Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Hansen, LE & Degn, H-P 2015, 'The development of a formative, partnership-based evaluation', Paper presented at Nordic Conference on Cultural Policy Research, Bø, Norway, 25/08/2015 - 27/08/2015.

Dong, MY, Sandberg, K , Bibby, BM , Pedersen, MN & Overgaard, M 2015, 'The development of a sense of control scale', Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 6, no. NOV, 1733. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01733

Loo, CKC, Pereira, TN, Pozniak, KN, Ramsing, M, Vogel, I & Ramm, GA 2015, 'The development of hepatic stellate cells in normal and abnormal human fetuses - an immunohistochemical study', Physiological Reports, vol. 3, no. 8. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12504

Ranjitkar, S, Lawley, B, Tannock, G & Engberg, RG 2015, The development of Lactobacillus in the broiler gastrointestinal tract. in Proceedings of the 20th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition 2015. Prague, 20th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, Prague, Czech Republic, 24/08/2015.

Lian, Z 2015, 'The Development of New Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Cross Coupling Reactions'.

Larsen, ER & Bech, P 2015, 'The diagnostic apathia scale', Acta Neuropsychiatrica, vol. 27 (supplementum 1), no. 11 (S5.1).

Donslund, B , Johansen, TK , Poulsen, PH , Halskov, KS & Jørgensen, KA 2015, 'The Diarylprolinol-Silyl Ethers – 10 Years After', Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 54, no. 47, pp. 13860-13874. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201503920

Pagh, S, Tjornlov, RS , Olesen, CR & Chriel, M 2015, 'The diet of Danish red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in relation to a changing agricultural ecosystem. A historical perspective', Mammal Research, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 319-329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-015-0244-y

Tofani, AA, Lamarca, GDA, Sheiham, A & Vettore, MV 2015, 'The different effects of neighbourhood and individual social capital on health-compromising behaviours in women during pregnancy: A multi-level analysis', BMC Public Health, vol. 15, no. 1, 890. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2213-4

Søndergaard, DM 2015, 'The dilemmas of victim positioning', Confero: Essays on Education, Philosophy and Politics, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 36-79. https://doi.org/10.3384/confero.2001-4562.1506267

Gáspár-Szilágyi, S 2015, 'The "direct effect" of E.U. international agreements through a U.S. lens', Aarhus.

Hansen, BB & Jøker Bjerre, H 2015, The Discourse of the Wild Analyst. in Repeating Zizek. Duke University Press, Durham and London.

Andreassen, P , Neergaard, MA , Brogaard, T , Skorstengaard, MH & Jensen, AB 2015, 'The diverse impact of advance care planning: a long-term follow-up study on patients' and relatives' experiences', BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2015-000886

Lortie, CJ & Svenning, J-C 2015, 'The diversity of diversity studies: retrospectives and future directions', Ecography, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 330-334. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.01646

Halskov, K & Hansen, NB 2015, 'The Diversity of Participatory Design Research Practice at PDC 2002-2012', International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 74, no. February, pp. 81-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2014.09.003

Farina, A, de Sanctis, M, Cianca, E, Coletta, M, Ruggieri, M & Lindgren, P 2015, The Domino Effect in Complex Systems: An Interdisciplinary View. in Systems Engineering (ISSE), 2015 IEEE International Symposium on . IEEE, pp. 1-7, 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Systems Engineering (ISSE), Rome, Italy, 28/09/2015.

Wichmann-Hansen, G & Herrmann, KJ 2015, 'The downside of external funding: Does it affect doctoral supervision?', 16 Biennial EARLI Conference for Research on Learning and Instruction, Limassol, Cyprus, 25/08/2015 - 29/08/2015.

Muratova, Y 2015, 'The drivers of domestic acquisitions in People's Republic of China: a resource-based analysis', Asia Pacific Business Review, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 500-516. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2014.971639

Jensen, KE 2015, 'The drivers of plant diversity: a "big data" approach'.

Dalsgaard, S 2015, 'The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ADHD', ADHD in practice, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 35-38.

