Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Pedersen, NA 2015, 'Titus: [Review of] Titi Bostrensis Contra Manichaeos Libri IV Graece et Syriace, eds. Paul-Hubert Poirier et al.', Vigiliae Christianae, vol. 69, no. 5, pp. 571-574. https://doi.org/10.1163/15700720-12341245

Pedersen, NA 2015, 'Titus of Bostra has finally become available in a proper edition', Manichaean Studies Newsletter, vol. 29, pp. 17-17.

Vinter, H , Kragballe, K , Steiniche, T, Gaestel, M, Iversen, L & Johansen, C 2015, 'TNFα plays a significant role in the Aldara-induced skin inflammation in mice', British Journal of Dermatology. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.14320

Krencker, F-N, Bodin, S, Suan, G, Heimhofer, U, Kabiri, L & Immenhauser, A 2015, 'Toarcian extreme warmth led to tropical cyclone intensification', Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol. 425, pp. 120-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.003

Antin, TMJ, Lipperman-Kreda, S & Hunt, G 2015, 'Tobacco denormalization as a public health strategy: Implications for sexual and gender minorities', American Journal of Public Health, vol. 105, no. 12, pp. 2426-2429. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302806

Dürr, DW, Høyer, BB, Christensen, LH, Pedersen, HS, Zinchuk, A, Jönsson, BA, Lindh, CH, Bonde, JP & Toft, G 2015, 'Tobacco smoking during pregnancy and risk of adverse behaviour in offspring: A follow-up study', Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.), vol. 58, pp. 65-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.08.005

K. Seid, A, Grittner, U, Greenfield, TK & Bloomfield, K 2015, 'To cause harm and to be harmed by others: New perspectives on alcohol's harms to others', Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, vol. 9, no. S2, pp. 13-22. https://doi.org/10.4137/SART.S23506

Pedersen, TF & Theil, PK 2015, 'To-component foder hæver mælkeydelsen og sparer foder', Svin, vol. Juni 2015.

Jensen, HS 2015, Tog bølgen land: om hvordan it tog land i Danmark og i skolen. in H Nielsen, HS Jensen & KH Nielsen (eds), Forandringens Vinde : Nye teknologihistorier. 1. edn, Praxis, København, pp. 241-281. <http://ef.praxis.dk/B%C3%B8ger-EF/Emner-EF/Samfund/Teknologi/124002-1__Forandringens-vinde.aspx>

Eriksson, B 2015, 'Together, in Aarhus and beyond? Current participatory challenges among university students ', Paper presented at The Democratic Public Sphere, Aarhus, Denmark, 05/11/2015 - 07/11/2015.

Skydsgaard, MA 2015, Toilettet: Vandforsyning og kloakering. in 50 opfindelser: Højdepunkter i teknologien. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Aarhus, 50 højdepunkter, vol. 3, pp. 159-164.

Kragstrup, TW , Andersen, T , Holm, C , Schiøttz-Christensen, B , Jurik, AG , Hvid, M & Deleuran, B 2015, 'Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 induced IL-19 dampens immune reactions and associates inversely with spondyloarthritis disease activity', Clinical and Experimental Immunology, vol. 180, no. 2, pp. 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1111/cei.12577

Serralheiro, C, Duflot, D, Ferreira da Silva, F, Hoffmann, SV , Jones, NC, Mason, NJ, Mendes, B & Limao-Vieira, P 2015, 'Toluene Valence and Rydberg Excitations as Studied by ab initio Calculations and Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Synchrotron Radiation', The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part A, vol. 119, no. 34, pp. 9059-9069. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.5b05080

Jensen, P, Bendtsen, MD, Johnsen, HE , Bøgsted, M & El-Galaly, TC 2015, 'To maintain or not, that is the question', British Journal of Haematology. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.13761

Chen, S, Zhenjiang, Z , Andersen, MN & Hu, T-T 2015, 'Tomato Yield and Water Use Efficiency - Coupling Effects between Growth Stage Specific Soil Water Deficits', Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil & Plant Science, vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 460-469. https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2015.1024279

