Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Liu, X , Olsen, J , Agerbo, E, Yuan, W, Wu, C & Li, J 2015, 'Maternal Preeclampsia and Childhood Asthma in the Offspring', Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 181-185. https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.12344

Kirkegaard, H , Nøhr, EA, Rasmussen, KM, Støvring, H, Sørensen, TIA, Lewis, CE & Gunderson, EP 2015, 'Maternal prepregnancy waist circumference and BMI in relation to gestational weight gain and breastfeeding behavior: the CARDIA study', American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 102, no. 2, pp. 393-401. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.099184

Radin, RG, Rothman, KJ, Hatch, EE, Mikkelsen, EM , Sørensen, HT , Riis, AH, Fox, MP & Wise, LA 2015, 'Maternal Recall Error in Retrospectively Reported Time-to-Pregnancy: an Assessment and Bias Analysis', Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 576-88. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12245

Hohwü, L , Henriksen, TB , Grønborg, TK , Hedegaard, M, Sørensen, TIA & Obel, C 2015, 'Maternal salivary cortisol levels during pregnancy are positively associated with overweight children', Psychoneuroendocrinology, vol. 52, pp. 143-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.11.006

Rytter, D , Andersen, SL , Bech, BH, Halldórsson, TI, Henriksen, TB , Laurberg, P & Olsen, SF 2015, 'Maternal thyroid function in 3rd trimester of pregnancy and offspring blood pressure and adiposity at 20 years'.

Kirkegaard, H , Støvring, H, Rasmussen, KM, Abrams, B, Sørensen, TIA & Nøhr, EA 2015, 'Maternal weight change from prepregnancy to 7 years postpartum-the influence of behavioral factors', Obesity, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 870-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.21022

Andersen, IT & Hahn, U 2015 'Matérn thinned Cox processes' CSGB Research Reports, no. 08, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University.

Freiesleben, T, Sohbati, R , Murray, AS, Jain, M, al Khasawneh, S, Hvidt, S & Jakobsen, B 2015, 'Mathematical model quantifies multiple daylight exposure and burial events for rock surfaces using luminescence dating', Radiation Measurements, vol. 81, pp. 16–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2015.02.004

Tsapanos, N, Iosifidis, A & Pitas, I 2015, Mathematical preliminaries: graphs and matrices. in I Pitas (ed.), Graph-Based Social Media Analysis. CRC Press.

Nene, W, Rwegasira, G, Offenberg, HJ, Mwatawala, M & Nielsen, MG 2015, 'Mating Behavior of the African Weaver Ant, Oecophylla longinoda (Latreille) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)', Sociobiology, vol. 62, pp. 396-400.

Liu, H, Henryon, M & Sørensen, AC 2015, Mating strategies using genomic information reduce rates of inbreeding. in Abstracts of the 66th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science. vol. 21, Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, EAAP Book of Abstracts, pp. 393-393, 66th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science, Warsaw, Poland, 31/08/2015. https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-816-2

Karlsen, A, Couppé, C, Andersen, J, Mikkelsen, UR, Nielsen, RH, Magnussen, P, Kjaer, M & Mackey, A 2015, 'Matters of Fiber Size and Myonuclear Domain: Does Size Matter More Than Age?', Muscle & Nerve.

Winther, IW, Bundgaard, R & Svinkløv, M, Matup Tunuani: film festival NAFA, 2015, Pictures, Video and sound recordings (digital), matup.gl.

Kristensen, TM 2015, Maxentius' Head and the Rituals of Civil War. in H Börm, M Mattheis & J Wienand (eds), Civil War in Ancient Greece and Rome: Contexts of Disintegration and Reintegration. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 321-346.

Britz, T, Cavenagh, NJ & Sørensen, HK 2015, 'Maximal partial Latin cubes', The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, vol. 22, no. 1, P1.81. <http://www.combinatorics.org/ojs/index.php/eljc/article/view/v22i1p81>

Esfandyari, H , Sørensen, AC & Bijma, P 2015, 'Maximizing crossbred performance through purebred genomic selection', Genetics Selection Evolution, vol. 47, no. 16, pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12711-015-0099-3

Mikkelsen, JG , Hillebrand, E & Urga, G 2015 'Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Time-Varying Loadings in High-Dimensional Factor Models' CREATES Research Paper, no. 2015-61, Institut for Økonomi, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus.