Aarstad, ÅK 2015, 'The Duty to Assist and Its Disincentives: The Shipping Industry and the Mediterranean Migration Crisis', Mediterranean Politics, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 413-419. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629395.2015.1084145

Olsen, MS, Clausen, OR , Andresen, KJ & Korstgård, JA 2015, 'The dynamics of interacting salt structures and associated fluid flow in the western Norwegian-Danish Basin', European Geophysical Union General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13/04/2015 - 17/04/2015. <http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-4756.pdf>

Bruze, G , Svarer, M & Weiss, Y 2015, 'The Dynamics of Marriage and Divorce', Journal of Labor Economics, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 123-170. https://doi.org/10.1086/677393

Holness, MB, Tegner, C, Namur, O & Pilbeam, LH 2015, 'The Earliest History of the Skaergaard Magma Chamber: a Textural and Geochemical Study of the Cambridge Drill Core', Journal of Petrology, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 1199-1227. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egv034

Schiffer, C , Jacobsen, BH , Balling, N, Ebbing, J & Nielsen, SB 2015, 'The East Greenland Caledonides—teleseismic signature, gravity and isostasy', Geophysical Journal International, vol. 203, no. 2, pp. 1400-1418. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv373

Fløe, A , Hilberg, O , Wejse, C , Ottesen, AL , Ibsen, R, Kjellberg, J & Jennum, P 2015, 'The economic burden of Tuberculosis in Denmark 1998-2010. Cost analysis in patients and their spouses', International Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol. 32, pp. 183-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.12.021

Pascual, U, Termansen, M & J. Abson, D 2015, The economic value of soil carbon. in SA Banwart, E Noellemeyer & E Milne (eds), Soil Carbon: Science, management and policy for multiple benefits. CABI Publishing.

Munk, MD, Thomsen, JP, Eiberg-Madsen, M & Hansen, GI 2015, The Educational Strategies of Danish University Students from Professional and Working-Class backgrounds. in A Mountford-Zimdars, D Sabbagh & D Post (eds), Fair Access to Higher Education: Global Perspectives. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 98-122.

Korsgaard, MT & Mogensen Aldinger, M 2015, 'The Educator’s Diary: Arendt and Kierkegaard on the Educational Relation', Paper presented at Philosophy of Education Society of Great Britain: 50th Anual Conference, Oxford, United Kingdom, 26/03/2015 - 29/03/2015.

Rini, C, Emmerling, D, Austin, J, Wu, LM, Valdimarsdottir, H, Redd, WH, Woodruff, R & Warbet, R 2015, 'The effectiveness of caregiver social support is associated with cancer survivors' memories of stem cell transplantation: A linguistic analysis of survivor narratives', Palliative & Supportive Care, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1735-44. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1478951515000681

Cascio, E, Haider, S & Nielsen, HS 2015, 'The effectiveness of policies that promote labor force participation of women with children: A collection of national studies', Labour Economics, vol. 36, pp. 64-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2015.08.002

Hansen, K 2015, 'The effective temperature in microcanonical rate constants', Chemical Physics Letters, vol. 620, pp. 43-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2014.12.016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2015.07.050

Kancir, ASP , Johansen, JK, Ekeloef, NP & Pedersen, EB 2015, 'The effect of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 on renal function, arterial blood pressure, and vasoactive hormones during radical prostatectomy: a randomized controlled trial', Anesthesia and Analgesia, vol. 120, no. 3, pp. 608-18. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000000596

Gupta, ND & Bengtsson, S 2015, 'The Effect of a Compulsory Schooling Reform on Disability Pensioning - Evidence from the Danish Registers', Annals of Economics and Statistics, no. 119-120, 4, pp. 95-121. https://doi.org/10.15609/annaeconstat2009.119-120.95

Mikkelsen, MR, Schøidt, F, Hendriksen, C & Rydahl Hansen, S 2015, 'The effect of a coping and physical activity-oriented rehabilitation intervention in alcoholic liver disease patients after hepatic encephalopathy', Lassendagen, 11/12/2015.

