Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Lodberg, P 2015, 'Rom er kommet tættere på', Kristeligt Dagblad, pp. 7.

Timmermann, C , Uhrenfeldt, L & Birkelund, R 2015, 'Room for caring: patients' experiences of well-being, relief and hope during serious illness', Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 426-34. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12145

Storvang, P & Dalby, MS 2015, Room for Improvement: Space as a Change Agent in generating Interaction and new Relations, a Study of the new Campus in Kolding. in R Dekkers & J Sluijs (eds), Proceedings of the 4th Participatory Innovation Conference 2015. Valkenburg. The Hague: The Hauge University of Applied Sciences, The Hague, Valkenburg, pp. 249-257.

Xu, R, Liu, J, Chen, F, Liu, N, Cai, Y, Liu, X, Song, X , Dong, M & Wang, L 2015, 'Room-temperature tracking of chiral recognition process at the single-molecule level', Nano Research, vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 3505-3511. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-015-0850-7

Wahlström, EM , Hansen, EM, Mandel, A, Garbout, A , Kristensen, HL & Munkholm, LJ 2015, 'Root development of fodder radish and winter wheat before winter in relation to uptake of nitrogen', European Journal of Agronomy, vol. 71, pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2015.07.002

Han, E, Kautz, T, Perkons, U, Uteau, D, Peth, S, Huang, N, Horn, R & Köpke, U 2015, 'Root growth dynamics inside and outside of soil biopores as affected by crop sequence determined with the profile wall method', Biology and Fertility of Soils, vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 847-856. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-015-1032-1

Steinwender, BM, Enkerli, J, Widmer, F, Eilenberg, J, Kristensen, HL, Bidochka, MJ & Meyling, NV 2015, 'Root isolations of Metarhizium spp. from crops reflect diversity in the soil and indicate no plant specificity', Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, vol. 132, pp. 142-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2015.09.007

Thylstrup, B , Schrøder, S & Hesse, M 2015, 'Ro på - hjælp til kriminelle: Ny forskning udfordrer behandlingspessimismen i forhold til brugere med en antisocial personlighedsforstyrrelse', STOF - Viden om rusmidler og samfund, no. 25, pp. 1-13.

Frausing, M & Abildtrup, SH 2015, Roskilde Kloster. in danmarkshistorien.dk. <http://danmarkshistorien.dk/leksikon-og-kilder/vis/materiale/roskilde-kloster/>

Bohn, MB , Sørensen, H , Petersen, AK , Søballe, K & Lind, M 2015, 'Rotational laxity after anatomical ACL reconstruction measured by 3-D motion analysis: a prospective randomized clinical trial comparing anatomic and nonanatomic ACL reconstruction techniques', Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-014-3156-5

Raak, N, Gehrisch, S, Rohm, H & Jaros, D 2015, 'Rotational Thromboelastometry for Characterising Acid-Induced Gelation of Cross-Linked Casein', Food Biophysics, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 25-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11483-014-9342-7

Bennedsen, M 2015 'Rough electricity: a new fractal multi-factor model of electricity spot prices' CREATES Research Paper, no. 2015-42, Institut for Økonomi, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus.

Christensen, M , Rasmussen, JT & Simonsen, AC 2015, 'Roughness analysis of single nanoparticles applied to atomic force microscopy images of hydrated casein micelles', Food Hydrocolloids, vol. 45, pp. 168-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.11.008

Fibiger, MQ 2015, 'Roundtable on East/West', Bulletin for the Study of Religion, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 24-26 [22-26]. https://doi.org/10.1558/bsor.v44i2.27535

Olsen, A-ME 2015, 'Rousseau læser Platon: et debatindlæg om virkningshistorie', Studier i Pædagogisk Filosofi, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 75-93. <http://ojs.statsbiblioteket.dk/index.php/spf/article/view/21149>

Holm, C & Nielsen, JC 2015, 'Rousseau som modsvar til forceret talentudvikling', idrottsforum.org, pp. 1-7.

Bochtis, D, Griepentrog, HW, Vougioukas, S, Busato, P, Berruto, R & Zhou, K 2015, 'Route planning for orchard operations', Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 113, pp. 51-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2014.12.024

Reinholdt, KB & Klug, TE 2015, 'Routine outpatient thyroid surgery cannot be recommended', Danish Medical Journal, vol. 62, no. 2, A5016.

