Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

Sort by: Date | Author | Title

Friedrichsen, D 2019, 'Evoking empathy in Miéville's "Perdido Street Station"', Komparatistik Online, pp. 195-207.

Jensen, B, Wang, T & Moorman, AFM 2019, 'Evolution and Development of the Atrial Septum', Anatomical Record, vol. 302, no. 1, pp. 32-48. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23914

MacLean, HJ , Sørensen, JG , Kristensen, TN , Loeschcke, V , Beedholm, K, Kellermann, V & Overgaard, J 2019, 'Evolution and plasticity of thermal performance: An analysis of variation in thermal tolerance and fitness in 22 Drosophila species', Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol. 374, no. 1778, 20180548. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0548

Clasen, M & Platts, T 2019, Evolution and slasher films. in D Vanderbeke & B Cooke (eds), Evolution and popular narrative. Brill, pp. 23-42. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004391161_003

Chamings, A, Druce, J, Caly, L, Yoga, Y, Britton, PN, Macartney, KK & Alexandersen, S 2019, 'Evolutionary analysis of human parechovirus type 3 and clinical outcomes of infection during the 2017–18 Australian epidemic', Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 1, 8906. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-45445-z

Petersen, AK, Gilhus, IS, Martin, LH, Jensen, JS & Sørensen, J (eds) 2019, Evolution, Cognition, and History in the Study of Religion: A New Synthesis: Festschrift in Honour of Armin W. Geertz. Supplements to Method & Theory in the Study of Religion, vol. 13, Brill, Leiden, Boston. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004385375

Clasen, M 2019, 'Evolution, Cognition, and Horror: A Précis of Why Horror Seduces (2017)', Journal of Cognitive Historiography, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 242-256. https://doi.org/10.1558/jch.37083

Skjerning, H 2019, 'Evolution [dobbeltsonet]', M gasin, vol. 19, no. 40 (XL).

Lee, A, Yan, D, Pezzulla, M, P. Holmes, D & M. Reis, P 2019, 'Evolution of critical buckling conditions in imperfect bilayer shells through residual swelling', Soft Matter, vol. 15, no. 30, pp. 6134-6144. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9SM00901A

Bærentsen, RL , Brodersen, DE & Zhang, YE 2019, 'Evolution of the bacterial nucleosidase PpnN and its relation to the stringent response', Microbial Cell, vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 450-453. https://doi.org/10.15698/mic2019.09.692

Ragon, T, Nutz, A, Schuster, M, Ghienne, JF, Ruffet, G & Rubino, JL 2019, 'Evolution of the northern Turkana Depression (East African Rift System, Kenya) during the Cenozoic rifting: New insights from the Ekitale Basin (28-25.5 Ma)', Geological Journal, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3468-3488. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.3339

Símonarson, G, Sommer, S, Lotsari, A, Elgh, B, Iversen, BB & Palmqvist, AEC 2019, 'Evolution of the Polymorph Selectivity of Titania Formation under Acidic and Low-Temperature Conditions', ACS Omega, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 5750-5757. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b03440

Petersen, AK 2019, 'Evolutionstænkning, identitetspolitisk og kulturrelativisme. Svar til Anne-Christine Hornborgs respons på en review-artikel', Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift, vol. 69, no. 69, pp. 235-239. https://doi.org/10.7146/rt.v0i69.112774

Köhler-Forsberg, O, Cusin, C & Nierenberg, AA 2019, 'Evolving Issues in the Treatment of Depression', JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 321, no. 24, pp. 2401-2402. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.4990

Thomsen, DK & Jensen, RAA 2019, 'Examining age differences in life story stability', Autobiographical Memory and the Self, Aarhus, Denmark, 20/06/2018 - 21/06/2018.

Schneider, JW, van Leeuwen, T, Visser, M & Aagaard, K 2019, 'Examining national citation impact by comparing developments in a fixed and a dynamic journal set', Scientometrics, vol. 119, no. 2, pp. 973-985. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-019-03082-3

Gumus, B 2019, 'Examining Tattooing as a Form of Identity Expression and Interaction Process – Atatürk Tattooing Case', Journal of Comparative of Studies, pp. 94 - 120.