Pedersen, AR , Severinsen, K & Nielsen, JF 2015, 'The effect of age on rehabilitation outcome after traumatic brain injury assessed by the functional independence measure (FIM)', Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 299-307. https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968314545171

Gupta, ND, Kleinjans, KJ & Larsen, M 2015, 'The effect of a severe health shock on work behavior: Evidence from different health care regimes', Social Science & Medicine, vol. 136-137, pp. 44-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.05.008

Bøtker, MT , Grøfte, T , Kirkegaard, H , Frederiksen, CA & Sloth, E 2015, 'The effect of a systematic educationalprogramme in focused ultrasonography of the heart and pleura for anaesthesiologists'. https://doi.org/10.1111/aas.12556

Zhao, J & Gregersen, H 2015, 'The Effect of Chang Run Tong on Biomechanical Colon Remodeling in STZ-Induced Type I Diabetic Rats - Is It Related to Advanced Glycation End Product Formation?', Gastroenterology, vol. 148, no. 4 (Supplement 1), pp. S-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5085(15)31020-9

Weinreich, UM, Thomsen, LP, Bielaska, B, Jensen, VH, Vuust, M & Rees, SE 2015, 'The effect of comorbidities on COPD assessment: a pilot study', International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 429-38. https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S76124

Toftegaard, BS 2015, 'The effect of Continuing Medical Education (CME) in early cancer diagnosis on GP knowledge and attitude – preliminary results', CaPri, Aarhus, Denmark, 20/05/2015 - 22/05/2015.

Toftegaard, BS , Bro, F , Falborg, AZ & Vedsted, P 2015, 'The effect of Continuing Medical Education in early cancer diagnosis on general practitioners' knowledge and attitude', European Journal of Cancer Care, vol. 24, P-49, pp. 48-49. <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ecc.12374/epdf>

Toftegaard, BS 2015, 'The effect of Continuing Medical Education on GP knowledge and attitude - preliminary results'.

Søegaard, K & Eriksen, J 2015, 'The effect of cutting strategy on production and quality of high-yielding multispecies grasslands', European Grassland Federation. Proceedings of the General Meeting, vol. 20, pp. 319-321. <http://www.egf2015.nl/en/effect-cutting-strategy-production-and-quality-high-yielding-multispecies-grasslands>

Bovenhuis, H, Vikser, M, Poulsen, NA , Sehested, J, van Valenberg, H, van Arendonk, J, Larsen, LB & Buitenhuis, AJ 2015, 'The effect of DGAT1 polymorphism on milk production, fat-, protein- and mineral composition of dairy cattle', ADSA-ASAS Joint Annual Meeting 2015, Orlando, Florida, United States, 12/07/2015 - 16/07/2015.

Jensen, RB, Blache, D & Tauson, A-H 2015, The effect of diet and exercise on plasma hormone concentrations in horses measured before and after a standardized exercise test. in 8th international congres on farm animal endocrinolgoy 2015., 44, DCA - Nationalt Center for Fødevarer og Jordbrug, 8 th international congress on farm animal endocrinology 2015, Billund, Denmark, 27/08/2015. <http://web.agrsci.dk/djfpublikation/djfpdf/DCArapport064.pdf>

Pessoa, R, Sousa, R, Quirynen, M, Teughels, W & Spin-Neto, R 2015, 'The effect of different implant neck designs on periimplant bone loss: a randomized-controlled split-mouth clinical trial', Clinical Oral Implants Research, vol. 26, no. S12, pp. 68-68.

Guldbrandt, LM , Fenger-Grøn, M , Rasmussen, TR , Rasmussen, F , Meldgaard, P & Vedsted, P 2015, 'The effect of direct access to CT scan in early lung cancer detection: an unblinded, cluster-randomised trial', BMC Cancer, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 934. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-015-1941-2

Guldbrandt, LM 2015, 'The effect of direct referral for fast CT scan in early lung cander detection in general practice. A clinical, cluster-randomised trial'. <http://cap.au.dk/fileadmin/cap.au.dk/Documents/LouisePHD_Tryk.pdf>

Tolsgaard, MG, Madsen, ME, Ringsted, C, Oxlund, BS, Oldenburg, A, Sorensen, JL, Ottesen, B & Tabor, A 2015, 'The effect of dyad versus individual simulation-based ultrasound training on skills transfer', Medical Education, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 286-95. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.12624

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