Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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ECNP PAN-Health Group 2026, 'Disparities in diabetes treatment and monitoring for people with and without mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis', The Lancet Psychiatry, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 112-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(25)00332-3

Bjerring, JCK & Busch, J 2026, Dispersed robots and intelligent environments: a philosophical perspective. in J Seibt, R Hakli & M Nørskov (eds), Robophilosophy: Philosophy of, for, and by social robotics. MIT Press, 2026.

Iversen, S 2026, Disrupting Narrative Rhetoric. Experimental Fictionality on Digital Platforms. Theory and Interpretation of Narrative, Ohio State University Press.

Chan, VKS, Wong, NHL, Woo, TF, Watanabe, K, Haruno, M, Law, CK & Chau, BKH 2026, 'Distinct contributions of prefrontal, parietal, and cingulate signals to exploratory decisions', Communications Biology, vol. 9, no. 1, 272. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-026-09550-w

Li, C, Erson-Omay, EZ, Koksal, Y, Unal, E, Kara, B, Bilguvar, K, Paksoy, Y, Durmus, NA, Kurtsoy, A, Per, H, Østergaard, JR, Günel, M & Çağlayan, AO 2026, 'Distinct mutational signature and clonal evolution in constitutional mismatch repair deficiency-associated high-grade gliomas', iScience, vol. 29, no. 3, 115029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2026.115029

Kruckow, S, Hansen, ER , Feldstein Ewing, SW , Rømer, K, Peden, AE, Bramming, M, Kjeld, SG & Tolstrup, JS 2026, 'Distinct substance use patterns and risk of unintentional injury, violence, and mortality in adolescence: a latent class analysis and 8-year prospective cohort study of 68 301 students aged 15-19 years', European Journal of Public Health, vol. 36, no. 1, ckaf192, pp. 193-199. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaf192

Skinnebach, LK 2026, Distressed Skin: The Reformation of Medieval Primers in 16th-century Denmark. in C Mathieson & N Nyffenegger (eds), Cultures of Skin. Past and Present. Routledge.

Keller, HJ 2026, 'Distributed Differential Privacy Using Cryptographic Techniques', PhD, Aarhus University.

Mejren, AHJ , Ladefoged, B , Pedersen, ALD , Clemmensen, TS, Oerlemans, MIFJ, Fensman, SK , Vase, H , Andersen, MJ & Poulsen, SH 2026, 'Distribution and prognostic implications of right and left ventricular systolic dysfunction in wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy', The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-026-03614-y

Li, X, Guan, B, Yu, J, Franziska, E, Yang, J, Zhou, D, Li, Y, Wang, X, Zhang, X, Qu, C & Guo, J 2026, 'Distribution Characteristics of Sediment Iron Under Different Hydrological Connectivity in a Brackish Water Zone of the Yellow River Delta, China', Chinese Geographical Science, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 447-459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-026-1606-x

López Hernández, M , Scavenius, C , Otzen, DE & Pedersen, JS 2026, 'Divergent effects of anionic surfactants on laundry enzymes: Structural stability, activity modulation, and self-cleavage mechanisms', International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol. 335, no. 1, 149069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.149069

Webb, CJ, Humphries, TD, Teprovich, JA, Polanski, M, Heere, M, Li, HW, Felderhoff, M, Filinchuk, Y, Dornheim, M, Paskevicius, M, Buckley, CE & Jensen, TR 2026, 'Diverse hydrogen chemistry with perspectives for energy storage', Chemical Communications, vol. 62, no. 15, pp. 4477-4495. https://doi.org/10.1039/d5cc05834a

Águila, B, Alvarez-Manjarrez, J, Tedersoo, L, Bahram, M, Escalante, AE & Garibay-Orijel, R 2026, 'Diversity and Distribution of Soil Fungi in Neotropical Mexican Forests', Biotropica, vol. 58, no. 2, e70190. https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.70190

Tallaksen, HBL , B. Hasselholm, E, Berletch, JB, Filippova, GN, Deng, X, Van Dyke, DL, Macdonald, JW, Chang, S , Buskbjerg, CDR , Gravholt, CH, Disteche, CM, Just, J , Skakkebæk, A & Bammler, TK 2026, 'DNA hypomethylation at specific CG-sites within TRAK1 is linked to the neurocognitive profile in Klinefelter syndrome', Molecular Psychiatry, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 1409-1419. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03254-z, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03254-z

Romanov, A, Knappe, GA, Ronsard, L, Cottrell, CA, Zhang, YJ, Suh, H, Duhamel, L, Omer, M, Chapman, AP, Spivakovsky, K, Skog, P, Flynn, CT, Lee, JH, Kalyuzhniy, O, Liguori, A, Parsons, MF, Lewis, VR, Canales, J, Reizis, B, Tingle, RD, Schiffner, T, Schief, WR, Lingwood, D, Bathe, M & Irvine, DJ 2026, 'DNA origami vaccines program antigen-focused germinal centers', Science, vol. 391, no. 6785. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adx6291