Mygind, S 2015, 'McSweeney’s and the act of framing: The digital excerpt between work and marketing', Nordic Journal of Media Studies, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 137-149. https://doi.org/10.1386/nl.13.1.137_1

Tietze, A , Hansen, MB , Østergaard, L , Jespersen, SN , Sangill, R , Lund, TE , Geneser, M , Hjelm, M & Hansen, B 2015, 'Mean Diffusional Kurtosis in Patients with Glioma: Initial Results with a Fast Imaging Method in a Clinical Setting', American Journal of Neuroradiology, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 1472-1478. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4311

Wu, Z, Zaremba, E, Smyrnakis, J, Magiropoulos, M, Efremidis, NK & Kavoulakis, GM 2015, 'Mean-field yrast spectrum and persistent currents in a two-component Bose gas with interaction asymmetry', Physical Review A, vol. 92, no. 3, 033630. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.92.033630

Sørup, S, Benn, CS, Stensballe, LG, Aaby, P & Ravn, H 2015, 'Measles-mumps-rubella vaccination and respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospital contact', Vaccine, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 237-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.07.110

Ray, L, Förster, H-J, Förster, A & Fuchs, S 2015, 'Measured versus calculated thermal conductivity of high-grade metamorphic rocks – inferences on the thermal properties of the lower crust at ambient and in-situ conditions', 26th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, Prague, Czech Republic, 22/06/2015 - 02/07/2015.

Kraus, PM, Mignolet, B, Baykusheva, D, Rupenyan, A, Horný, L, Penka, EF, Grassi, G, Tolstikhin, OI, Schneider, J, Jensen, F , Madsen, LB, Bandrauk, AD, Remacle, F & Wörner , HJ 2015, 'Measurement and laser control of attosecond charge migration in ionized iodoacetylene', Science, vol. 350, no. 6262, pp. 790-795 . https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aab2160

Mbufong, HN, Kusbach, A, Lund, M, Persson, A, Christensen, TR , Tamstorf, MP & Connolly, J 2015 'Measurement-based upscaling of pan Arctic net ecosystem exchange: the PANEEx project'.

De Queiroz Herkrath, APC, Herkrath, FJ, Rebelo, MAB & Vettore, MV 2015, 'Measurement of health-related and oral health-related quality of life among individuals with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts: A systematic review and meta-analysis', Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 157-172. https://doi.org/10.1597/13-104

Jumel, J, Ben Salem, N, Budzik, MK & Shanahan, MER 2015, 'Measurement of interface cohesive stresses and strains evolutions with combined mixed mode crack propagation test and Backface Strain Monitoring measurements', International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 52, pp. 33-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2014.09.004

Sommer, SG 2015, 'Measurements of ammonia emission from grazing animals', Methods for estimating ammonia losses from organic pig production in free range systems and in barns with outdoor pens, Hovborg , Denmark, 05/10/2015 - 06/10/2015.

Bruun, NH , Fenger-Grøn, M & Prior, A, Measures of interaction contrast (biological interaction) - ic, ici and icp, 2015, Computer programme, Boston College Statistical Software Components (SSC) archive .

Merchant, ND, Fristrup, KM, Johnson, MP, Tyack, PL, Witt, MJ, Blondel, P & Parks, SE 2015, 'Measuring acoustic habitats', Methods in Ecology and Evolution, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 257-265. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12330

Rømer Thomsen, K 2015, 'Measuring anhedonia: Impaired ability to pursue, experience, and learn about reward', Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 6, 1409. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01409

Borup, KA , Fischer, KFF, Brown, DR, Snyder, GJ & Iversen, BB 2015, 'Measuring anisotropic resistivity of single crystals using the van der Pauw technique', Physical Review B, vol. 92, no. 4, 045210. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.92.045210

Pedersen, LL, Smets, BF & Dechesne, A 2015, 'Measuring biogeochemical heterogeneity at the micro scale in soils and sediments', Soil Biology & Biochemistry, vol. 90, pp. 122-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.003

Druckman, JN, Gilli, M, Klar, S & Robison, J 2015, 'Measuring Drug and Alcohol Use Among College Student-Athletes', Social Science Quarterly, vol. 96, no. 2, pp. 369-380. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12135

Coppedge, M, Lindberg, S, Skaaning, S-E & Teorell, J 2015 'Measuring High Level Democratic Principles using the V-Dem Data' The Varieties of Democracy Institute, University of Gothenburg. <https://v-dem.net/media/filer_public/61/64/6164b8a0-656c-4840-8ac0-ce9e4a7c2b2f/v-dem_working_paper_2015_6.pdf>

Bechmann, A & Klausen, HB 2015, Measuring impact across social media. in Rethink Impacts Reports. vol. 2, Aarhus, pp. 1-34. <http://projects.au.dk/fileadmin/user_upload/8._Report_Anja_Bechmann_Helle_Breth_Klausen.pdf>

Clausen, KK , Frederiksen, M & Madsen, J 2015, 'Measuring neck collar loss of Pink-footed Geese Anser brachyrhynchus', Bird Study, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 137-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2014.992858

