Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Thomsen, MR 2025, 'Bliver drømmen om den anonyme skrift til et mareridt?', Aktualitet - Litteratur, Kultur og Medier, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 10-23. <https://tidsskrift.dk/aktualitet/article/view/160495/202253>

Kuhlmann, A 2025, Bloch, William. in MM Delgado & S Williams (eds), The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Stage Directors. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge . https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108115995

Netterstrøm, JB 2025, Blodbad i Stockholm 1520. 100 Danmarkshistorier, vol. 94, Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Aarhus.

Djernes, L , Vilstrup, H , Ott, P & Eriksen, PL 2025, 'Blood ammonia concentration measurement - effects of sampling site and cirrhosis during induced hyperammonaemia', Metabolic Brain Disease, vol. 40, no. 1, 21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-024-01442-4

Ching, XL, Samsol, S, Rusli, MU, Aqmal-Naser, M, Bidai, JA, Sonne, C, Wu, X & Ma, NL 2025, 'Blood and cloacal microbiome profile of captive green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata): Water quality and conservation implications', Chemosphere, vol. 375, 144223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144223

Birkenkamp-Demtröder, K , Nordentoft, I , Strandgaard, T , Lindskrog, SV & Dyrskjøt, L 2025, Blood-Based Biomarkers for Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis. in MA Knowles & L Dyrskjøt (eds), Biology of Bladder Cancer: From Molecular Insights to Clinical Strategies. Springer, pp. 393-413. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-68505-7_19

Månsson, CT 2025, 'Blood biomarkers - A study on circulating DNA in lung cancer patients', PhD, Aarhus University.

Nägele, FL, Scheldeman, L, Wouters, A, Heinze, M, Petersen, M, Schlemm, E, Schell, M, Ebinger, M, Endres, M, Fiebach, JB, Fiehler, J, Galinovic, I, Lemmens, R, Muir, KW, Nighoghossian, N, Pedraza, S, Puig, J, Simonsen, CZ, Thijs, V, Thomalla, G & Cheng, B 2025, 'Blood-Brain Barrier Leakage in the Penumbra Is Associated With Infarction on Follow-Up Imaging in Acute Ischemic Stroke', Stroke, vol. 56, no. 7, pp. 1832-1842. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.124.050171

Petersson, N & Jørgensen, SL 2025, 'Blood flow restriction training for an individual with Kellgren–Lawrence grade 4 ankle osteoarthritis following childhood clubfoot repair: A case report', Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 1103-1108. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2024.2377752

Rasmussen, PM 2025, 'Blood Flow Simulation and Uncertainty Quantification in Extensive Microvascular Networks: Application to Brain Cortical Networks', Microcirculation, vol. 32, no. 7, e70027. https://doi.org/10.1111/micc.70027

Tavsanli, A , Rasmussen, MK , Therkildsen, M & Young, JF 2025, 'Blood from slaughter pigs can substitute foetal bovine serum (FBS) in cultivation media and Matrigel for cell attachment: an option for cultivated meat production', Translational Food Sciences, vol. 1, no. 1, vxaf007. https://doi.org/10.1093/trfood/vxaf007

Hasle, H , Frost, L , Johansen, KB & Jørgensen, GH 2025, 'Bloodletting as Medical Child Abuse Revealed by Lack of Iron Accumulation Despite Multiple Erythrocyte Transfusions', Pediatric Blood and Cancer, vol. 72, no. 5, e31612. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.31612

Therriault, J, Brum, WS, Trudel, L, Macedo, AC, Bitencourt, FV, Martins-Pfeifer, CC, Nakouzi, M, Pola, I, Wong, M, Kac, PR, Real, AP, Witherow, C, Karikari, TK, Moscoso, A, Zimmer, ER, Schöll, M, Pascoal, T, Benedet, AL, Ashton, NJ, Schindler, SE, Zetterberg, H, Blennow, K & Rosa-Neto, P 2025, 'Blood phosphorylated tau for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis', The Lancet Neurology, vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 740-752. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(25)00227-3