Hakkarainen, P, Decorte, T, Sznitman, S, Karjalainen, K, Barratt, MJ, Frank, VA, Lenton, S, Potter, G, Werse, B & Wilkins, C 2019, 'Examining the blurred boundaries between medical and recreational cannabis – results from an international study of small-scale cannabis cultivators', Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 250-258. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2017.1411888

Olsen, SF, Halldorsson, TI, Li, M, Strøm, M, Mao, Y, Che, Y, Wang, Y, Duan, F, Olsen, J & Zhou, W 2019, 'Examining the Effect of Fish Oil Supplementation in Chinese Pregnant Women on Gestation Duration and Risk of Preterm Delivery', The Journal of Nutrition, vol. 149, no. 11, pp. 1942-1951. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz153

Eheliyagoda, D, Wei, F, Shan, G, Albalghiti, E, Zeng, X & Li, J 2019, 'Examining the Temporal Demand and Sustainability of Copper in China', Environmental Science and Technology Library, vol. 53, no. 23, pp. 13812–13821. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b03875

Enevoldsen, P & Xydis, G 2019, 'Examining the trends of 35 years growth of key wind turbine components', Energy for Sustainable Development, vol. 50, no. June, pp. 18-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2019.02.003

Parsons, C 2019, 'Examining treatment engagement in Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction using smartphone monitoring and wearable technology', 9th World Congress of Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies 2019, Berlin, 17/07/2019 - 20/07/2019.

Lissandrini, M, Mottin, D, Palpanas, T & Velegrakis, Y 2019, Example-based Search: A new frontier for exploratory search. in SIGIR 2019 - Proceedings of the 42nd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 1411-1412, 42nd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, SIGIR 2019, Paris, France, 21/07/2019. https://doi.org/10.1145/3331184.3331387

Christensen, S 2019, Excellence and envy: the management of PISA success in Singapore. in F Waldow & G Steiner-Khamsi (eds), Understanding PISA's attractiveness: critical analyses in comparative policy studies. Bloomsbury Academic, London, pp. 199-217.

Ash, JL, Egger, M, Treude, T, Kohl, C, Cragg, B, Parkes, RJ, Slomp, CP, Lollar, BS & Young, ED 2019, 'Exchange catalysis during anaerobic methanotrophy revealed by (CH2D2)-C-12 by and (CH3D)-C-13 in methane', Geochemical Perspectives Letters, vol. 10, pp. 26-30. https://doi.org/10.7185/geochemlet.1910

Bliss, K, Padel, S, Cullen, B, Ducottet, C, Mullender, S, Rasmussen, IA & Moeskops, B 2019, 'Exchanging knowledge to improve organic arable farming: an evaluation of knowledge exchange tools with farmer groups across Europe', Organic Agriculture, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 383-398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-018-0238-6

Roman, H, Tuech, JJ, Huet, E, Bridoux, V, Khalil, H, Hennetier, C, Bubenheim, M & Brinduse, LA 2019, 'Excision versus colorectal resection in deep endometriosis infiltrating the rectum: 5-year follow-up of patients enrolled in a randomized controlled trial', Human Reproduction, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 2362-2671. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dez217

Shcherbinin, M 2019, 'Excitation and ionization processes in helium nanodroplets'.

Lévêque, C & Madsen, LB 2019, 'Excitation spectra of systems of indistinguishable particles by the autocorrelation function technique: Circumventing the exponential scaling for bosons', Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 150, no. 19, 194105. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5095991

Malik, AR & Willnow, TE 2019, 'Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters in Physiology and Disorders of the Central Nervous System', International Journal of Molecular Sciences , vol. 20, no. 22, 5671. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20225671

Jonker, A, MacLean, S, Woju, CW, Rendon Calzada, MG, Yu, W, Molano, G, Hickey, S, Pinares-Patino, CS, McEwan, JC, Janssen, PH, Sandoval, E, Lewis, S & Rowe, S 2019, 'Excreta emissions in progeny of low and high enteric methane yield selection line sheep fed pasture of different qualities', Animal Feed Science and Technology, vol. 257, 114289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114289

Nielsen, CF 2019, 'Exemplarity, Expressivity, Education', Journal of Moral Education, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 381-392. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240.2018.1563879

Boschiero, L & Wray, KB 2019, 'Exemplifying Metascience', Metascience, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 353-354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11016-019-00472-4

