Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Constantin, D, Veres, D, Panaiotu, C, Anechitei-Deacu, V, Groza, SM, Begy, R, Kelemen, S, Buylaert, JP, Hambach, U, Marković, SB, Gerasimenko, N & Timar-Gabor, A 2019, 'Luminescence age constraints on the Pleistocene-Holocene transition recorded in loess sequences across SE Europe', Quaternary Geochronology, vol. 49, no. February, pp. 71-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2018.07.011

al Khasawneh, S , Murray, A & Khalil, L 2019, 'Luminescence dating of a transitional chalcolithic/bronze age site in Jordan', Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 4347-4353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00813-8

Souza, PE, Sohbati, R , Murray, AS, Kroon, A, Clemmensen, LB, Hede, MU & Nielsen, L 2019, 'Luminescence dating of buried cobble surfaces from sandy beach ridges: a case study from Denmark', Boreas, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 841-855. https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12402

Koren, K, Moßhammer, M, Scholz, VV, Borisov, SM, Holst, G & Kühl, M 2019, 'Luminescence Lifetime Imaging of Chemical Sensors - A Comparison between Time-Domain and Frequency-Domain Based Camera Systems', Analytical Chemistry, vol. 91, no. 5, pp. 3233-3238. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05869

Moßhammer, M, Scholz, VV, Holst, G, Kühl, M & Koren, K 2019, 'Luminescence Lifetime Imaging of O2 with a Frequency-Domain-Based Camera System', Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, vol. 2019, no. 154, e60191. https://doi.org/10.3791/60191

Abdelhamid, HN, Wilk-Kozubek, M, El-Zohry, AM, Bermejo Gómez, A, Valiente, A, Martín-Matute, B, Mudring, AV & Zou, X 2019, 'Luminescence properties of a family of lanthanide metal-organic frameworks', Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, vol. 279, pp. 400-406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2019.01.024

Sørensen, CK & Nielsen, SB 2019, 'Luminescence spectroscopy of oxazine dye cations isolated in vacuo', Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 4600-4605. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cp07340f

Kjær, C, Lissau, H, Gravesen Salinas, NK, Østergaard Madsen, A, Stockett, MH, Storm, FE, Holm Hansen, T , Andersen, JU, Laursen, BW, Mikkelsen, KV, Brøndsted Nielsen, M & Brøndsted Nielsen, S 2019, 'Luminescence Spectroscopy of Rhodamine Homodimer Dications in Vacuo Reveals Strong Dye-Dye Interactions', ChemPhysChem, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 533-537. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201800933

Netterstrøm, JB 2019, Lunds domkapitel på reformationstiden. in A Jarlert (ed.), Reformationen i Lund-Malmø-Köpenhamn. Lunds Universitets Kyrkohistoriska Arkiv, Lund, Bibliotheca historico-ecclesiastica lundensis, vol. 63, pp. 25-38.

Ørts, LM , Bech, BH , Lauritzen, T , Carlsen, AH , Sandbæk, A & Løkke, A 2019, 'Lung function in early adulthood and the burden of lung diseases', 21st Nordic Congress of General Practice, Aalborg, Denmark, 17/06/2019 - 20/06/2019.

Thrane, H 2019, Lusehøj at Voldtofte, South East Funen in its chorological setting - the best parallel for Seddin? in S Hansen & F Schopper (eds), Der Grabhügel von Seddin im norddeutschen und südskandinavischen Kontext. Brandenburgisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege, Wünsdorf, pp. 91-104.

Wiberg Pedersen, EM 2019, Luther as the Subaltern Precarious: The Banned, Excluded, and Outlawed Eleutherius. in EM Wiberg Pedersen (ed.), The Alternative Luther: Lutheran Theology from the Subaltern. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, London, pp. 17-38.

Holm, BK 2019, Luther, Seneca, and benevolence in both creation and government. in P Kärkkäinen & O-P Vainio (eds), Apprehending love: theological and philosophical inquiries. Luther-Agricola-Society, Helsinki, pp. 287-312.

Skovsgaard, S 2019, 'Luther ud af glemslens tåger: Anmeldelse af Jørn Henrik Petersen: Den glemte Luther. Syddansk Universitetsforlag 2018', Kristeligt Dagblad, vol. Sektion 2 (Bøger & Kultur), pp. 7.

Andersen, S 2019, 'Luther ville sige, at Trump ikke lever op til sit embede', Kristeligt Dagblad.