Lawrence, NR, Bacila, I, Tonge, J, Dawson, J, Collins, GS, Lang, ZQ, Bryce, J, Alimussina, M, Chen, M, Ali, SR, Adam, S, Van Den Akker, ELT, Bachega, TASS, Baronio, F, Birkebæk, NH, Bonfig, W, Claahsen - Van Der Grinten, H, Cools, M, Costa, EC, Debono, M, De Vries, L, Flück, CE, Gazdagh, G, Güven, A, Hannema, SE, Iotova, V, Van Der Kamp, HJ, Krone, R, Leka-Emiri, S, Clemente-León, M, Lichiardopol, CR, Markosyan, RL, Milenkovic, T, De Miranda, MC, Neumann, U, Newell-Price, J, Poyrazoǧlu, Ş, Probst-Scheidegger, U, Russo, G, De Sanctis, L, Seneviratne, SN, Stancampiano, MR, Tadokoro-Cuccaro, R, Thankamony, A, Vieites, A, Wasniewska, M, Yeste, D, Tomlinson, J, Ahmed, SF & Krone, N 2025, 'Blood pressure and its associations in 554 children and young people with congenital adrenal hyperplasia', European Journal of Endocrinology, vol. 192, no. 5, pp. 529-539. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejendo/lvaf060

Henry, J, Berrandou, T, Brewster, LM & Bouatia-Naji, N 2025, 'Blood Pressure, Cardiometabolic Traits, and Cardiovascular Events in Women With Uterine Fibroids: A Genetic Correlation and Mendelian Randomization Study', Journal of the American Heart Association, vol. 14, no. 8, e036697. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.124.036697

Rasmussen, AA, Nordestgaard, KL, Simonsen, U & Buus, NH 2025, 'Blood Pressure–Lowering Effects of Aldosterone Synthase Inhibitors—A Systematic Review', Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, vol. 137, no. 2, e70080. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.70080

Bandara, T, Brugel, S, Lau, DCP, Jurgensone, I, Griniene, E, Garbaras, A, Butkus, L, Bučinskas, L, Fridolfsson, E, Carstensen, J & Andersson, A 2025, 'Blooms of filamentous cyanobacteria reduce zooplankton quality and pelagic food web efficiency', Limnology and Oceanography, vol. 70, no. S2, pp. S69-S83. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.70122

Jeppesen, HSF, Kristensen, L, Brink, O & Høy, K 2025, 'Blunt cerebrovascular injuries and association with cervical spine injury', Danish Medical Journal, vol. 72, no. 1, A01240067. https://doi.org/10.61409/A01240067

Djurslev, CT 2025, 'BMCR review of Mark Letteney, The Christianization of Knowledge', Bryn Mawr Classical Review. <https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2025/2025.01.04/>

Langhave, I 2025, Boafgift. in Lærebog om indkomstskat. 21 edn, Djøf Forlag, pp. 1339-1367.

Borup, J 2025, Bodhi. in lex.dk.

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Thestrup, K 2025, 'Body as center, Technology as play, Community as pedagogy', BIN NORDEN, Stockholm, Sweden, 08/05/2026 - 09/05/2026 pp. 1.

Witek, MAG, Matthews, TE, Bechtold, TA & Penhune, V 2025, 'Body maps of the sensation of musical groove', PNAS Nexus, vol. 4, no. 10, pgaf306. https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf306

Fontvieille, E, Jansana, A, Peruchet-Noray, L, Córdova, R, Gan, Q, Rinaldi, S, Dossus, L, Mahamat-Saleh, Y, Gunter, MJ, Heath, A, Aune, D, Inan-Eroglu, E, Schulze, MB, Bock, N, Dahm, CC, Castro-Espin, C, Sánchez, M-J, Perez-Cornago, A, Tin, ST, Sieri, S, Simeon, V, Ricceri, F, Tumino, R, Onland-Moret, NC, Koop, Y, Ferrari, P & Freisling, H 2025, 'Body mass index and breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women with and without cardiometabolic diseases: Findings from two prospective cohort studies in Europe', Cancer, vol. 131, no. 14, e35911. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.35911

