Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Tække, J 2019, 'Big Data in the school: a systems and media theoretical discussion', Paper presented at Politics of Communication, Dubrovnik, Croatia, 29/05/2019 - 31/05/2019 pp. 1. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.I1076.0789S19

Christensen, DS, Flensborg-Madsen, T, Garde, E, Hansen, ÅM & Mortensen, EL 2019, 'Big Five personality traits and allostatic load in midlife', Psychology and Health, vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 1011-1028. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2019.1585851

Frandsen, F , Johansen, W, Tench, R & Romanti, S (eds) 2019, Big ideas in public relations research and practice. Advances in Public Relations and Communication Management, vol. 4, Emerald Group Publishing, Bingley.

Saez-Rodriguez, J, Rinschen, MM, Floege, J & Kramann, R 2019, 'Big science and big data in nephrology', Kidney International, vol. 95, no. 6, pp. 1326-1337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2018.11.048

Gleaves, J & Christiansen, AV 2019, 'Big steps were needed and big steps were promised', International Network of Doping Research, INDR. <https://ph.au.dk/indr/newsletters/indr-editorial-spring-2019>

Larsen, SE 2019, bǐ jiào wén xué. in Dongfang Congkan 75. Guangxi Normal University Press, pp. 234-240.

Carstensen, J 2019, Bilag 1 - Beskrivelse af anvendte indeks og korrektioner for klimatiske variationer. in JW Hansen (ed.), Marine områder 2017. NOVANA. Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, Videnskabelig rapport fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, no. 308, pp. 115-119. <http://dce2.au.dk/pub/SR308.pdf>

Carstensen, J 2019, Bilag 1 - Beskrivelse af anvendte korrektioner for variationer i afstrømning. in JW Hansen & S Høgslund (eds), Marine områder 2018. NOVANA. Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, Videnskabelig rapport fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, no. 355, pp. 143-147. <https://dce2.au.dk/pub/SR355.pdf>

Carstensen, J & Bruhn, A 2019, Bilag 2 - Dataanalyser - bundplanter. in JW Hansen (ed.), Marine områder 2017. NOVANA. Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, Videnskabelig rapport fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, no. 308, pp. 120-121. <http://dce2.au.dk/pub/SR308.pdf>

Carstensen, J & Bruhn, A 2019, Bilag 2 - Dataanalyser - bundplanter. in JW Hansen & S Høgslund (eds), Marine områder 2018. NOVANA. Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, Videnskabelig rapport fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, no. 355, pp. 148-149. <https://dce2.au.dk/pub/SR355.pdf>

Göke, C , Carstensen, J & Hansen, JW 2019, Bilag 3 - Inddeling af vandkemistationer i farvandstyper. in JW Hansen (ed.), Marine områder 2017. NOVANA. Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, Videnskabelig rapport fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, no. 308, pp. 122-128. <http://dce2.au.dk/pub/SR308.pdf>

Göke, C , Carstensen, J & Hansen, JW 2019, Bilag 3 - Inddeling af vandkemistationer i farvandstyper. in JW Hansen & S Høgslund (eds), Marine områder 2018. NOVANA. Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, Videnskabelig rapport fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, no. 355, pp. 150-156. <https://dce2.au.dk/pub/SR355.pdf>

Lenk, H 2019, Bilateral committees in EU trade and investment agreements: Platforms for the reassertion of State control over investor-State adjudication? in F Baetens (ed.), Legitimacy of Unseen Actors in International Adjudication. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 591-610. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108641685.028

Klitmøller, J & Kirkegaard Jensen, S 2019, Bildung, Motivation, and Deliberative Democracy in Primary Education. in P Hviid & M Martsin (eds), Cultural Psychology of Education: Tensioned Dialogues and Creative Constructions. Springer, Cultural Psychology of Education, vol. 10, pp. 29-45. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28412-1_3

Paulsen, ME & Tække, J 2019, 'Bildung through social media', Netcom, vol. 33, no. 1/2, 3944. https://doi.org/10.4000/netcom.3944

Langager, S 2019, Billedkunst og handicap. in T Christensen, AB Nielsen, D Sloth Folting, L Lockenwiz & L Bech Nielsen (eds), Kunstskolens 25 års jubilæum 1994-2019. Kunstskolen for voksne udviklingshæmmede, København, pp. 8-14.

Bach-Nielsen, C 2019, 'Billedligt talt: Anmeldelse af Visuel historie : tilgange og eksempler. Syddansk Universitetsforlag. 2018', Dansk Kirketidende, vol. 171, no. 4, pp. 20-23.

Andersen, JE 2019, 'Billedtid hos Cézanne, Picasso, Duchamp og Jorn', Passepartout, no. 39, pp. 63-76. <https://tidsskrift.dk/passepartout/article/download/118790/166656/>

Makowski, P, Kamari, A & Kirkegaard, PH 2019, BIM-adoption within Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): An existing BIM-gap in the building sector. in Proceedings of the 36th International Conference of CIB W78, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK, 18-20 September. pp. 265-274, CIB W78 2019 Conference, Newcastle, United Kingdom, 18/09/2019. <http://itc.scix.net/pdfs/w78-2019-paper-026.pdf>

Strandberg, B , Dupont, YL & Kryger, P 2019, 'Bi mod bi', Weekendavisen, pp. 1-3.

