Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Lilja-Fischer, JK , Saksø, M , Stougaard, M , Steiniche, T & Overgaard, J 2019, 'Distinguishing recurrence and new primary tumor as well as the origin of neck metastases in head and neck cancer clinical trials by targeted DNA sequencing', Acta Oncologica, vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 1506-1508. https://doi.org/10.1080/0284186X.2019.1629015

Gupta, A, Kumar, D, Chakraborti, A & Kumar Singh, V 2019, Distinguishing two different mental states of human thought using soft computing approaches. in M Tanveer & RB Pachori (eds), Machine Intelligence and Signal Analysis. Springer Verlag, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 748, pp. 323-333, International conference on Machine Intelligence and Signal Processing, MISP 2017, Indore, India, 22/12/2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0923-6_28

Tække, J & Paulsen, M 2019, 'Distraction and digital media: Multiplexing, not multitasking in the classroom', Læring og medier (LOM), no. 21. <https://tidsskrift.dk/lom/article/download/111801/162590/>

Larsen, AH & Thingholm, HB 2019, 'Distribuerede og fleksible forløb om studiestrategier: Takeaway Teaching er et design, der rummer forløb med fokus på generiske studiestrategier. Disse forløb er nemme at tilpasse og integrere i undervisningen via distribution i LMS.'.

Pedersen, N, Lausdahl, KG, Vidal, ES, Thule, C , Larsen, PG & Madsen, J 2019, Distributed Co-simulation of Embedded Control Software Using INTO-CPS. in M S. Obaidat, T Ören & F De Rango (eds), Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications - 7th International Conference, SIMULTECH 2017, Revised Selected Papers: SIMULTECH 2017, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 873, pp. 33-54, 7th International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications , Madrid, Spain, 26/07/2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01470-4_3

Mehta, PL & Prasad, R 2019, 'Distributed Dynamic Backhauling in Aerial Heterogeneous Networks', Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 109, no. 1, pp. 621-643. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-019-06582-w

Andersen, KJA & Sergey, I 2019, Distributed Protocol Combinators. in JJ Alferes & M Johansson (eds), Practical Aspects of Declarative Languages - 21st International Symposium, PADL 2019, Proceedings: 21th International Symposium, PADL 2019, Lisbon, Portugal, January 14-15, 2019, Proceedings. 1 edn, vol. 11372, Springer VS, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 169-186, 21st International Symposium on Practical Aspects of Declarative Languages, Cascais, Portugal, 14/01/2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05998-9_11

Aagaard, J 2019, 'Distributed self-control? Laptops, distraction, and classroom rules charts', International Society for Theoretical Psychology (ISTP), Copenhagen 2019, Copenhagen, Denmark, 19/08/2019 - 23/08/2019.

Onnen, N , Heckrath, G, Stevens, A, Olsen, P , Greve, MB , Pullens, JWM , Kronvang, B & Van Oost, K 2019, 'Distributed water erosion modelling at fine spatial resolution across Denmark', Geomorphology, vol. 342, pp. 150-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.06.011

Ko, EJ, Gim, JS, Hong, S, Jo, H, Kim, JY, Hirose, M, Won, DH, Kim, HW & Joo, GJ 2019, 'Distribution and growth of non-native bryozoan Pectinatella magnifica (Leidy, 1851) in four large rivers in South Korea', Aquatic Invasions, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 384-396. https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2019.14.2.14

Guo, L, Wang, J, Li, M, Liu, L, Xu, J, Cheng, J, Gang, C, Yu, Q, Chen, J, Peng, C & Luedeling, E 2019, 'Distribution margins as natural laboratories to infer species’ flowering responses to climate warming and implications for frost risk', Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol. 268, pp. 299-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.01.038

Šuláková, M, Pazlarová, J, Meyer, RL & Demnerová, K 2019, 'Distribution of extracellular DNA in Listeria monocytogenes biofilm', Czech Journal of Food Sciences, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 409-416. https://doi.org/10.17221/9/2019-CJFS

Glimelius, I, Englund, A, Rostgaard, K, Smedby, KE, Eloranta, S, Brown, PDN, Johansen, C, Kamper, P, Ljungman, G, Hjalgrim, LL & Hjalgrim, H 2019, 'Distribution of hospital care among pediatric and young adult Hodgkin lymphoma survivors-A population-based cohort study from Sweden and Denmark', Cancer Medicine, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 4918-4927. https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.2363

Nielsen, MT, Weibel, R, Therkelsen, J & Friis, H 2019, 'Distribution of porosity-preserving microquartz coatings in sandstones, Upper Jurassic Danish Central Graben', Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin, vol. 43, e2019430103. https://doi.org/10.34194/GEUSB-201943-01-03

Kremp, A, Hansen, PJ, Tillmann, U, Savela, H, Suikkanen, S, Voß, D, Barrera, F, Jakobsen, HH & Krock, B 2019, 'Distributions of three Alexandrium species and their toxins across a salinity gradient suggest an increasing impact of GDA producing A. pseudogonyaulax in shallow brackish waters of Northern Europe', Harmful Algae, vol. 87, 101622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2019.101622

Alibrandi, U & M. Mosalam, K 2019, Distribution with Independent Components for Uncertainty Quantification and Structural Reliability Analysis. in 13th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering, ICASP13. Seoul National University, ICASP13, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 26/05/2019. <http://s-space.snu.ac.kr/bitstream/10371/153370/1/173.pdf>

Forslind, S, Blokhuis, H & Riber, AB 2019, 'Disturbance of resting behaviour of broilers under different environmental conditions', 4th Animal Welfare Science Symposium, Uppsala, Sweden, 16/05/2019 - 17/05/2019 pp. 25.