Singer, S, Araújo, C, Arraras, JI, Baumann, I, Boehm, A, Brokstad Herlofson, B, Castro Silva, J, Chie, W-C, Fisher, S, Guntinas-Lichius, O, Hammerlid, E, Elisa Irarrázaval, M, Jensen Hjermstad, M, Jensen, K, Kiyota, N, Licitra, L, Nicolatou-Galitis, O, Pinto, M, Santos, M, Schmalz, C, Sherman, AC, Tomaszewska, IM, Verdonck de Leeuw, I, Yarom, N, Zotti, P, Hofmeister, D, EORTC Quality of Life Group & EORTC Head and Neck Cancer Group 2015, 'Measuring quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer: Update of the EORTC QLQ-H&N Module, Phase III', Head & Neck - Journal for the Sciences and Specialties of the Head and Neck, vol. 37, no. 9, pp. 1358-67. https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.23762

Schneider, JW & Sørensen, MP 2015, 'Measuring research performance of individual countries : the risk of methodological nationalism', Paper presented at ECPR General Conference 2015, Montreal, Canada, 26/08/2015 - 29/08/2015.

G, F, V, W & Stewart, L 2015, 'Measuring the earworm experience: The involuntary musical imagery scale (IMIS)', Ninth Triennial Conference of the European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music, Manchester, United Kingdom, 17/08/2015 - 22/08/2015.

Goduscheit, RC & Brendstrup, S 2015, Measuring the effects of continuous innovation projects: an additionality perspective. in Pursuing Innovation Leadership: Proceedings of the 16th International CINet Conference. Continuous Innovation Network.

Borup, K, De Boor, J, Wang, H, Drymiotis, F, Gascoin, F, Shi, X, Chen, L, Fedorov, MI, Müller, E, Iversen, BB & Snyder, GJ 2015, 'Measuring thermoelectric transport properties of materials', Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 423-435. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ee01320d

Olsson, P-I, Dahlin, T, Fiandaca, G & Auken, E 2015, 'Measuring time-domain spectral induced polarization in the on-time: decreasing acquisition time and increasing signal-to-noise ratio', Journal of Applied Geophysics, vol. 123, pp. 316-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2015.08.009

Rohrmann, S, Linseisen, J, Overvad, K , Lund Würtz, AM, Roswall, N, Tjønneland, A, Boutron-Ruault, M-C, Racine, A, Bastide, N, Palli, D, Agnoli, C, Panico, S, Tumino, R, Sacerdote, C, Weikert, S, Steffen, A, Kühn, T, Li, K, Khaw, K-T, Wareham, NJ, Bradbury, KE, Peppa, E, Trichopoulou, A, Trichopoulos, D, Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB, Peeters, PHM, Hjartåker, A, Skeie, G, Weiderpass, E, Jakszyn, P, Dorronsoro, M, Barricarte, A, Santiuste de Pablos, C, Molina-Montes, E, de la Torre, RA, Ericson, U, Sonestedt, E, Johansson, M, Ljungberg, B, Freisling, H, Romieu, I, Cross, AJ, Vergnaud, A-C, Riboli, E & Boeing, H 2015, 'Meat and fish consumption and the risk of renal cell carcinoma in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition', International Journal of Cancer, vol. 136, no. 5, pp. E423-31. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29236

Milkevych, V, Donose, B, Juste-Poinapen, N & Batstone, DJ 2015, 'Mechanical and cell-to-cell adhesive properties of aggregated Methanosarcina', Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol. 126, pp. 303–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.12.035

Henckel, P , Therkildsen, M, Raudsepp, P, Brüggemann, D & Groves, K 2015, Mechanically separated "meat". in Mechanically separated "meat"., M8-01, pp. 90-90, XXII European Symposium on the Quality of Poultry Meat, Nantes, France, 11/05/2015.

Bortolini, C , Jones, NC , Hoffmann, SV, Wang, C, Besenbacher, F & Dong, M 2015, 'Mechanical properties of amyloid-like fibrils defined by secondary structures', Nanoscale, vol. 7, pp. 7745-7752. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4NR05109B

sofie kodal, J, Dahlstrøm Severinsen, J & Larsen, ER 2015, 'Mechanical restraint and staffing level in a psychiatric ward', Nordic Congress of Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark, 20/09/2015 - 23/09/2015.

Nardinocchi, P, Pezzulla, M & Teresi, L 2015, 'Mechanics of Bio–hybrid Systems', Procedia IUTAM, vol. 12, pp. 145-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.piutam.2014.12.016

Foster, SD & Woodcock, J 2015, Mechanised Theory Engineering in Isabelle. in M Irlbeck, D Peled & A Pretschner (eds), Dependable Software Systems Engineering. vol. 40, IOS Press, N A T O Science for Peace and Security Series. D: Information and Communication Security, vol. 40, pp. 246-287. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-495-4-246

Korablov, D , Nielsen, TK , Besenbacher, F & Jensen, TR 2015, 'Mechanism and kinetics of early transition metal hydrides, oxides, and chlorides to enhance hydrogen release and uptake properties of MgH₂', Powder Diffraction, vol. 30, no. Suppl. S1, pp. S9-S15. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0885715615000056

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