Møllegaard Friborg, R, Jon Ison, Kristoffer Rapacki, Hervé Ménager, Matúš Kalaš, Emil Rydza, Piotr Chmura, Christian Anthon, Niall Beard, Karel Berka, Dan Bolser, Tim Booth, Anthony Bretaudeau, Jan Brezovsky, Rita Casadio, Gianni Cesareni, Frederik Coppens, Michael Cornell, Gianmauro Cuccuru, Kristian Davidsen, Gianluca Della Vedova, Tunca Dogan, Olivia Doppelt-Azeroual, Laura Emery, Elisabeth Gasteiger, Thomas Gatter, Tatyana Goldberg, Marie Grosjean, Björn Grüning, Manuela Helmer-Citterich, Hans Ienasescu, Vassilios Ioannidis, Martin Closter Jespersen, Rafael Jimenez, Nick Juty, Peter Juvan, Maximilian Koch, Camille Laibe, Jing-Woei Li, Luana Licata, Fabien Mareuil, Ivan Mičetić & Sebastien Moretti, Chris Morris, Steffen Möller, Aleksandra Nenadic, Hedi Peterson, Giuseppe Profiti, Peter Rice, Paolo Romano, Paola Roncaglia, Rabie Saidi, Andrea Schafferhans, Veit Schwämmle, Callum Smith, Maria Maddalena Sperotto, Heinz Stockinger, Radka Svobodová Vařeková, Silvio C.E. Tosatto, Victor de la Torre, Paolo Uva, Allegra Via, Guy Yachdav, Federico Zambelli, Gert Vriend, Burkhard Rost, Helen Parkinson, Peter Løngreen, Søren Brunak 2015, 'Tools and data services registry: a community effort to document bioinformatics resources', Nucleic Acids Research, vol. 44, no. D1, pp. D38-D47. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv1116

Madsen, J 2015, Too many geese? in S Redpath, RJ Gutiérrez, KA Wood & JC Young (eds), Conflicts in Conservation: Navigating towards Solutions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 105-107.

Geertz, AW 2015, 'Too much mind and not enough brain, body and culture: On what needs to be done in the cognitive science of religion', Culture and Research, vol. 4, pp. 1-26. <http://ejournals.lib.auth.gr/culres/issue/view/773>

Mundbjerg, K , Jørgensen, SW , Fredsøe, J, Nielsen, I, Pedersen, JM , Bentsen, IB, Lisby, M, Bjergbaek, L & Andersen, AH 2015, 'Top2 and Sgs1-Top3 Act Redundantly to Ensure rDNA Replication Termination', PLoS Genetics, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. e1005697. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005697

Larsen, SN 2015, Top-down university governance eradicates thinking and good teaching. in E Westergaard & J Wiewiura (eds), On the facilitation of the academy. Brill | Sense, Rotterdam, pp. 87-100. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-974-6_7

Grønhøj, A & Gram, M 2015, To pester or please? Methodological challenges of interviewing pre‐school children about consumer decision‐making influence. in Workshop on Interpretive Consumer Research. Workshop on Interpretive Consumer Research, edinburgh, United Kingdom, 16/04/2015.

Haroutounian, S , Nikolajsen, L , Finnerup, NB & Jensen, TS 2015, 'Topical Capsaicin Response as a Phenotypic Measure in Patients with Pain', Pain Medicine, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 823-825. https://doi.org/10.1111/pme.12657

Oddershede , A , Svenning, J-C & Damgaard, C 2015, 'Topographically determined water availability shapes functional patterns of plant communities within and across habitat types', Plant Ecology, vol. 216, no. 9, pp. 1231-1242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-015-0504-6

Joergensen, NL , Le, DQS , Andersen, OZ , Foss, M , Danielsen, CC , Foldager, CB , Lind, M & Lysdahl, H 2015, 'Topography-Guided Proliferation: Distinct Surface Microtopography Increases Proliferation of Chondrocytes In Vitro', Tissue Engineering. Part A, vol. 21, no. 21-22, pp. 2757-2765. https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0697