Williams, JE, Peacock, J, Gubbay, AN, Kuo, PY, Ellard, R, Gupta, R, Riley, J, Sauzet, O, Raftery, J, Yao, G & Ross, J 2015, 'Routine screening for pain combined with a pain treatment protocol in head and neck cancer: A randomised controlled trial', British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol. 115, no. 4, pp. 621-628. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aev263

Knudsen, JB , Liu, L , Kodal, ALB , Madsen, M , Li, Q , Song, J, Woehrstein, J, Wickham, S, Strauss, M, Schueder, F, Vinther, J , Krissanaprasit, A , Gudnason, DA , Smith, AAA , Ogaki, R , Zelikin, AN , Besenbacher, F , Birkedal, V, Yin, P, Shih, WM, Jungmann, R, Dong, M & Gothelf, KV 2015, 'Routing of individual polymers in designed patterns', Nature Nanotechnology, vol. 10, pp. 892-898. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.190

Møller, V, Waddington, I & Hoberman, J (eds) 2015, Routledge Handbook of Drugs and Sport. Routledge, London.

Lamande, MAM & Schjønning, P 2015, 'Rubber tracks are still not good enough!', 20th International Soil Tillage Research Organization Conference (ISTRO) 14-18th, September, 2015 Nanjing, P.R. CHINA, Nanjing, China, 14/09/2015 - 18/09/2015.

Madsen, J, Vraa, KJ, Harms, H , Bouchelouche, K , Frøkiær, J , Sørensen, J & Tolbod, LP 2015, 'RubiShort: Reducing scan time in 82Rb heart scans to minimize movements artifacts', EANM'15, Hamborg, Germany, 11/10/2015 - 14/10/2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-015-3198-z

Henderson, G, Cox, F, Ganesh, S, Jonker, A, Young, W, Janssen, PH, Global Rumen Census Collaborators, Lassen, J , Lund, P & Sauer, C 2015, 'Rumen microbial community composition varies with diet and host, but a core microbiome is found across a wide geographical range', Scientific Reports, vol. 5, 14567, pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep14567

Mygind, S 2015, 'Rumfart mellem bog og computerspil: Anmeldelse af Sofus og Månemaskinen (app)', Jyllands-Posten, pp. 22.

Alstrup, AKO & Wang, T 2015, 'Rundorme - små forsøgsdyr med store muligheder', Kaskelot.

Nielsen, JK & Jensen, P, Runer bag ruder, 2015, Pictures, Video and sound recordings (digital), Movision Film & Tv.

Zhang, Q , Guldbrandtsen, B, Bosse, M, Lund, MS & Sahana, G 2015, 'Runs of homozygosity and distribution of functional variants in cattle genome', BMC Genomics, vol. 16, no. 542, pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-015-1715-x

Ugilt, R , Hansen, BB , Jøker Bjerre, H , Porsgaard, K & Thykjær, S 2015, 'RuPauls Drag Race', Dagbladet Information.

Christensen, N 2015, Rupture: Ideological, Aesthetic, and Educational Transformations in Danish Picturebooks around 1933. in E Druker & B Kümmerling-Meibauer (eds), Children's Literature and the Avant-Garde. John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam, Children's Literature, Culture, and Cognition, vol. 5, pp. 171-187.

Korsgaard, S , Müller, S & Tanvig, HW 2015, 'Rural Entrepreneurship or Entrepreneurship in the Rural: Between Place and Space', International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 5-26. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-11-2013-0205

Visser, J 2015, 'Rural-urban migration and redefining indigeneity in Dhaka, Bangladesh', Asia In Focus, vol. 1, no. 1.

Bagger-Petersen, MC 2015, Rural Utopi i Urban Tidsalder: Ou Ning: Hvordan man laver sin egen utopi. <http://baggrund.com/ou-ning-rural-utopi-urban-tidsalder/>

Skak, M 2015, 'Rusland og dets 'nære udland'', NOTER, no. 204, pp. 10-13. <http://www.emu.dk/sites/default/files/Noter%20204%20om%20Rusland%20ISSN%202246-623.pdf>

Skak, M 2015, 'Ruslands betændte forhold til USA', Samfundsøkonomen, no. 4, pp. 18-24.

