Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Saros, JE, Anderson, NJ, Juggins, S, McGowan, S, Yde, JC, Telling, J, Bullard, JE, Yallop, ML, Heathcote, AJ, Burpee, BT, Fowler, RA, Barry, CD, Northington, RM, Osburn, CL, Pla-Rabes, S, Mernild, SH, Whiteford, EJ, Grace Andrews, M, Kerby, JT & Post, E 2019, 'Arctic climate shifts drive rapid ecosystem responses across the West Greenland landscape', Environmental Research Letters, vol. 14, no. 7, 074027. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab2928

Veldhuis, D , Tejsner, P , Riede, F , Høye, TT & Willerslev, R 2019, 'Arctic Disequilibrium: Shifting human-environmental systems', Cross-Cultural Research, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 243-251. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397118815132

Nainggolan, D, Carson, M, Mattsson, T, Väisänen, S, Dodd, L, Nõmmann, T, Pohjola, J, Lehtoranta , V & Oinonen, S 2019, Arctic freshwaters, ecosystem services and natural capital. in S Oinonen, J Pohjola, J Salminen, V Lehtoranta, T Mattsson, S Väisänen, L Dodd, G Stefansdottir, E Aronsen, M Carson, T Nõmmann & D Nainggolan (eds), Arctic Freshwater Natural Capital in the Nordic Countries. Nordic Council of Ministers, Cph., TemaNord, no. 2019:505, pp. 11-26. https://doi.org/10.6027/TN2019-505

Docherty, CL, Dugdale, SJ, Milner, AM, Abermann, J, Lund, M & Hannah, DM 2019, 'Arctic river temperature dynamics in a changing climate', River Research and Applications, vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 1212-1227. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3537

Bloomfield, K, Berg-Beckhoff, G, Kedir Seid, A & Stock, C 2019, 'Area-level relative deprivation and alcohol use in Denmark: Is there a relationship?', Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 428-438. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494818787101

Søndergaard, SF , Frederiksen, K, Sørensen, EE & Lorentzen, V 2019, 'A Realistic Evaluation of Danish Perioperative Nurses’ Documentation Practices', AORN Journal, vol. 110, no. 5, pp. 500-509. https://doi.org/10.1002/aorn.12840

Stærk, M 2019, 'Are Basic Life Support Instructors Competent?', Randers Forskningssymposium 2019, Randers, Denmark, 07/11/2019 - 07/11/2019.

Boje, J , Caspersen, CK , Jakobsen, SS , Søballe, K & Mechlenburg, I 2019, 'Are changes in pain associated with changes in quality of life and hip function 2 years after periacetabular osteotomy? A follow-up study of 321 patients', Journal of hip preservation surgery, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 69-76. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhps/hnz009

Agarwal, G, Clevenger, J, Kale, SM , Wang, H, Pandey, MK, Choudhary, D, Yuan, M, Wang, X, Culbreath, AK, Holbrook, CC, Liu, X, Varshney, RK & Guo, B 2019, 'A recombination bin-map identified a major QTL for resistance to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus in peanut (Arachis hypogaea)', Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 1, 18246. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-54747-1

Vermassen, F, Andreasen, N, Wangner, DJ, Thibault, NR, Seidenkrantz, MS, Jackson, R, Schmidt, S, Kjær, KH & Andresen, CS 2019, 'A reconstruction of warm-water inflow to Upernavik Isstrøm since 1925CE and its relation to glacier retreat', Climate of the Past, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 1171-1186. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1171-2019

Kidmose, U , Warming, L , Pedersen, L , Bertelsen, AS , Mielby, LA & Byrne, DV 2019, 'Are cross-modal interactions in sweet beverages influenced by demographic factors?', Pangborn 2019: 13th Sensory science symposium, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 28/07/2019 - 01/08/2019.