Nygaard, B 2019, 'Lyden af farlig ungdom og sort ekstase: Bill Haleys Rock Around the Clock hørt i Danmark – fra 1950’erne til 1970’erne', TEMP. Tidsskrift for historie, vol. 10, no. 19, pp. 156-178. <https://tidsskrift.dk/temp/article/download/118083/166115/>

Pedersen, BS 2019, Lydforskning på tværs. in A Quist Henkel & A Bonde Nissen (eds), Digitale læseoplevelser i biblioteksrummet. Kommunernes Forening for Pædagogiske Læringscentre, Rønnede, pp. 10-14. <https://www.ucviden.dk/portal/files/69413047/Digitale_l_seoplevelser_ENDELIG.pdf>

Alstrup, M , Mohanakumar, S , Offersen, BV & Hjortdal, VE 2019, 'Lymphatic function and morphology in women who have undergone breast cancer treatment', 29th Annual Meeting SSRCTS, Geilo, Norway, 07/02/2019 - 09/02/2019.

Ørtoft, G, Lausten-Thomsen, L, Høgdall, C, Hansen, ES & Dueholm, M 2019, 'Lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI) as a strong and independent predictor for non-locoregional recurrences in endometrial cancer: A danish gynecological cancer group study', Journal of Gynecologic Oncology, vol. 30, no. 5, e84. https://doi.org/10.3802/jgo.2019.30.e84

Wamberg, J 2019, 'Lyset i det mørke: Intimt. Bjergtagende udstilling på Glyptoteket af Pierre Bonnards verdenssky impressionisme', Weekendavisen, vol. Sektion 2 (Kultur), pp. 10-11.

Pedersen, JN, Jiang, Z, Christiansen, G, Lee, JC, Pedersen, JS & Otzen, DE 2019, 'Lysophospholipids induce fibrillation of the repeat domain of Pmel17 through intermediate core-shell structures', Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Proteins and Proteomics, vol. 1867, no. 5, pp. 519-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.11.007

Bach, D & Aarseth, H 2019, 'Lyst til læring: Fra nordisk modkultur til transnational præstationsstrategi', Dansk pædagogisk tidsskrift, no. 3. <https://dpt.dk/temanumre/nr-3-2019/>

Andersen, CU & Cox, G (eds) 2019, Machine Feeling, Peer-reviewed Newspaper.

Bannach-Brown, A, Przybyła, P, Thomas, J, Rice, ASC, Ananiadou, S, Liao, J & Macleod, MR 2019, 'Machine learning algorithms for systematic review: Reducing workload in a preclinical review of animal studies and reducing human screening error', Systematic Reviews, vol. 8, no. 1, 23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-019-0942-7

Kotlar, AM , Iversen, BV & van Lier, QDJ 2019, 'Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Drainage in Layered Soils Using a Soil Drainability Index', Soil Systems, vol. 3, no. 2, 30, pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3020030

Mikkelsen, KB, Ebajemito, JK, Bonmati-Carrion, MA, Santhi, N, Revell, VL, Atzori, G, Monica, CD, Debener, S, Dijk, D-J, Sterr, A & Vos, MD 2019, 'Machine-learning-derived sleep-wake staging from around-the-ear electroencephalogram outperforms manual scoring and actigraphy', Journal of Sleep Research, vol. 28, no. 2, e12786. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12786

Nousi, P, Tsantekidis, A, Passalis, N, Ntakaris, A, Kanniainen, J, Tefas, A, Gabbouj, M & Iosifidis, A 2019, 'Machine Learning for Forecasting Mid Price Movement using Limit Order Book Data', IEEE Access, vol. 7, 8713851, pp. 64722 - 64736 . https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2916793

Schmitz, G , Godtliebsen, IH & Christiansen, O 2019, 'Machine learning for potential energy surfaces: An extensive database and assessment of methods', The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 150, no. 24, 244113. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5100141

Kristiansen, SM , Stott, D & Sindbæk, SM 2019, 'Machine learning to detect Viking-Age cultural heritage sites on a country scale', European Association of Archaeologists Annual Meeting 2019, Bern, Switzerland, 04/09/2019 - 07/09/2019.

Magnusdottir, R & García, ÓJM (eds) 2019, Machineries of persuasion: European soft power and public diplomacy during the cold war. De Gruyter, Berlin.

García, ÓJM & Magnúsdóttir, R 2019, Machineries of Persuasion: European Soft Power and Public Diplomacy during the Cold War. in ÓJM García & R Magnúsdóttir (eds), Machineries of Persuasion: European Soft Power and Public Diplomacy during the Cold War. De Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110560510

Krause-Jensen, D , Olesen, B , Wegeberg, S & Quesada, CMD 2019, Macroalga: indicators and buffers og climate change. in TR Christensen, M Frost Arndal & E Topp-Jørgensen (eds), Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring Annual Report Cards 2018. Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, Aarhus, pp. 24-25.

Carstensen, J & Dahl, K 2019, Macroalgal indicators for Danish Natura 2000 habitats. Technical Report from DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, no. 142, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy. <http://dce2.au.dk/pub/TR142.pdf>

Frich, CK 2019, 'Macromolecular prodrugs for antiviral therapy'.