Brems, M 2026, 'Do alternative media users distrust all mainstream news or only some? Assessing Danish left-wing and right-wing alternative media users’ trust in news at the outlet-specific level', Nordicom Review, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 20-51. https://doi.org/10.2478/nor-2026-0002

Fenger, J & Larsen, MV 2026, 'Do Beliefs Echo? On the Persistent Effects of Misinformation After Effective Corrections', Political Communication, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2026.2623049

Zhang, S, Sovacool, BK & Wei, C 2026, 'Do clean energy transitions enhance global energy security? A comparative analysis of trends and tradeoffs across eight major economies, 1990-2020', Energy Policy, vol. 212, 115164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115164

Zhang, W, Sovacool, BK & Cleveland, C 2026, 'Do decarbonization policies work? Evidence from a global meta-analysis', Energy Economics, vol. 154, 109145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2026.109145

Manfredi, L, Buscema, F, Giraudo, MT, Sodano, B, Padroni, L, Destefanis, C, Freisling, H, Ferrari, P, Cesaroni, G, Uzzau, S, Schulze, MB, Saieva, C, Tumino, R, Weiderpass, E, Matta, K, Vaccarella, S, Guevara, M, Halkjær, J, Tjønneland, A, Crous-Bou, M, Katzke, V, Pour, T, Panico, S, Pala, V, Tzoulaki, I, Tin Tin, S, Dahm, CC, Chirlaque, MD, Sacerdote, C & Ricceri, F 2026, 'Does lifestyle explain the relationship between socioeconomic position and multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases? A mediation analysis applied to the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition', Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, vol. 80, no. 1, jech-2025-224476, pp. 3-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2025-224476

Eskildsen, TV, Larsen, MD, Fedder, J & Jølving, LR 2026, 'Does Prolonged Preservation of Blastocysts Affect the Implantation and Live Birth Rate? A Danish Nationwide Register-Based Study', Journal of Clinical Medicine, vol. 15, no. 3, 1072. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15031072

Jensen, SS 2026, 'Does schooling increase or reduce inequality in achievement and conscientiousness in Denmark?', Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, vol. 102, 101129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2026.101129

Artak, CET & Lieberoth, A 2026 'Does social support from parents, professionals or peers extend to digital risks and difficulties (preregistration)' Openscienceframework.org.

Jahn, EJ & Rosholm, M 2026, 'Does the stepping-stone effect of temporary agency employment vary over the business cycle?', Scandinavian Journal of Economics. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.70010

Jakobsen, M & Serritzlew, S 2026, 'Does Universal Conscription Impose a Civic Penalty? Individual-level Evidence from a Randomized Conscription Lottery', European Journal of Political Research. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1475676525100510

Fenger, J 2026, 'Do impartial inquiries help voters hold the government accountable for political misconduct?', West European Politics, pp. 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2026.2623581

Winther, IW 2026, Doing nothing as being and learning. in L Aarsand , P Aarsand , JM Stenøien & C Tønseth (eds), Learning in Everyday Practices. Palgrave/McMillan.

Petersen, SM, Ibsen, DB & Andersen, A 2026, 'Do insomnia and physical activity mediate the relationship between diabetes and depression in people with type 2 diabetes?', Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, vol. 25, no. 1, 50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-026-01875-x

Halling, A & Van de Walle , S 2026, 'Do Justifications Affect Tolerance for Administrative Burdens? Evidence From a Survey Experiment Among Policymakers', Social Policy and Administration, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 12-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.13137

Alstrup, AKO & Wang, T 2026, 'Dollo's lov om at tabte strukturer aldrig senere genopstår under evolutionen', Kaskelot.

Blattmann, FR, Eglinton, TI, Haghipour, N, Rouwendaal, SE, Bernasconi, SM, Rivers, JM, Dittrich, M, Al Disi, Z, Williford, KH, Sadooni, F, Al-Saad Al-Kuwari, HA & Bontognali, TRR 2026, 'Domed-rim microbial polygons and their preservation potential', Depositional Record, vol. 12, no. 1, e70061. https://doi.org/10.1002/dep2.70061

Terkelsen, O 2026, 'Domstolsprøvelse af taksationsafgørelser', Ugeskrift for Retsvæsen.