Krogh, LQ , Henriksen, TB, Taastrøm, KA, Boie, S, Kjeldsen, ACM, Thornton, J, Fuglsang, J & Glavind, J 2025, 'Body mass index and failed induction of labor: A cohort study', Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, vol. 104, no. 12, pp. 2282-2291. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.70081

Jensen, FK, Gribsholt, SB , Schwartz, S , Andersen, AL & Bruun, JM 2025, 'Body Mass Index in Children Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic', JAMA Network Open, vol. 8, no. 7, e2519528, pp. e2519528. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.19528

Bader-Larsen, K, Nielsen, BU, Henriksen, E, Bryrup, T, Leo-Hansen, C, Mathiesen, IHM, Faurholt-Jepsen, D, Qvist, T, Oturai, P, Langdahl, B , Jeppesen, M , Olsen, HV, Pressler, T, Skov, M & Olsen, MF 2025, 'Body mass, linear growth, and body composition before and after the introduction of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor among children and adults with cystic fibrosis', Clinical Nutrition, vol. 54, pp. 132-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2025.09.008

Abraham, AJ, Clauss, M, Bailey, MA & Duvall, ES 2025, 'Body Mass Scaling of Sodium Regulation in Mammals', Acta Physiologica, vol. 241, no. 9, e70090. https://doi.org/10.1111/apha.70090

Laursen, AN 2025, 'Boganmeldelse: Dobbeltbeskatningsoverenskomster', Ugeskrift for Retsvæsen, no. B, pp. 87-88.

Madsen, LHG 2025, 'Boganmeldelse: Tingene – Grundlæggende tingsret – Sikkerhed i løsøre og fordringer', Ugeskrift for Retsvæsen, pp. 88-89.

Andersen, C 2025, Bogomtale: Aalborg Universitet og teknologiudviklingen i Nordjylland: Maria Simonsen og Mogens Rüdiger, At bygge et universitet. . Dansk Teknologihistorisk Selskab. <https://teknologihistorie.dk/2025/09/bogomtale-aalborg-universitet-og-teknologiudviklingen-i-nordjylland/>

Skoda, U 2025, Bonai Rajas and their pantheon: Divine plurality in the chronicles of a royal family of Odisha / India. in Plurality in South Asia: Festschrift for Angelika Malinar. Heidelberg Asian Studies Publishing.

Andreasen, MM , Jørgensen, K & Meldrum, A 2025, 'Bond risk premiums at the zero lower bound', Journal of Econometrics, vol. 247, 105939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2024.105939

Grove, JD , Ebbehoj, E, Watt, T, Hansen, KW & Rejnmark, L 2025, 'Bone density and microarchitecture in Graves' disease: evaluating treatment and vitamin D supplementation', Osteoporosis International, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 347-348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-024-07291-2

European Renal Osteodystrophy initiative of the CKD-MBD working group of the European Renal Association 2025, 'Bone histomorphometry for the diagnosis of renal osteodystrophy – a European consensus statement', Bone, vol. 199, 117544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2025.117544

Koedijk, JB, Barneh, F, Meesters-Ensing, JE, van Tuil, M, Sonneveld, E, Lambo, S, Perzolli, A, Schweighart, EK, Ferrao Blanco, MN, van der Meulen, M, Deli, A, Haasjes, E, Bang Christensen, K, de Groot-Kruseman, HA, Meshinchi, S, Hasle, H, Belderbos, ME, Luesink, M, Goemans, BF, Nierkens, S, Hehir-Kwa, J, Zwaan, CM & Heidenreich, O 2025, 'Bone marrow lymphocyte dynamics during chemotherapy in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia', HemaSphere, vol. 9, no. 9, e70212. https://doi.org/10.1002/hem3.70212