Mikkelsen, L 2019, 'Disturbances from anthropogenic noise and mitigation of harmful sounds in porpoises and seals'.

Herold, MD & Søgaard, TF 2019, 'Disturbing the ‘spoiled-unspoiled’ binary: performances of recovering identities in drug-experienced youths’ friendship narratives', Addiction Research and Theory, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 226-234. https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2018.1493462

Buus, NH & Simonsen, U 2019, Diuretika. in K Brøsen, U Simonsen & K Dalhoff (eds), Basal og klinisk farmakologi. 6. edn, FADL's Forlag, Roskilde, pp. 337-352.

Avetisyan, K, Eckert, W, Findlay, AJ & Kamyshny, A 2019, 'Diurnal variations in sulfur transformations at the chemocline of a stratified freshwater lake', Biogeochemistry, vol. 146, no. 1, pp. 83-100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-019-00601-5

Hervías-Parejo, S, Heleno, R, Nogales, M, Olesen, JM & Traveset, A 2019, 'Divergence in floral trait preferences between nonflower-specialized birds and insects on the Galápagos', American Journal of Botany, vol. 106, no. 4, pp. 540-546. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1270

Hedegaard-Sørensen, L & Hamre, B 2019, Divergent agendas within the Danish school policy and the dilemmas this creates for teachers working with inclusive education. in BM Rice (ed.), Global perspectives on inclusive teacher education. IGI global, Hershey, PA, pp. 246-259. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7703-4.ch015

Andreassen, IH, Einarsdottir, S, Lerkkanen, J, Thomsen, R & Wikstrand, F 2019, 'Diverse histories, common ground and a shared future: the education of career guidance and counselling professionals in the Nordic countries', International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 411-436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-018-09386-9

Copete, JC, Sánchez, M, Cámara-Leret, R & Balslev, H 2019, 'Diversidad de comunidades de palmas en el chocó biogeográfico y su relación con la precipitación', Caldasia, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 358-369. https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v41n2.66576

Christensen, M 2019, 'Diversificering', Finans/Invest, no. 1, pp. 7-12.

Mylonas, C, Papandroulakis, N, Correiro, A, Montero, D, Hernández, CM, Banovic, M, Tacken, G & Robles, R 2019, 'DIVERSIFY - Rearing of greater amberjack', Aquaculture Europe, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 18-25. <https://www.aquaeas.eu/publications-new/eas-magazine>

Lövei, GL, Horváth, R, Elek, Z & Magura, T 2019, 'Diversity and assemblage filtering in ground-dwelling spiders (Araneae) along an urbanisation gradient in Denmark', Urban Ecosystems, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 345-353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-018-0819-x

Lin, S , Liu, H , Svenningsen, EB, Pedersen, C, Nørby, P , Tørring, T & Poulsen, T 2019 'Diversity Focused Semisyntheses of Tetronate Polyether Ionophores' ChemRxiv. <https://chemrxiv.org/articles/Diversity_Focused_Semisyntheses_of_Tetronate_Polyether_Ionophores/8299715>

Sandfeld, T , Busck, MM , Bilde, T , Lund, MB & Schramm, A 2019, 'Diversity, Localization, and Microenvironments of the Specific Bacterial Symbionts of Social Spiders (Stegodyphus dumicola)', Gordon Research Conference on Animal-Microbe Symbioses, West Dover, United States, 16/12/2019 - 21/12/2019.

Kiiker, R, Skrabule, I, Ronis, A, Cooke, DEL, Hansen, JG, Williams, IH, Mänd, M & Runno-Paurson, E 2019, 'Diversity of populations of Phytophthora infestans in relation to patterns of potato crop management in Latvia and Lithuania', Plant Pathology, vol. 68, no. 6, pp. 1207-1214. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13030

Szafranski, SP, Kilian, M, Yang, I, Wieden, GBD, Winkel, A, Hegermann, J & Stiesch, M 2019, 'Diversity patterns of bacteriophages infecting Aggregatibacter and Haemophilus species across clades and niches', ISME Journal, vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 2500-2522. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-019-0450-8

Kunst, JR, Thomsen, L & Dovidio, JF 2019, 'Divided Loyalties: Perceptions of Disloyalty Underpin Bias Toward Dually-Identified Minority-Group Members', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 117, no. 4, pp. 807-838. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000168

Gould, J, Valdez, JW, Clulow, J & Clulow, S 2019, 'Diving beetle offspring oviposited in amphibian spawn prey on the tadpoles upon hatching', Entomological Science, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 393-397. https://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12381

Thers, H , Petersen, SO & Elsgaard, L 2019, 'DMPP reduced nitrification, but not annual N2O emissions from mineral fertilizer applied to oilseed rape on a sandy loam soil', Global change biology. Bioenergy, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 1396-1407. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12642

Andersen, LW 2019, 'DNA analyse af formodede odderekskrementer og blodprøver fra udsatte oddere i Vestsjælland', 10 p., Notat fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi (2011-2019).