Pitsch, W & Christiansen, AV 2026, 'Dope stereotypes: When perception runs south and prevalence points north', Performance Enhancement and Health, vol. 14, no. 1, 100398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peh.2025.100398

Seeberg, HB 2026, 'Do Politicians Listen to Youth Wings? Evidence from an Elite Experiment', The Journal of Politics, vol. 88, no. 2, pp. 586-600. https://doi.org/10.1086/734549

Peresman, A , Larsen, LT, Mazepus, H & Petersen, MB 2026, 'Do Populists Listen to Expertise? A Five-Country Study of Authority, Arguments, and Expert Sources', Political Studies, vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 306-330. https://doi.org/10.1177/00323217251323402

Kozera, MP, Akyol, Ç, Bouchon, F, Ganigué, R, Willems, B, Meers, E, Bester, K & Møller, HB 2026, 'Dose-response effects of microaeration on thermophilic lignocellulose-based anaerobic digestion: performance, stability and microbial community dynamics', Bioresource Technology Reports, vol. 33, 102593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2026.102593

Karlsson, K, Rancati, T, Lindbäck, E, Lindberg, S, Grozman, V, Al-Jirf, K, Lax, I, Hoffmann, L , Møller, DS , Khalil, A , Knap, MM, Nielsen, TB, Land, LH, Kristiansen, C, Ramberg, C, Rogg, LV, Hagen, RK, Frøland, AS, Drugge, N, Nyman, J, Josipovic, M, Persson, GF, Olofsson, J, Bergström, P, Rosenbrand, HO, Lödén, B, Haraldsson, A, Engelholm, S, Billiet, C, Onjukka, E & Lindberg, K 2026, 'Dose-Volume Predictors of Fatal Bronchopulmonary Bleeding After Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy of Centrally Located Lung Tumors: An Analysis of the Expanded HILUS Cohort', International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, vol. 124, no. 5, pp. 1298-1308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2025.12.007

Nielsen, KH , Kragh, G, Kaarsted, T & Egemose, S 2026, 'Do They Know It’s Research? Children’s Perceptions of Research in Danish Citizen Science Lake Camps', ECSA 2026 Conference, Oulu, Finland, 03/03/2026 - 06/03/2026.

Caruso, EM, Latham, AJ, Miller, K & Yu, W 2026, 'Do time-biases promote or frustrate wellbeing?', Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, vol. 112, no. 1, pp. 193-213. https://doi.org/10.1111/phpr.70070

Franke, H, Shen, S, Peterson, D, Abashidze, N, Groves, E, O'Connor, H, Schillinger, S, Eigsti, I-M, Grossman, R, Fusaroli, R , Weed, E & Parish-Morris, J 2026, 'Do You Have Anything You Wanna Ask Me?": Examining the Relationship between Questions and Conversational Enjoyment in Autistic and Non-Autistic Teens', Meeting On Language and Autism, Atlanta, United States, 14/03/2026.

Holm, C 2026, DPU-leder: Epx-ekspertgruppens fokus på lyst som drivende pædagogisk princip mangler et andet ben at stå på. Monitormedier A/S. <https://uddannelsesmonitor.dk/nyheder/debat/article18986163.ece>

Holm, C 2026, 'DPU-leder: Folkeskolen er gået fra at være en vidensinstitution til en værdibaseret kampplads', Skolemonitor. <https://skolemonitor.dk/nyheder/debat/article19109656.ece>

Holm, C 2026, 'DPU-leder: Folkeskolens historieundervisning skal bære en ny patriotisme', Skolemonitor. <https://skolemonitor.dk/nyheder/debat/article18954487.ece>

Bubandt, N 2026, 'Drawing in Cosmopolitics: Corals, Spirits, and Other Things Less Than Two on a Papuan Reef', Ethnos.

Tarp, L, Borring, N & Ludvigsen, L 2026, 'Drawings in the making', Studies in Conservation.

Rasmussen, AM 2026, Drei Reden bei gedachten Gelegenheiten. in M Kleinert (ed.), Kierkegaard Handbuch. 1 edn, vol. 1, 5, Metzler Verlag, Heidelberg, pp. 45-60.

Chaaban, N, Faris, MAI, Byrne, DV & Andersen, BV 2026, 'Drivers and barriers of successful short-term dietary behavior change: Transferable factors from a qualitative case study of Ramadan fasting', Appetite, vol. 221, 108468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2026.108468

Batalha, J, Philippi Rosane, B, Nakano, EY, Byrne, DV, Bügel, SG, Andersen, BV, Zandonadi, RP & Botelho, RBA 2026, 'Drivers and barriers to adopting sustainable eating habits in Brazil', Food Quality and Preference, vol. 137, 105777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2025.105777

Batalha, J, Philippi Rosane, B, Nakano, EY, Byrne, DV, Bügel, SG, Andersen, BV, Zandonadi, RP & Botelho, RBA 2026, 'Drivers and barriers to consuming plant-based alternatives to dairy in Brazil: a nationwide cross-sectional study', International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, vol. 44, 101472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2026.101472

Lønborg, C , Graversen, EL, Addamo, AM, Assis, J, Burrows, MT, Stewart, E, Lillis, H, Costello, MJ & Krause-Jensen, D 2026, 'Drivers and patterns of sediment organic carbon in European regional seas', Danish Marine Science Meeting, Elsinore, Denmark, 20/01/2026 - 22/01/2026.

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