Alstrup, AKO 2015, 'Russiske forsøgsdyrsveterinærer ønsker tættere samarbejde med europæiske kollegaer', Dyrlægen.

Nielsen, K 2015, Ruths Bog: Indledning og kommentarer. in B Ejrnæs, G Hallbäck & HJL Jensen (eds), Studiebibelen: Den autoriserede oversættelse med indledninger og kommentarer. Bibelselskabets Forlag, København, pp. 336-340.

Jensen, OK , Nielsen, CV, Sørensen, JS & Stengaard-Pedersen, K 2015, 'Rygsmerter og bensmerter associerer forskelligt til MR forandringer i lænderygsøjlen og til andre smertevariabler herunder tegn til rodtryk: En tværsnitsundersøgelse hos 141 sygemeldte lænderygpatienter', Forskningens Døgn, Viborg, Denmark, 23/04/2015 - 23/04/2015.

Ugilt, R , Hansen, BB , Jøker Bjerre, H , Porsgaard, K & Thykjær, S 2015, 'Ryk frem til start', Dagbladet Information.

Ringgaard, D 2015, Rytm. in LH Kjældgaard, L Møller, D Ringgaard, LM Rösing, P Simonsen & MR Thomsen (eds), Litteratur: Introduktion till teori och analys. Studentlitteratur, Lund, pp. 87-97.

Grimm, M, Tischner, D, Troidl, K, Juárez, JA, Sivaraj, KK, Bouzas, NF, Geisslinger, G, Binder, CJ & Wettschureck, N 2015, 'S1P 2 /G 12/13 Signaling Negatively Regulates Macrophage Activation and Indirectly Shapes the Atheroprotective B1-Cell Population', Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. https://doi.org/10.1161/atvbaha.115.306066

Gregersen, H, Liao, D , Zhao, J , Ringgaard, S , Agger, P , Laustsen, C & Stødkilde-Jørgensen, H 2015, 'Sa1112 Three-Dimensional Myoarchitecture of Porcine Gastro-Esophageal Junction With Diffusion Tensor Imaging', Gastroenterology, vol. 148.

Rasmussen, MM, Kutzenberger, J, Krogh, K, Zepke, F, Bodin, C, Domurath, B & Christensen, P 2015, 'Sacral anterior root stimulation improves bowel function in subjects with spinal cord injury', Spinal Cord. https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.2015.2

Maeda, Y, O'Connell, PR, Lehur, P-A, Matzel, KE, Laurberg, S & European SNS Bowel Study Group 2015, 'Sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence and constipation: a European consensus statement', Colorectal Disease, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. O74-87. https://doi.org/10.1111/codi.12905

Fassov, J , Lundby, L , Buntzen, S , Laurberg, S & Krogh, K 2015, 'Sacral Nerve Stimulation for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Medium-term Assessment of Efficacy', ESCP 2014, Barcelona, Spain, 24/09/2014 - 26/09/2014.

Willerslev, R, Vitebsky, P & Alekseyev, A 2015, 'Sacrifice as the Ideal Hunt: A Cosmological Explanation for the Origin of Reindeer Domestication', Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9655.12142

Boelt, B & Abel, S 2015, 'Sådan styrer vejret blomstring i alm. rajgræs', Froeavleren, no. 3, pp. 12-13.

Møller, JF 2015, 'Sådan var livet i Danmark under krigen: Anmeldelse af: John T. Lauridsen, Tidsbilleder. Danmark i Hitlers Europa', Kristeligt Dagblad, pp. 7.

Jessen, C 2015 'Så dygtig som muligt: Folkebiblioteket, skolereformen og kompetencer til det 21. århundrede' Greve Bibliotek. <http://carsten-jessen.dk/?page_id=37>

Basile, D, Galletta, L & Mezzetti, G 2015, Safe Adaptation Through Implicit Effect Coercion. in C Bodei, G-L Ferrari & C Priami (eds), Programming Languages with Applications to Biology and Security: Essays Dedicated to Pierpaolo Degano on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday. vol. 9465, Springer Publishing Company, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 9465, pp. 122-141. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25527-9_10

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