Jensen, LO & Christiansen, EH 2019, 'Are drug-eluting stents safer than bare-metal stents?', The Lancet, vol. 393, no. 10190, pp. 2472-2474. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31000-1

Sovacool, BK , Kester, J , Noel, L & Zarazua de Rubens, G 2019, 'Are electric vehicles masculinized? Gender, identity, and environmental values in Nordic transport practices and vehicle-to-grid (V2G)preferences', Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, vol. 72, pp. 187-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2019.04.013

Pedersen, HA 2019, 'A Re-Examination of the Lemma through Digital and Functional Lenses', HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 207-230. https://doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v59i1.117040

Gilg, O, Bollache, L, Afonso, E, Yannic, G, Schmidt, NM , Hansen, LH , Hansen, J, Sittler, B, Lang, J, Meyer, N, Sabard, B, Gilg, V, Lang, A, Lebbar, M, Haukisalmi, V, Henttonen, H & Moreau, J 2019, 'Are gastrointestinal parasites associated with the cyclic population dynamics of their arctic lemming hosts?', International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, vol. 10, pp. 6-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.06.011

Vilhelmsen, T, Marker, PA, Foged, N, Wernberg, T, Auken, E , Christiansen, AV, Bauer-Gottwein, P, Christensen, S & Hoyer, A-S 2019, 'A Regional Scale Hydrostratigraphy Generated from Geophysical Data of Varying Age, Type, and Quality', Water Resources Management, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 539-553. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-018-2115-1

Løvschal, M , Håkonsson, DD & Amoke, I 2019, 'Are goats the new elephants in the room? Changing land-use strategies in Greater Mara, Kenya', Land Use Policy, vol. 80, pp. 395-399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.04.029

Fazekas, P & Kertesz, G 2019, 'Are higher mechanistic levels causally autonomous?', Philosophy of Science, vol. 86, no. 5, pp. 847-857. https://doi.org/10.1086/705450

Pedersen, AB , Nielsen, HØ, Christensen, T, Ørum, JE & Martinsen, L 2019, 'Are independent agricultural advisors more oriented towards recommending reduced pesticide use than supplier-affiliated advisors?', Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 242, pp. 507-514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.091

Bager-Elsborg, A , Herrmann, KJ, Troelsen, R & Ulriksen, L 2019, 'Are leavers different from stayers? Dropout and students’ perceptions of the teaching–learning environment', Uniped, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 139-156. https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.1893-8981-2019-02-03

Glassley, WE 2019, 'A remote region, revealed: A new tome tells tales of adventurers and scientists who have wrested secrets from Greenland's daunting landscape', Science, vol. 364, no. 6447, pp. 1241. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax4901

Diken, B & Laustsen, CB 2019, 'Arendt's Political Theology - from political religion to profanation', Arendt Studies, vol. 3, pp. 111-131. https://doi.org/10.5840/arendtstudies201982721

Riis, CL, Bechmann, T, Jensen, PT, Coulter, A & Steffensen, KD 2019, 'Are patient-reported outcomes useful in post-treatment follow-up care for women with early breast cancer? A scoping review', Patient Related Outcome Measures, vol. 10, pp. 117-127. https://doi.org/10.2147/PROM.S195296

Hansen, HL & Cento Bull, A 2019, A Reply to Nathan Sznaider. UNREST web page.

Asmala, E , Carstensen, J, Conley, DJ, Slomp, CP, Stadmark, J & Voss, M 2019, 'A reply to the comment by Karlsson et al.', Limnology and Oceanography, vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 1832-1833. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11195

Nielsen, RO , Debes-Kristensen, K, Hulme, A, Bertelsen, ML , Møller, M , Parner, ET & Mansournia, MA 2019, 'Are prevalence measures better than incidence measures in sports injury research?', British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 53, no. 7, pp. 396-397. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098205

Hansen, NB, Hansen, M, Campbell, R, Elklit, A , Hansen, OI & Bramsen, RH 2019, 'Are rape cases closed because of rape stereotypes? Results from a Danish police district', Nordic Psychology, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 51-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2018.1470552

