Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Dalsgaard, E-M , Skriver, MV , Sandbæk, A & Vestergaard, M 2015, 'Socioeconomic position, type 2 diabetes and long-term risk of death', PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. e0124829. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124829

Kadenic, MD 2015, 'Socioeconomic value creation and the role of local participation in large-scale mining projects in the Arctic', The Extractive Industries and Society, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 562-571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2015.04.010

Køster, A & Tange Kristensen, S 2015, Sociologi og kostvejledning: en narrativt funderet samtalepraksis . in J Fuglsang & NB Stamer (eds), Madsociologi. 1. edn, Munksgaard , København, pp. 215-230.

Nickelsen, NCM 2015, Socio-material assemblies, the subjectivity of pain and work identity.

Wahlgren, B , Mariager-Anderson, K & Hovmand Sørensen, S 2015, Socio-pedagogical competence – better relationships: Results from a development project on new teacher roles. <http://ec.europa.eu/epale/en/resource-centre/content/socio-pedagogical-competence-better-realtionships>

Læssøe, J & Lysgaard, JG 2015, 'Socio-psychological processes of identity formation among EE/ESD enthusiast', Paper presented at World Environmental Education Conference, Gothenbrug, Sweden, 29/06/2015 - 02/07/2015.

Cunha, K, Smith, VV, Johnson, JA, Bergemann, M, Meszaros, S, Shetrone, MD, Souto, D, Allende Prieto, C, Schiavon, RP, Frinchaboy, P, Zasowski, G, Bizyaev, D, Holtzman, J, Perez, AEG, Majewski, SR, Nidever, D, Beers, T, Carrera, R, Geisler, D, Gunn, J, Hearty, F, Ivans, I, Martell, S, Pinsonneault, M, Schneider, DP, Sobeck, J, Stello, D, Stassun, KG, Skrutskie, M & Wilson, JC 2015, 'SODIUM AND OXYGEN ABUNDANCES IN THE OPEN CLUSTER NGC 6791 FROM APOGEE H-BAND SPECTROSCOPY', The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 798, no. 2, L41. https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/798/2/L41

MacMillan, HA , Andersen, JL , Loeschcke, V & Overgaard, J 2015, 'Sodium distribution predicts the chill tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster raised in different thermal conditions', American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, vol. 308, no. 10, pp. 823-831. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00465.2014

Poulsen, SB , Fenton, RA & Rieg, T 2015, 'Sodium-glucose cotransport', Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension, vol. 24, pp. 463.

Grønbæk, M & Kristensen, HL 2015, 'Sødkirsebær får smilet frem', Gartner Tidende, vol. 131, no. 10, pp. 48.

Jeppesen, PB 2015, 'Sød Nyhed: Aarhus-forskeren Per Bendix Jeppesen er glad . I årevis har han kæmpet for at få det naturlige sødemiddel Stevia godkendt. ', Århus Stiftstidende, no. 69952, pp. Del 2.

Bjerring, R , Johansson, LS , Søndergaard, M , Lauridsen, TL , Kjeldgaard, A , Sortkjær, L , Windolf, J & Bøgestrand, J 2015, Søer 2013: NOVANA. Videnskabelig rapport fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, no. 122, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy. <http://dce2.au.dk/pub/SR122.pdf>

Johansson, LS , Søndergaard, M , Nielsen, A , Landkildehus, F , Kjeldgaard, A , Sortkjær, L , Windolf, J & Bøgestrand, J 2015, Søer 2014: NOVANA. Videnskabelig rapport fra DCE, vol. 166, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy. <http://ce2.au.dk/pub/SR166.pdf>

Piotrowski, JA, Narloch, W, Wysota, W & Tylmann, K 2015, 'Soft-bedded subglacial systems: a space-transgressive vs. time-transgressive model', XIX INQUA Congress, Nagoya, Japan, 26/07/2015 - 02/08/2015.

Frankjær, R 2015, Soft computation in the public sphere: Enhancing social dynamics with wearable networks. in Design, User Experience, and Usability: Design Discourse - 4th International Conference, DUXU 2015 Held as Part of HCI International 2015, Proceedings. vol. 9186, Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 447-457, 4th International Conference on Design, User Experience and Usability, DUXU 2015 Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCI International 2015, Los Angeles, United States, 02/08/2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20886-2_42

Perez, A, Lobo, D, Chinello, F, Ciro, G, Malvezzi, M, San Martin, J, Prattichizzo, D & Otaduy, M 2015, Soft Finger Tactile Rendering for Wearable Haptics. in World Haptics Conference (WHC), 2015 IEEE. Chicago, USA, 2015 IEEE World Haptics Conference (WHC) , chicago, United States, 22/06/2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/WHC.2015.7177733

Kuhlmann, E & Burau, V 2015, 'Soft governance' and the knowledge-power bonds in professionalism: case studies from the health care sector in Germany. in T Klenk & E Pavolini (eds), Restructuring Welfare Governance: Marketization, Managerialism and Welfare State Professionalism. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, pp. 145-162.