Olsen, K , Sunde, P , Hansen, MM & Thomsen, PF 2019, 'DNA-analyser fra ulvene GW923f, GW675f og GW491m samt supplerende artsbestemmelse af GW923f', 17 p., Notat fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi (2011-2019). <http://dce.au.dk/fileadmin/dce.au.dk/Udgivelser/Notater_2019/Notat_GW023f_20190201.pdf>

Olsen, K , Sunde, P , Hansen, MM , Thomsen, PF & Anders Johannes, A 2019, 'DNA-analyser og beskrivelse af den Centraleuropæiske ulvebestand, herunder identifikation af ulve og ulvehybrider', 15 p., Notat fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi (2011-2019). <http://dce.au.dk/fileadmin/dce.au.dk/Udgivelser/Notater_2019/DNA_analyser_Centraleuropaeisk_ulvebestand.pdf>

Ferrara, V, Ottaviani, A, Cavaleri, F, Arrabito, G, Cancemi, P, Ho, YP , Knudsen, BR , Hede, MS, Pellerito, C, Desideri, A, Feo, S, Marletta, G & Pignataro, B 2019, DNA-based biosensor on flexible nylon substrate by dip-pen lithography for topoisomerase detection. in B Andò, F Baldini, P Siciliano, M Rossi, L Scalise, C Di Natale, V Ferrari, V Militello, G Miolo, V Marletta & G Marrazza (eds), Sensors. Springer, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol. 539, pp. 309-316, 4th National Conference on Sensors, 2018, Catania, Italy, 21/02/2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04324-7_39

Zinger, L, Bonin, A, Alsos, IG, Bálint, M, Bik, H, Boyer, F, Chariton, AA, Creer, S, Coissac, E, Deagle, BE, De Barba, M, Dickie, IA, Dumbrell, AJ, Ficetola, GF, Fierer, N, Fumagalli, L, Gilbert, MTP, Jarman, S, Jumpponen, A, Kauserud, H, Orlando, L, Pansu, J, Pawlowski, J, Tedersoo, L, Thomsen, PF, Willerslev, E & Taberlet, P 2019, 'DNA metabarcoding—Need for robust experimental designs to draw sound ecological conclusions', Molecular Ecology, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 1857-1862. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15060

Liu, S , Aagaard, A , Bechsgaard, J & Bilde, T 2019, 'DNA Methylation Patterns in the Social Spider, Stegodyphus dumicola', Genes, vol. 10, no. 2, 137. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10020137

Selnihhin, D, Simonsen, JB & Pedersen, FS Aug. 08 2019, DNA ORIGAMI BEADS FOR FLUORESCENCE QUANTIFICATION IN MICROFLUIDICS, Patent No. WO2019149932 (A1). <https://dk.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=dk_DK&FT=D&date=20190808&CC=WO&NR=2019149932A1&KC=A1#>

Ferrando, B, Furlanetto, ALDM, Gredilla, R, Havelund, JF, Hebelstrup, KH , Møller, IM & Stevnsner, T 2019, 'DNA repair in plant mitochondria - a complete base excision repair pathway in potato tuber mitochondria', Physiologia Plantarum, vol. 166, no. 2, pp. 494-512. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.12801

Paludan, SR , Reinert, LS & Hornung, V 2019, 'DNA-stimulated cell death: implications for host defence, inflammatory diseases and cancer', Nature Reviews Immunology, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 141-153. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-018-0117-0

Larsen, JL & Schepelern Johansen, K 2019, Dobbeltdiagnose - en ubekvem betegnelse i det tværsektorielle arbejde? in B Bjerge & E Houborg (eds), Rusmiddelbrugere i krydsfeltet mellem sektorer og fagligheder. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Aarhus, Samfund og Rusmidler, no. 6, pp. 137-157.

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Ebert, JF , Huibers, L , Christensen, B, Lippert, FK & Christensen, MB 2019, 'Do callers to out-of-hours care misuse an option to jump the phone queue?', Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 207-217. https://doi.org/10.1080/02813432.2019.1608067

Grunert, KG 2019, Do consumers care about micronutrients? a perspective on the possible role of vitamin e in the dietary choices of consumers. in P Weber, M Birringer, JB Blumberg, M Eggersdorfer & J Frank (eds), Vitamin e in human health. Humana Press, Cham, pp. 435-444. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05315-4_30

Møller, JE & Henriksen, JN 2019, 'Doctors’ perspectives on mandatory communication skills courses during residency', International Conference on Communication in Healthcare (ICCH), San Diego, United States, 27/10/2019 - 30/10/2019.

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