Nielsen, MV, Moriggl, B, Hoermann, R, Nielsen, TD , Bendtsen, TF & Børglum, J 2019, 'Are single-injection erector spinae plane block and multiple-injection costotransverse block equivalent to thoracic paravertebral block?', Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, vol. 63, no. 9, pp. 1231-1238. https://doi.org/10.1111/aas.13424

Varela, ALN, Oliveira, JTA, Komatsu, S, Silva, RGG, Martins, TF, Souza, PFN, Lobo, AKM, Vasconcelos, IM, Carvalho, FEL & Silveira, JAG 2019, 'A resistant cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) genotype became susceptible to cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV) after exposition to salt stress', Journal of Proteomics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2018.11.015

Sainte-Marie, M , Mongeon, P & Larivière, V 2019, Are special issues that special? Distinctiveness and impact of special issues in LIS journals. in G Catalano, C Daraio, M Gregori, HF Moed & G Ruocco (eds), 17th International Conference on Scientometrics and Informetrics, ISSI 2019 - Proceedings. International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics, pp. 1122-1127, 17th International Conference on Scientometrics and Informetrics, ISSI 2019, Rome, Italy, 02/09/2019. <http://issi-society.org/proceedings/issi_2019/ISSI%202019%20-%20Proceedings%20VOLUME%20I.pdf>

Cabral, C , Wollenweber, B & Ravnskov, S 2019, 'Are the changes in the metabolic activity of the arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphosphere warning neighbouring plants?', Rhizosphere 5, Saskatoon, Canada, 07/07/2019 - 11/07/2019 pp. 62. <https://www.rhizo5.org/scientific-program/ewExternalFiles/RHIZO5%20Abstract%20book%20%28ver.%209%29.pdf>

Brogaard, LR , Uldbjerg, N, Kierkegaard, O, Hvidman, L, Jensen, KR & Manser, T 2019, 'Are the same non-technical sills critical to ensure optimal performance during different obstetric emergencies?', International Meeting for Behavioral Science in Surgery & Acute Care Settings (BSAS18), Munich, Germany, 19/10/2018 - 20/10/2018.

Nielsen, PA , Boye, S, Holten, A-L, Jacobsen, CB & Andersen, LB 2019, 'Are Transformational and Transactional Types of Leadership Compatible? A Two-Wave Study of Employee Motivation', Public Administration, vol. 97, no. 2, pp. 413-428. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12574

Kerr, KM, Thunnissen, E, Dafni, U, Finn, SP, Bubendorf, L, Soltermann, A, Verbeken, E, Biernat, W, Warth, A, Marchetti, A, Speel, EJM, Pokharel, S, Quinn, AM, Monkhorst, K, Navarro, A, Madsen, LB, Radonic, T, Wilson, J, De Luca, G, Gray, SG, Cheney, R, Savic, S, Martorell, M, Muley, T, Baas, P, Meldgaard, P, Blackhall, F, Dingemans, AM, Dziadziuszko, R, Vansteenkiste, J, Weder, W, Polydoropoulou, V, Geiger, T, Kammler, R, Peters, S, Stahel, R & for the Lungscape Consortium 2019, 'A retrospective cohort study of PD-L1 prevalence, molecular associations and clinical outcomes in patients with NSCLC: Results from the European Thoracic Oncology Platform (ETOP) Lungscape Project', Lung Cancer, vol. 131, pp. 95-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.03.012

Fromell, H , Nosenzo, D, Owens, T & Tufano, F 2019, 'Are Victims Truly Worse Off in the Presence of Bystanders? Revisiting the Bystander Effect', Revue Economique, vol. 70, no. 6, pp. 927-943. https://doi.org/10.3917/reco.706.0927

Vorkamp, K, Balmer, J, Hung, H, Letcher, RJ & Riget, FF 2019, 'A review of chlorinated parafﬁn contamination in Arctic ecosystems', Emerging Contaminants, vol. 5, pp. 219-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2019.06.001