Christensen, M 2015, 'Soft magnetic ZnxMn1-xFe2O4 spinels', ICM 2015, Barcelona, Spain, 04/10/2015.

Jakobsen, KL, Petersen, JBB , Muren, L , Høyer, M, Lindberg, H & Vestergaard, A 2015, 'Soft tissue vs. bony anatomy registration in an adaptive plan selection protocol for bladder cancer', Radiotherapy & Oncology, vol. 115, no. Supplementary 1, pp. S825–S826. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8140(15)41506-3>

Dold, C & Becker, M 2015, 'Soil attributes and plant production changes in a tropical littoral wetland', Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, vol. 178, no. 4, pp. 609-621. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201400258

Rieckh, H, Gerke, H, Glæsner, N & Kjærgaard, C 2015, 'Soil column study on transport properties, DOC and particle leaching at plateau and slope positions in an erosion-affected arable landscape', Geophysical Research Abstracts, vol. 17, EGU2015-11694.

Sapkota, R & Nicolaisen, M 2015, Soil oomycete community structure association with cavity spot disease of carrot. in Abstract Book. Ecology of Soil Microorganisms. pp. 201-201, Ecology of Soil Microorganisms, Prague, Czech Republic, 29/11/2015.

Knadel, M , Thomsen, AG , Schelde, K & Greve, MH 2015, 'Soil organic carbon and particle sizes mapping using vis–NIR, EC and temperature mobile sensor platform', Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 114, pp. 134-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2015.03.013

Hemkemeyer, M, Christensen, BT, Martens, R & Tebbe, CC 2015, 'Soil organic carbon exerts particle size fraction-specific effects on microbial community structure and the mineralisation of organic pollutants', 5th International SYMPOSIUM on SOIL ORGANIC MATTER, Göttingen, Germany, 20/09/2015 - 24/09/2015.

Lefèvre, R, Barré, P, Maron, PA, Dequiedt, S, Christensen, BT, Kätterer, T, Houot, S, van Oort, F & Chenu, C 2015, 'Soil organic carbon quality and quantity affects the sensitivity of microbial communities to temperature', 5th International SYMPOSIUM on SOIL ORGANIC MATTER, Göttingen, Germany, 20/09/2015 - 24/09/2015.

Hemkemeyer, M, Christensen, BT, Martens, R & Tebbe, CC 2015, 'Soil particle size fractions harbour distinct microbial communities and differ in potential for microbial mineralisation of organic pollutants', Soil Biology & Biochemistry, vol. 90, pp. 255-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.018

Boubacar, MM, Diouf, A, Abdourahamane, S, Mahamane, A, Axelsen, JA & Ambouta, J-MK 2015, 'Soil physicochemical characteristics under different ecosystems in western Niger', International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 375-383. <http://www.ijcmas.com>

Rubæk, GH, Mundus, S & Husted, S 2015, Soil P test methods and their validity for agronomic and environmental purposes. in Validity and analytical robustness of the Olsen soil P test and other agronomic soil P tests used in the northern Europe. DCA - Nationalt Center for Fødevarer og Jordbrug, DCA rapport, no. 071.

Lutfalla, S, Abiven, S, Barré, P, Wiedemeier, D, Christensen, BT, Houot, S, Kätterer, T, Macdonald, A, van Oort, F & Chenu, C 2015, 'Soil pyrogenic carbon lacks long-term persistence', European Geosciences Union, Wien, Austria, 12/04/2015 - 17/04/2015.

Nocita, M, Stevens, A, van Wesemael, B, Aitkenhead, M, Bachmann, M, Barthès, B, Ben Dor, E, Brown, DJ, Clairotte, M, Csorba, A, Dardenne, P, Demattê, JAM, Genot, V, Guerrero, C, Knadel, M, Montanarella, L, Noon, C, Ramirez-Lopez, L, Robertson, J, Sakai, H, Soriano-Disla, JM, Shepherd, KD, Stenberg, B, Towett, EK, Vargass, R & Wetterlind, J 2015, 'Soil Spectroscopy: An Alternative to Wet Chemistry for Soil Monitoring', Advances in Agronomy, vol. 132, pp. 139-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2015.02.002

Jensen, T , Munkholm, LJ, Green , O & Karstoft, H 2015, Soil Surface Roughness Using Cumulated Gaussian Curvature. in L Nalpantidis, V Krüger, J-O Eklundh & A Gasteratos (eds), Computer Vision Systems : 10th International Conference, ICVS 2015, Proceedings. Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 9163, pp. 533-541, 10th International Conference on Computer Vision Systems, Copenhagen, Denmark, 06/07/2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20904-3_48

Larsen, UK, Bruun, TS, Hinrichsen, T & Theil, PK 2015, 'Sojaolie giver mere fedt i råmælk end palmefedt', Svin, vol. Juli 2015, pp. 26-27.

