, Simak, S, Häussermann, U & Jensen, TR 2019, 'Dihydrogen bonding and dynamics in ammonium borohydride', Gordon Research Conference - Hydrogen-Metal Systems, Barcelona, Spain, 30/06/2019 - 05/07/2019.

Dobat, A 2019, 'DIME: Danmarks Registreringsportal for Metaldetektorfund', Fund & Fortid.

Whitehead, C, Daugbjerg, M, Eckersley, S & Bozoğlu, G 2019, Dimensions of European heritage and memory: a framework introduction. in C Whitehead, S Eckersley, M Daugbjerg & G Bozoğlu (eds), Dimensions of heritage and memory: multiple Europes and the politics of crisis. Routledge, London, pp. 1-25.

Whitehead, C, Eckersley, S, Daugbjerg, M & Bozoğlu, G (eds) 2019, Dimensions of Heritage and Memory: Multiple Europes and the Politics of Crisis. Routledge, London. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781138589476

Raja, R 2019, Dining with the gods and the others: the banqueting tickets from Palmyra as expressions of religious individualisation. in M Fuchs, A Linkenbach, M Mulsow, B-C Otto, RB Parson & J Rüpke (eds), Religious individualisation: historical dimensions and comparative perspectives. De Gruyter, pp. 243-256. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110580853-011

Klitgaard, MB 2019, 'DI og velfærdskoalitionen gør fælles front', Altinget.dk. <https://www.altinget.dk/artikel/michael-b-klitgaard-di-og-velfaerdskoalitionen-goer-faelles-front>

Thomsen, BMS 2019, Dirch Passer (1926-1980). Nordics.info, Aarhus.

Harris, CB & Berntsen, D 2019, 'Direct and generative autobiographical memory retrieval: How different are they?', Consciousness and Cognition, vol. 74, 102793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2019.102793

Gade Sikjær, M , Hilberg, O, Ibsen, R, Bock, K & Løkke, A 2019, 'Direct and indirect economic and health consequences related to sarcoidosis in Denmark: A national register-based study', Respiratory Medicine, vol. 152, pp. 7-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2019.04.004

Liang Goh, G, Agarwala, S & Wai Yee, Y 2019, 'Directed and On-demand Alignment of Carbon Nanotube: A Review Towards 3D Printing of Electronics', Advanced Materials Interfaces, vol. 6, no. 4, 1801318. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201801318

Spedden, ME, Beck, MM, Christensen, MS, Dietz, M, Karabanov, AN, Geertsen, SS, Nielsen, JB & Lundbye-Jensen, J 2019 'Directed connectivity between primary and premotor areas underlying ankle force control in young and older adults' bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/804450

Guo, Z 2019, '“Directed evolution” steers new lipid chemistry: my experience working with a Nobel Prize Laureate in chemistry', INFORM, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 20-24.

Besenbacher, S, Hvilsom, C, Marques-Bonet, T, Mailund, T & Schierup, MH 2019, 'Direct estimation of mutations in great apes reconciles phylogenetic dating', Nature Ecology & Evolution, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 286-292. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0778-x

Solaro, C , Meyer, S , Fisher, K , Depalatis, MV & Drewsen, M 2019, Direct frequency-comb-driven raman spectroscopy of the 3D ²D_3/2 - 3D²D_5/2 transition in Ca+ ions: Isotope shifts and the search for new physics beyond the standard model. in 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and European Quantum Electronics Conference, CLEO/Europe-EQEC 2019., 8872208, IEEE, 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and European Quantum Electronics Conference, CLEO/Europe-EQEC 2019, Munich, Germany, 23/06/2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2019.8872208

Alinezhad, A, Gloag, L, Benedetti, TM, Cheong, S, Webster, RF, Roelsgaard, M , Iversen, BB, Schuhmann, W, Gooding, JJ & Tilley, RD 2019, 'Direct Growth of Highly Strained Pt Islands on Branched Ni Nanoparticles for Improved Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Activity', Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 141, no. 41, pp. 16202-16207. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b07659

Carregaro, RL, da Silva, EN & van Tulder, M 2019, 'Direct healthcare costs of spinal disorders in Brazil', International Journal of Public Health, vol. 64, no. 6, pp. 965-974. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-019-01211-6

Boenisch, PM 2019, 'Directing Across Borders: English Mise en Scène on the Continental Stage', Coup de Théâtre, vol. Special Issue, no. 2019, pp. 21-37.

Zhao, W, Cui, W, Xu, S, Wang, Y, Zhang, K, Wang, D, Cheong, L-Z , Besenbacher, F & Shen, C 2019, 'Direct investigation of charge transfer in neurons by electrostatic force microscopy', Ultramicroscopy, vol. 196, pp. 24-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2018.09.015

Løvschal, M & Fontijn, D 2019, 'Directionality and axiality in the Bronze Age: Cross-regional landscape perspectives on ‘fire pit lines’ and other pitted connections', World Archaeology, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 140-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2018.1488609

Kékedy-Nagy, L & Ferapontova, EE 2019, 'Directional Preference of DNA-Mediated Electron Transfer in Gold-Tethered DNA Duplexes: Is DNA a Molecular Rectifier?', Angewandte Chemie - International Edition, vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 3048-3052. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201809559

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Lise Refstrup Linnebjerg Pedersen