Mic, V, Novak, D & Zezula, P 2019, 'Binary sketches for secondary filtering', ACM Transactions on Information Systems, vol. 37, no. 1, 1. https://doi.org/10.1145/3231936

Wachter, S, Jung, J, Shafiq, S, Basquin, J, Fort, C, Bastin, P & Lorentzen, E 2019, 'Binding of IFT22 to the intraflagellar transport complex is essential for flagellum assembly', EMBO Journal, vol. 38, no. 9, e101251. https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2018101251

Hernández-Lorca, M, Sandberg, K, Kessel, D, Fernández-Folgueiras, U, Overgaard, M & Carretié, L 2019, 'Binocular rivalry and emotion: Implications for neural correlates of consciousness and emotional biases in conscious perception', Cortex, vol. 120, pp. 539-555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2019.08.003

Boisvert, G, Sonne, C , Rigét, FF , Dietz, R & Letcher, RJ 2019, 'Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of perfluoroalkyl acids and precursors in East Greenland polar bears and their ringed seal prey', Environmental Pollution, vol. 252, no. Part B, pp. 1335-1343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.035

Nørregaard, RD , Kaarsholm, H , Bach, L , Nowak, B, Geertz-Hansen, O, Søndergaard, J & Sonne, C 2019, 'Bioaccumulation of rare earth elements in juvenile arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) under field experimental conditions', Science of the Total Environment, vol. 688, pp. 529-535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.180

Deutch, MR, Grimm, D , Wehland, M, Infanger, M & Krüger, M 2019, 'Bioactive Candy: Effects of Licorice on the Cardiovascular System', Foods, vol. 8, no. 10, 495. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8100495

Vargas-Bello-Pérez, E, Márquez-Hernández, RI & Hernández-Castellano, LE 2019, 'Bioactive peptides from milk: Animal determinants and their implications in human health', Journal of Dairy Research, vol. 86, no. 2, 0022029919000384, pp. 136-144. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029919000384

Chen, Y , Taskin, MB , Zhang, Z , Su, Y , Han, X & Chen, M 2019, 'Bioadhesive anisotropic nanogrooved microfibers directing three-dimensional neurite extension', Biomaterials Science, vol. 7, pp. 2165-2173. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8bm01603h

Islam, MS, Reineke, J, Kaushik, R, Woyengo, T, Baride, A, Alqahtani, MS & Perumal, O 2019, 'Bioadhesive Food Protein Nanoparticles as Pediatric Oral Drug Delivery System', ACS applied materials & interfaces, vol. 11, no. 20, pp. 18062-18073. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b00152

Amaro, A, Fuller, BT, Fornaciari, A, Giuffra, V & Mannino, M 2019, 'Bioarchaeological and multi-isotopic investigations on Medieval human skeletons from the monastic graveyard at Badia Pozzeveri (Italy)', EAA 25th Annual meeting of the European Archaeology Association, Bern, Switzerland, 04/09/2019 - 07/09/2019.

Esposito, C , Jensen, SM, Blaikie, FH, Søhoel, H, Konnerup, D , Brix, H & Arias, CA 2019, 'Bioavailability of phosphorus bound to different engineered materials', 3rd International Water Association (IWA) Resource Recovery (RR) Conference
, 08/09/2019 - 12/09/2019.

Esposito, C , Jensen, SM, Blaikie, FH, Søhoel, H, Konnerup, D , Brix, H & Arias, CA 2019, Bioavailability of phosphorus bound to different engineered materials. in CA Arias, CA Ramírez-Vargas, L Peñacoba-Antona & H Brix (eds), Book of abstracts. 8th International Symposium on Wetland Pollutant Dynamics and Control: 17-21 June, 2019, Aarhus University, Denmark. Aarhus University, Aarhus, pp. 150, WETPOL2019: 8th International Symposium on Wetland Pollutants Dynamics and Control, Aarhus, Denmark, 17/06/2019. <http://wetpol.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Book_of_Abstracts_WETPOL2019.pdf>

Leal, LN, Jensen, SK, Bello, JM, Den Hartog, LA, Hendriks, WH & Martin-Tereso, J 2019, 'Bioavailability of α-tocopherol stereoisomers in lambs depends on dietary doses of all-rac- or RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate', Animal, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 1874-1882. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731118003373

Raundrup, K, Olsen, M, Jacobsen, IBD, Nymand, J , Lauridsen, T , Krogh, PH , Schmidt, NM, Illeris, L, Ro-Poulsen, H & Aastrup, P 2019, BioBasis manual: Conceptual design and sampling procedures of the biological monitoring programme within NuukBasic. Nuuk Ecological Research Operations. 3 edn, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk. <http://g-e-m.dk/fileadmin/g-e-m/GEM/BioBasisManual_2019.pdf>