Jakobsen, A-K , Lauridsen, KL, Samuel, EB, Proszek, J, Knudsen, BR , Hager, H & Stougaard, M 2015, 'Topoisomerase I and tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 activities are upregulated and correlate in non-small cell lung cancer tissue', Virchows Archiv, vol. 467, no. Suppl 1, PS-10-019, pp. S163-S163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-015-1805-9

Andersen, JE , Chekhov, L, Norbury, P & Penner, R 2015, 'Topological recursion for Gaussian means and cohomological field theories', Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, vol. 185, no. 3, pp. 1685-1717. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11232-015-0373-0

Winther, IW 2015, 'To practice mobility: on a small scale', Culture Unbound: Journal of Current Cultural Research, vol. 7, no. theme 2, pp. 215-231. <http://www.cultureunbound.ep.liu.se/v7/a13/cu15v7a13.pdf>

Maribo, H, Jørgensen, L, Jensen, SK & Birch Hansen, LH 2015, 'To rapskvaliteter til smågrise og slagtesvin', Meddelelse, no. 1046.

Larsen, SN 2015, 'Tør investeringsjeget kritisere sig selv og tænke sig om? fire historiefortællende idéhistorikere sætter fokus på økonomi som levet liv i en ramsaltet kritik af økonomividenskabens abstrakte modelmageri og dens grundantagelser om individets nyttemaksimering og markedssamfundets velsignelser', Information, pp. 26.

Lippert-Rasmussen, K 2015, ''To Serve and Protect': The Ends of Harm by Victor Tadros', Criminal Law and Philosophy, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 49-71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11572-013-9216-y

Egelund, N 2015, 'Tosprogede unges læsning - belyst med PISA', Viden om Laesning, no. 18, pp. 6-11. <http://www.videnomlaesning.dk/media/1396/18_niels-egelund.pdf>

Alstrup, AKO & Jensen, LF 2015, 'To strandede kaskelotter langs den jyske vestkyst', Dansk Veterinærtidsskrift.

Sanikini, H, Dik, VK, Siersema, PD, Bhoo-Pathy, N, Uiterwaal, CSPM, Peeters, PHM, Gonzales, CA, Zamora-Ros, R, Overvad, K, Tjønneland, A, Roswall, N, Boutron-Ruault, M-C, Fagherazzi, G, Racine, A, Kühn, T, Katzke, V, Boeing, H, Trichopoulou, A, Trichopoulos, D, Lagiou, P, Palli, D, Grioni, S, Vineis, P, Tumino, R, Panico, S, Weiderpass, E, Skeie, G, Braaten, T, Huerta, J-M, Sánchez-Cantalejo, E, Barricarte, A, Sonestedt, E, Wallstrom, P, Nilsson, LM, Johansson, I, Bradbury, KE, Khaw, K-T, Wareham, N, Huybrechts, I, Freisling, H, Cross, AJ, Riboli, E & Bueno-de-Mesquita, HBA 2015, 'Total, caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee and tea intake and gastric cancer risk: Results from the EPIC cohort study', International Journal of Cancer, vol. 136, no. 6, pp. E720-30. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29223

Naz, A, Ahmad, N & Naveed, A 2015, 'Total Factor Productivity and Trade: A Panel Data Analysis', Forman Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 11, pp. 103-128.

Murray, C , Christensen, JPA , Markager, S & Timmermann, K 2015, 'Total kvælstof og fosfor koncentrationer i danske fjorde over 21 år - effekten af belastningsreduktioner', 18. Danske Havforskermøde, Copenhagen, Denmark, 28/01/2015 - 30/01/2015. <http://havforsk2015.geus.dk/index.shtml>

Jensen, MF 2015, 'Total magt korrumperer ikke', Jyllands-Posten, vol. Viden, pp. 12-13.