Arboe, T 2015, 'Søkwand –: et udtryksfuldt ord for øsregn', Årsskrift for Foreningen Thybomål, vol. 2. årg., pp. 20-20.

Pedersen, EMW 2015, 'Sola Gratia: Is Grace Good Enough?', Dialog, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 217-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/dial.12181

Jiang, H, Muscheler, R, Björck, S, Seidenkrantz, M-S , Olsen, J , Sha, L, Sjolte, J, Eiríksson, J, Ran, L, Knudsen, KL & Knudsen, MF 2015, 'Solar forcing of Holocene summer sea-surface temperatures in the northern North Atlantic', Geology, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 203-206. https://doi.org/10.1130/G36377.1

Grønbæk, M & Kristensen, HL 2015, 'Solbær er godt for musklerne', Gartner Tidende, vol. 131, no. 8, pp. 23.

Andersen, UB 2015, 'Solbær sætter pris på kolde vintre', Gartner Tidende, vol. 131, no. 5, pp. 24.

Gade, S 2015, 'Soldaten og nationen: Nogle betragtninger over krigsballetten I føling”', Trappe tusind, no. 13, pp. 111-115.

Fibiger, MQ 2015, Solformørkelse - astronomisk fænomen eller et tegn fra gud?. < http://www.religion.dk/religionsanalysen/solformoerkelse-astronomisk-faenomen-eller-tegn-fra-gud>

Pedersen, SH 2015, Soli Deo Gloria.

Mathiasen Stopa, SE 2015, Soli Deo honor et gloria: the Concepts of Honour and Glory in the Theology of the Young Martin Luther. in A Eusterschulte & H Wälzholz (eds), Anthropological Reformations – : Anthropology in the Era of Reformation. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen, Refo500 Academic Studies, vol. 28, pp. 229-244.

Jensen, NR 2015, 'Solid indføring i pædagogarbejdet: Ida Kornerup & Torben Næsby (red.): Pædagogens grundfaglighed og Noona Elisabeth Jensen: Pædagogikbogen', Dansk Pædagogisk Tidsskrift, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 90-92.

Kudahl, AB, Karydi, E & Vaarst, M 2015, SOLID participatory research from Denmark: Use of herbs in pastures for dairy cows: Farmers’ experience, pasture coverage analyses, and literature survey of Danish research results. <http://orgprints.org/28754/7/28754.pdf>

Dai, Z 2015, 'Solid – State 27Al and 29Si MAS NMR Investigations of White Portland Cement – Metakaolin Blends'.

Hansen, SK , Bertelsen, K , Jensen, BP , Nielsen, NC & Vosegaard, T 2015, 'Solid-State NMR Methods for Oriented Membrane Proteins', Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, vol. 88-89, pp. 48-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnmrs.2015.05.001

Saver, JL, Goyal, M, Bonafe, A, Diener, H-C, Levy, EI, Pereira, VM, Albers, GW, Cognard, C, Cohen, DJ, Hacke, W, Jansen, O, Jovin, TG, Mattle, HP, Nogueira, RG, Siddiqui, AH, Yavagal, DR, Devlin, TG, Lopes, DK, Reddy, V, du Mesnil de Rochemont, R, Jahan, R, SWIFT PRIME Investigators & Andersen, G 2015, 'Solitaire™ with the Intention for Thrombectomy as Primary Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke (SWIFT PRIME) trial: protocol for a randomized, controlled, multicenter study comparing the Solitaire revascularization device with IV tPA with IV tPA alone in acute ischemic stroke', International Journal of Stroke, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 439-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijs.12459

Venkataraman, VV, Kerby, JT, Nguyen, N, Ashenafi, ZT & Fashing, PJ 2015, 'Solitary Ethiopian wolves increase predation success on rodents when among grazing gelada monkey herds', Journal of Mammalogy, vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 129-137. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyu013

Hymøller, L 2015, 'Solskin bestemmer mængden af vitamin D3 i mælken', Danske Maelkeproducenter, vol. 6, 2015, pp. 59-60.

Kallestrup, M , Møller, HJ , Tankisi, H & Andersen, H 2015, 'Soluble CD163 levels are elevated in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and are associated with impaired peripheral nerve function', Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 54-61. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.12568

Jensen, LJN , Flyvbjerg, A & Bjerre, M 2015, 'Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Product: A Biomarker for Acute Coronary Syndrome', BioMed Research International, vol. 2015, 815942. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/815942

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