Dalgas, U , Langeskov-Christensen, M, Stenager, E, Riemenschneider, M & Hvid, LG 2019, 'Exercise as Medicine in Multiple Sclerosis-Time for a Paradigm Shift: Preventive, Symptomatic, and Disease-Modifying Aspects and Perspectives', Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, vol. 19, no. 11, 88, pp. 88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-019-1002-3

Markvardsen, LK , Overgaard, K, Vissing, J & Andersen, H 2019, 'Exercise training in multifocal motor neuropathy - a case report study', Clinical Case Reports and Reviews , vol. 5, pp. 1-4. https://doi.org/10.15761/CCRR.1000460

Nanaki, E & Xydis, G 2019, Exergetic aspects of renewable energy systems: Insights to transportation and energy sector for intelligent communities. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. https://doi.org/10.1201/b22277

Goldstein, J, Riisgård, HU & Larsen, PS 2019, 'Exhalant jet speed of single-osculum explants of the demosponge Halichondria panicea and basic properties of the sponge-pump', Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, vol. 511, pp. 82-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2018.11.009

Triebner, K, Accordini, S, Calciano, L, Johannessen, A, Benediktsdóttir, B, Bifulco, E, Demoly, P, Dharmage, SC, Franklin, KA, Garcia-Aymerich, J, Gullón Blanco, JA, Heinrich, J, Holm, M, Jarvis, D, Jõgi, R, Lindberg, E, Martínez-Moratalla, J, Muniozguren Agirre, N, Pin, I, Probst-Hensch, N, Raherison, C, Sánchez-Ramos, JL, Schlünssen, V, Svanes, C, Hustad, S, Leynaert, B & Gómez Real, F 2019, 'Exogenous female sex steroids may reduce lung ageing after menopause: A 20-year follow-up study of a general population sample (ECRHS)', Maturitas, vol. 120, pp. 29-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.11.007

Nørgaard, JV , Malla, N , Dionisio, G , Madsen, CK, Pettersson, D, Lærke, HN, Hjortshøj, RL & Brinch-Pedersen, H 2019, 'Exogenous xylanase or protease for pigs fed barley cultivars with high or low enzyme inhibitors', Animal Feed Science and Technology, vol. 248, pp. 59-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.12.005

Flannick, J, Mercader, JM, Fuchsberger, C, Udler, MS, Mahajan, A, Wessel, J, Teslovich, TM, Caulkins, L, Koesterer, R, Barajas-Olmos, F, Blackwell, TW, Boerwinkle, E, Brody, JA, Centeno-Cruz, F, Chen, L, Chen, S, Contreras-Cubas, C, Córdova, E, Correa, A, Cortes, M, DeFronzo, RA, Dolan, L, Drews, KL, Elliott, A, Floyd, JS, Gabriel, S, Garay-Sevilla, ME, García-Ortiz, H, Gross, M, Han, S, Heard-Costa, NL, Jackson, AU, Jørgensen, ME, Kang, HM, Kelsey, M, Kim, BJ, Koistinen, HA, Kuusisto, J, Leader, JB, Linneberg, A, Liu, CT, Liu, J, Lyssenko, V, Manning, AK, Marcketta, A, Malacara-Hernandez, JM, Witte, DR, Grarup, N, Hansen, T, Pedersen, O, Broad Genomics Platform, DiscovEHR Collaboration, CHARGE, LuCamp, ProDiGY, GoT2D, ESP, SIGMA-T2D, T2D-GENES & AMP-T2D-GENES 2019, 'Exome sequencing of 20,791 cases of type 2 diabetes and 24,440 controls', Nature, vol. 570, no. 7759, pp. 71-76. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1231-2

Gudbergsson, JM & Johnsen, KB 2019, 'Exosomes and autophagy: rekindling the vesicular waste hypothesis', Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 443-450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12079-019-00524-8

Nguanchoo, V, Wangpakapattanawong, P, Balslev, H & Inta, A 2019, 'Exotic plants used by the Hmong in Thailand', Plants, vol. 8, no. 11, 500. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8110500

Lorentzen, MP, Campbell-Sills, H, Jorgensen, TS , Nielsen, TK, Coton, M, Coton, E, Hansen, L & Lucas, PM 2019, 'Expanding the biodiversity of Oenococcus oeni through comparative genomics of apple cider and kombucha strains', BMC Genomics, vol. 20, 330. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-019-5692-3