Ren, C, Wang, L, Zheng, B & Holbach, A 2015, 'Total nitrogen sources of the three Gorges reservoir - A spatio-temporal approach', PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 10, e0141458. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141458

Poulsen, T 2015, 'Total syntheses of rakicidin A and BE-43547A1', Planta Medica, vol. 81, no. 11, IL8. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1556105

Kallestrup, P 2015, “To Travel With Your Profession Is to Live and Learn”: Educational Exchanges in Family Medicine Training - the Hippokrates Exchange Programme . in M Ungan & C Steylaerts (eds), World Book of Family Medicine - European Edition 2015. WONCA, Wonca Europe, pp. 163-65.

Albertsen, A 2015, 'Tough Luck and Tough Choices: Applying Luck Egalitarianism to Oral Health', Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 342-362. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhv001

Madsen, ND , Steffensen, S , Jensen, HM & Bøttiger, J 2015, 'Toughness measurement of thin films based on circumferential cracks induced at conical indentation', International Journal of Fracture, vol. 193, no. 2, pp. 117-130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-015-0022-5, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-015-0022-5

Brewer, RS , Verdezoto, N, Holst, T & Rasmussen, MK 2015, Tough Shift: Exploring the Complexities of Shifting Residential Electricity Use Through a Casual Mobile Game. in CHI PLAY '15 : Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play . Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 307-317, The ACM SIGCHI Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play (CHI PLAY 2015), London, United Kingdom, 05/10/2015. https://doi.org/10.1145/2793107.2793108

Hansen, JK , Jacobsen, PE , Simonsen, JL, Hovgaard, O & Haubek, D 2015, 'Tourette syndrome and procedures related to dental treatment; a systematic review', Special Care in Dentistry, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 99-104. https://doi.org/10.1111/scd.12098

von Essen, E, Hansen, HP, Nordström Källström, H, Peterson, N & Peterson, TR 2015, Toward a critical and interdisciplinary understanding of illegal hunting: a synthesis of research workshop findings. <http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/11559/1/essen_e_etal_150320.pdf>

Andersen, OJ , Grouleff, J, Needham, P, Walker, RC & Jensen, F 2015, 'Toward an Enhanced Sampling Molecular Dynamics Method for Studying Ligand-Induced Conformational Changes in Proteins', Journal of Physical Chemistry Part B: Condensed Matter, Materials, Surfaces, Interfaces & Biophysical, vol. 119, no. 46, pp. 14594-14603. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b07816

Yang, B, Guo, C, Ma, Y & Jensen, CS 2015, 'Toward personalized, context-aware routing', V L D B Journal, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 297-318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00778-015-0378-1

Ziegler, H, Berthet, T, Atzmüller, R, Bonvin, J-M & Kjeldsen, CC 2015, Towards a capabilities perspective on vulnerable young people in Europe: an introduction. in H-U Otto (ed.), Facing trajectories from school to work: towards a capability-friendly youth policy in Europe. Springer Science+Business Media, Cham, Schweiz, Technical and Vocational Education and Training, vol. 20, pp. 3-18.

Saad-Sulonen, J & Korsgaard, H 2015, 'Towards a concept of community artifact ecology in HCI?', Paper presented at CHI, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 18/04/2015 - 23/04/2015.

Stephensen, JL 2015, 'Towards a Digital Materialism: Review essay on Christian Fuchs (2015), Culture and Economy in the Age of Social Media, London: Routledge.', Conjunctions : transdisciplinary journal of cultural participation, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 154-171. <http://www.conjunctions-tjcp.com/article/view/22927/20042>

Ingibergsson Mogensen, JT, Suvei, S-D, Hansen, MK , Christiansen, P & Schultz, UP 2015, Towards a DSL for Perception-Based Safety Systems. in Towards a DSL for Perception-Based Safety Systems. pp. 2, 6th International Workshop on Domain-Specific Languages and models for Robotic systems (DSLROB 15), Hamburg, Germany, 28/09/2015.

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