Siggaard, CB , Kazankov, K , Rødgaard-Hansen, S , Møller, HJ, Donnelly, MC, Simpson, KJ & Grønbaek, H 2019, 'Macrophage markers soluble CD163 and soluble mannose receptor are associated with liver injury in patients with paracetamol overdose', Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 623-632. https://doi.org/10.1080/00365521.2019.1608292

Baunvig, KF 2019, 'Maddikerne ud af lyrikken: Af-tantrificering og genfortryllelse i N.F.S. Grundtvigs salmer', Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift, vol. 69, pp. 164-186. <https://tidsskrift.dk/rvt/article/download/114475/163043>

Wistoft, K & Qvortrup, L 2019, 'Mad er mere end kostråd: Smagens syv dimensioner giver læge og patient flere muligheder', Videnskab.dk [online].

Feld, L, Metcalfe, RDA & Strand, J 2019, Mængder, sammensætning og trends i udviklingen af marint affald på danske referencestrande. Videnskabelig rapport fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, vol. 359, vol. 359, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy. <https://dce2.au.dk/pub/SR359.pdf>

Thule, C , Lausdahl, KG, Gomes, C, Meisl, G & Larsen, PG 2019, 'Maestro: The INTO-CPS co-simulation framework', Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, vol. 92, pp. 45-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2018.12.005

Fernández-Suárez, D, Krapacher, FA, Andersson, A, Ibáñez, CF & Kisiswa, L 2019, 'MAG induces apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons through p75^NTR demarcating granule layer/white matter boundary', Cell Death and Disease, vol. 10, no. 10, 732. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-019-1970-x

Yartys, VA, Lototskyy, MV, Akiba, E, Albert, R, Antonov, VE, Ares, JR, Baricco, M, Bourgeois, N, Buckley, CE, Bellosta von Colbe, JM, Crivello, JC, Cuevas, F, Denys, RV, Dornheim, M, Felderhoff, M, Grant, DM, Hauback, BC, Humphries, TD, Jacob, I, Jensen, TR, de Jongh, PE, Joubert, JM, Kuzovnikov, MA, Latroche, M, Paskevicius, M, Pasquini, L, Popilevsky, L, Skripnyuk, VM, Rabkin, E, Sofianos, MV, Stuart, A, Walker, G, Wang, H, Webb, CJ & Zhu, M 2019, 'Magnesium based materials for hydrogen based energy storage: Past, present and future', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 44, no. 15, pp. 7809-7859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.212

Roth, N, Ye, F, May, AF, Chakoumakos, BC & Iversen, BB 2019, 'Magnetic correlations and structure in bixbyite across the spin-glass transition', Physical Review B, vol. 100, no. 14, 144404. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.100.144404

Mørch, M , Ahlburg, JV , Saura-Múzquiz, M , Eikeland, AZ & Christensen, M 2019, 'Magnetic ordering in W-Hexaferrites by joined Neutron and X-Ray diffraction refinement', Nordic Neutron Meeting 2019, Aarhus, Denmark, 22/05/2019 - 23/05/2019.

Hoelscher, J , Andersen, HL , Saura-Múzquiz, M , Garbus, PG & Christensen, M 2019, 'Magnetic properties and cation distribution of Ni1-xZnxFe2O4 nanocrystallites', Joint European Magnetic Symposia 2019, Uppsala, Sweden, 26/09/2019 - 30/09/2019.

Cornean, H, Garde, H, Støttrup, B & Sørensen, KS 2019, 'Magnetic pseudodifferential operators represented as generalized Hofstadter-like matrices', Journal of Pseudo-Differential Operators and Applications, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 307-336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11868-018-0271-y

Williams, CJA, Greunz, EM, Ringgaard, S , Hansen, K, Bertelsen, MF & Wang, T 2019, 'Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveals high cardiac ejection fractions in red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonarius)', Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 222, no. 18, 206714. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.206714

Behr-Rasmussen, C , Gammelgaard, L , Fründ, ET , Dahl, M & Lindholt, JS 2019, 'Magnetic resonance imaging of the intraluminal thrombus in abdominal aortic aneurysms. A quantitative and qualitative evaluation and correlation with growth rate', Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 221-229. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0021-9509.17.09921-9

Knudsen, MK, Near, J, Blicher, AB , Videbech, P & Blicher, JU 2019, 'Magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic measurement of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in major depression before and after electroconvulsive therapy', Acta Neuropsychiatrica, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 17-26. https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2018.22

Mørch, M , Ahlburg, JV , Saura-Múzquiz, M , Eikeland, AZ & Christensen, M 2019, 'Magnetization in W-hexaferrites by neutron powder diffraction and magnetometry', Joint European Magnetic Symposia 2019, Uppsala, Sweden, 26/09/2019 - 30/09/2019.

Shyam, P , Ahlburg, JV , Eikeland, AZ , Saura-Múzquiz, M & Christensen, M 2019, 'Magnetostructural effects in exchange-spring nanocomposite magnets probed by combined X-ray & neutron scattering', Joint European Magnetic Symposia 2019, Uppsala, Sweden, 26/09/2019 - 30/09/2019.

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