Gadegaard, SL , Nielsen, LR & Ehrgott, M 2019, 'Bi-objective branch-and-cut algorithms based on LP relaxation and bound sets', INFORMS Journal on Computing, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 790-804. https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2018.0846

Buescher, N, Sayoga, G, Rübsam, K, Jakob, F, Schwaneberg, U, Kara, S & Liese, A 2019, 'Biocatalyst Immobilization by Anchor Peptides on an Additively Manufacturable Material', Organic Process Research & Development, vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 1852-1859. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00152

Thers, H , Djomo, SN , Elsgaard, L & Knudsen, MT 2019, 'Biochar potentially mitigates greenhouse gas emissions from cultivation of oilseed rape for biodiesel', Science of the Total Environment, vol. 671, pp. 180-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.257

Muhmood, A, Lu, J, Kadam, R, Dong, R, Guo, J & Wu, S 2019, 'Biochar seeding promotes struvite formation, but accelerates heavy metal accumulation', Science of the Total Environment, vol. 652, pp. 623-632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.302

Jendroszek, A , Madsen, JB , Chana-Muñoz, A , Dupont, DM , Christensen, A , Panitz, F , Füchtbauer, E-M, Lovell, SC & Jensen, JK 2019, 'Biochemical and structural analyses suggest that plasminogen activators coevolved with their cognate protein substrates and inhibitors', Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 294, no. 10, pp. 3794-3805. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA118.005419

Tabey, A, Audrain, H, Fouquet, E & Hermange, P 2019, 'Bioconjugated arylpalladium complexes on solid supports for a convenient last-step synthesis of C-11-labelled tracers for positron emission tomography', Chemical Communications, vol. 55, no. 53, pp. 7587-7590. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cc03215k

Toor, S, Pramod, R & Rosendahl, L 2019, Biocrude Production from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and Model Waste Compounds by Hydrothermal Liquefaction using Supercritical Water. in TC Biomass 2019: The international Conference on Thermochemical Conversion science, Oct. 7-9, Chicago, USA (Oral presentation). The International Conference on Thermochemical Conversion Science, Chicago, United States, 07/10/2019.

Liang, C , Zhang, L , Nord, NB , Carvalho, PN & Bester, K 2019, 'Biodegradation of pharmaceuticals in post-treatment moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR): enantioselectivity and controlled co-degradation', SETAC Europe, Helsinki, Finland, 26/05/2019 - 30/05/2019.

Vergeynst, L, Greer, CW, Mosbech, A , Gustavson, K , Meire, L, Poulsen, KG & Christensen, JH 2019, 'Biodegradation, photooxidation and dissolution of petroleum compounds in an Arctic fjord during summer', Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 53, no. 21, pp. 12197-12206. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b03336

Andrade, TA, Martín, M, Errico, M & Christensen, KV 2019, 'Biodiesel production catalyzed by liquid and immobilized enzymes: Optimization and economic analysis', Chemical Engineering Research and Design, vol. 141, pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2018.10.026

Lashkari, S , Jensen, SK & Bernes, G 2019, 'Biodiscrimination of α-tocopherol stereoisomers in plasma and tissues of lambs fed different proportions of all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate and RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate1,2', Journal of Animal Science, vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 1222-1233. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz011

Kjærgaard, K , Sandahl, TD , Frisch, K , Keiding, S , Vilstrup, HVA , Ott, P , Gormsen, LC & Munk, OL 2019, 'Biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of 64CuCl2 PET/CT by intravenous and oral administration in healthy humans', Wilson Aarhus 2019, Aarhus, Denmark, 10/05/2019 - 12/05/2019.

Dahl Andersen, M , Duvald, CS , Vendelbo, M , Pedersen, SB , Jakobsen, S , Alstrup, AKO , Mikkelsen, E , Ovesen, PG & Pedersen, M 2019, 'Biodistribution of [ 11C]-metformin and mRNA expression of placentae metformin transporters in the pregnant chinchilla', Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging, vol. 2019, 9787340. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9787340

Guadilla-Saez, S, Pardo-de-Santayana, M, Reyes-Garcia, V & Svenning, J-C 2019, 'Biodiversity conservation effectiveness provided by a protection status in temperate forest commons of north Spain', Forest Ecology and Management, vol. 433, pp. 656-666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.11.040

Matos-Maravi, P, Ritter, CD, Barnes, CJ, Nielsen, M, Olsson, U, Wahlberg, N, Marquina, D, Sääksjärvi, I & Antonelli, A 2019, 'Biodiversity seen through the perspective of insects: 10 simple rules on methodological choices and experimental design for genomic studies', PeerJ, vol. 7, pp. e6727.

Bajracharya, S, Aryal, N, De Wever, H & Pant, D 2019, Bioelectrochemical Syntheses. in An Economy Based on Carbon Dioxide and Water: Potential of Large Scale Carbon Dioxide Utilization. Springer, pp. 327-358. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15868-2_9

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