Capoor, MN, Birkenmaier, C, Wang, JC, McDowell, A, Ahmed, FS, Brüggemann, H, Coscia, E, Davies, DG, Ohrt-Nissen, S, Raz, A, Ruzicka, F, Schmitz, JE, Fischetti, VA & Slaby, O 2019, 'A review of microscopy-based evidence for the association of Propionibacterium acnes biofilms in degenerative disc disease and other diseased human tissue', European Spine Journal, vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 2951-2971. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-019-06086-y

Donovan, MMO 2019, A Review of Research in New Pedagogies for Deep Learning. Center for Undervisningsudvikling og Digitale Medier, Aarhus Universitet.

Donovan, MMO 2019, A Review of Research in Video Teaching at Higher Educational Institutes. Center for Undervisningsudvikling og Digitale Medier, Aarhus Universitet.

Remeli, A, Dietz, R , Sonne, C, Letcher, R, Ferguson, SH, Eulaers, I & McKinney, M 2019, 'A review of the current evidence on the classification of North Atlantic killer whales (Orcinus orca) as distinct ecotypes', World Marine Mammal Conference, Barcelona, Spain, 07/12/2019 - 12/12/2019.

Zhang, J, Wang, J, Dong, S, Yu, X & Han, B 2019, 'A review of the current progress and application of 3D printed concrete.', Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 125, 105533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.105533

Bunma, S & Balslev, H 2019, 'A Review of the Economic Botany of Sesbania (Leguminosae)', Botanical Review, vol. 85, no. 3, pp. 185-251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-019-09205-y

Zhang, X & Thomsen, M 2019, 'A review of top value-added products from seaweed biomass and prospects of cascading biorefinery: Preliminary results', 23rd International Seaweed Symposium, Jeju, Korea, Republic of, 28/04/2019 - 03/05/2019.

Bokde, N, Feijoo, AE, Villanueva, D & Kulat, KD 2019, 'A review on hybrid empirical mode decomposition models for wind speed and wind power prediction.', Energies, vol. 12, no. 2, 254, pp. 1-42. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12020254

Luber, TL, Bulot, LG, Redfern, J, Nahim, M, Jeremiah, J, Simmons, M, Bodin, S, Frau, C, Bidgood, M & Masrour, M 2019, 'A revised chronostratigraphic framework for the Aptian of the Essaouira-Agadir Basin, a candidate type section for the NW African Atlantic Margin', Cretaceous Research, vol. 93, no. January, pp. 292-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2018.09.007

Bernal, R, Borchsenius, F, Hoyos-Gomez, SE, Favio Manrique, H & Jose Sanin, M 2019, 'A revision of the Aiphanes parvifolia complex (Arecaceae)', Phytotaxa, vol. 411, no. 4, pp. 275-292. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.411.4.3

Pedro, S, Dietz, R , Sonne, C, Rosing-Asvid, A, Hansen, M & McKinney, MA 2019, 'Are vitamins A and E associated with persistent organic pollutants and fatty acids in the blubber of highly contaminated killer whales (Orcinus orca) from Greenland?', Environmental Research, vol. 177, 108602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.108602

Hansen, MF, Nawangsari, VA, Ellegaard, S, Moeller, MM, Van Beest, FM , Schmidt, NM, Stelvig, M, Traeholt, C & Dabelsteen, T 2019, 'Are we overestimating commensal species densities? A case study of the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis fascicularis)', American Journal of Physical Anthropology, vol. 168, no. S68, pp. 97. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23802

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Leishman, EM, van Staaveren, N, Adams, SM, Osborne, VR, Wood, BJ, Baes, CF & Harlander-Matauschek, A 2019, 'A risk factor analysis of health traits in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) on Canadian farms', Journal of Animal Science, vol. 97, no. Supplement 3, pp. 190. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.393

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