Brandt, IAG, Viggers, R , Harsløf, T, Frost, M & Vestergaard, P 2025, 'Bone properties in persons with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls - A cross-sectional study', Bone, vol. 190, 117306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2024.117306

Rasmussen, NH, Kvist, AV, Lykkeboe, S, Starup-Linde, J, Handberg, A, van den Bergh, JP & Vestergaard, P 2025, 'Bone turnover markers and mineral density in type 1 diabetes — A cross-sectional study: DIAFALL', Bone, vol. 198, 117548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2025.117548

Kuhlmann, A 2025, Bonfils, Asger. in MM Delgado & S Williams (eds), The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Stage Directors. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108115995

Kesting, P 2025, 'Book review: Joseph A Schumpeter (1911), Theorie der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung; English translaton of the second edition (1934), The theory of economic development; an inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest, and the business cycle. Harvard University Press.', Scandinavian Journal of Management, vol. 41, no. 4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scaman.2025.101441

Kjeldsen, T , Dalgas, U, Skou, ST, Tønning, LU, Ingwersen, KG, Birch, S, Holm, PM, Garval, M, Varnum, C, Callesen, J, Foldager, F , Bibby, BM & Mechlenburg, I 2025, 'Booster sessions for maintaining the effect of neuromuscular exercise and progressive resistance training in hip osteoarthritis: 12-month follow-up from a multicenter cluster-randomized controlled trial', Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 1393-1403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2025.07.012

Jiang, A, Chen, C, Feng, J, Li, Q, Liu, W & Dong, M 2025, 'Boosting electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution via partial oxidation of rhenium through cobalt modification in nanoalloy structure', Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 677, no. Part B, pp. 617-625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.084

da Cunha, A , Larsen, KG & Ritzert, M 2025, Boosting, Voting Classifiers and Randomized Sample Compression Schemes. in G Kamath & PL Loh (eds), Proceedings of Machine Learning Research. vol. 272, MLResearch Press, pp. 390-404, 36th International Conference on Algorithmic Learning Theory, ALT 2025, Milan, Italy, 24/02/2025.

Lønning, MN 2025, 'Bordering and orientation on the cusp of adulthood: ‘Scandinavian Afghans’ in France', Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, vol. 51, no. 15, pp. 3889-3906. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2025.2473622

Pedersen, OS, Sperling, S, Lillebaek, T, Dahl, VN & Fløe, A 2025, 'Borderline T-SPOT.TB results: test reliability, patient characteristics, and TB progression', International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 422-424. https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.25.0178

García Criado, M, Barrio, IC, Speed, JDM, Bjorkman, AD, Elmendorf, SC, Myers-Smith, IH, Aerts, R, Alatalo, JM, Betway-May, KR, Björk, RG, Björkman, MP, Blok, D, Cooper, EJ, Cornelissen, JHC, Gould, WA, Gya, R, Henry, GHR, Hermanutz, L, Hollister, RD, Jägerbrand, AK, Jónsdóttir, IS, Kaarlejärvi, E, Khitun, O, Lang, SI, Macek, P, May, JL, Michelsen, A, Normand, S, Olsen, SL, Post, E, Rinnan, R, Schmidt, NM, Sjogersten, S, Tolvanen, A, Töpper, JP, Trant, A, Vandvik, V & Vowles, T 2025, 'Borealisation of Plant Communities in the Arctic Is Driven by Boreal-Tundra Species', Ecology Letters, vol. 28, no. 9, e70209. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.70209

Mashhadi, SR 2025, 'Borehole & Laboratory Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) for the Investigation of Groundwater in Unconsolidated Sediments', PhD, Aarhus University.

Sommer, D 2025, BØRN. in Den Store Danske.lex.

Winther-Lindqvist, DA 2025, 'Børneforskeren ved, hvad der gør børn robuste og empatiske. Derhjemme har hun selv indført tre regler', Berlingske Tidende.

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