Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Thaulow, V , Nielsen, K (ed.) & Ravn, KS (ed.) 2015, Tekstredegørelse til Hvem er den falske Prophet? Hvem forvirrer Folket? Svar til Recensenten i Litt. Tid. No. 12 og 13. in Hvem er den falske Prophet? Hvem forvirrer Folket? Svar til Recensenten i Litt. Tid. No. 12 og 13. Grundtvigs Værker.

Pedersen, VA , Tafdrup, J (ed.) & Nielsen, K (ed.) 2015, Tekstredegørelse til Nok et Par Ord om Bjovulfs Drape. in Nok et Par Ord om Bjovulfs Drape. Grundtvigs Værker. <http://www.grundtvigsværker.dk/tekstvisning/6985/0#{"0":3,"v0":0,"k":0}>

Tullberg, S , Tafdrup, J (ed.) & Nielsen, K (ed.) 2015, Tekstredegørelse til Om det Philosophiske Aarhundrede. in Om det Philosophiske Aarhundrede. Grundtvigs Værker. <http://www.xn--grundtvigsvrker-7lb.dk/tekstvisning/7451/0#{"0":3,"v0":0,"k":0}>

Pedersen, VA , Riisager, E (ed.) & Nielsen, K (ed.) 2015, Tekstredegørelse til Om Kæmpevise-Bogen, en Stemme mod Hr. Levins, Hr. Liebenbergs o. s. v. in Om Kæmpevise-Bogen, en Stemme mod Hr. Levins, Hr. Liebenbergs o. s. v.. Grundtvigs Værker. <http://www.grundtvigsværker.dk/tekstvisning/3132/0#{"0":3,"v0":0,"k":0}>

Pedersen, VA , Yde, H (ed.) & Nielsen, K (ed.) 2015, Tekstredegørelse til Om offentlige Forlystelser. in Om offentlige Forlystelser. Grundtvigs Værker. <http://www.grundtvigsværker.dk/tekstvisning/6987/0#{"0":3,"v0":0,"k":0}>

Tullberg, S , Yde, H (ed.) & Nielsen, K (ed.) 2015, Tekstredegørelse til Om Videnskabeligheds Forhold til Erfaring og sund Menneske-Forstand. in Om Videnskabeligheds Forhold til Erfaring og sund Menneske-Forstand. Grundtvigs Værker. <http://www.xn--grundtvigsvrker-7lb.dk/tekstvisning/7465/0#{"0":3,"v0":0,"k":0}>

Berg, H , Yde, H (ed.) & Nielsen, K (ed.) 2015, Tekstredegørelse til Tidens Ström eller universal historisk Omrids. in Tidens Ström eller universal historisk Omrids. Grundtvigs Værker. <http://www.grundtvigsværker.dk/tekstvisning/7093/0#{"0":0,"v0":0,"k":0}>

Holst, SG , Nielsen, K (ed.) & Yde, H (ed.) 2015, Tekstredegørelse til “Til Bernhard Ingemann i Anledning af Ingenting”. in Til Bernhard Ingemann i Anledning af Ingenting. Grundtvigs Værker. <http://www.grundtvigsværker.dk/tekstvisning/6988/0#>

Hasse, C , Wallace, J, Brok, LS, Gars Jensen, U, Skov, H, Schrøder, V & Dupret, K 2015, TEKU-modellen: Teknologiforståelse i professionerne. U Press, København.

Buhl, H 2015, Telefonen. in H Kragh & KH Nielsen (eds), 50 opfindelser: Højdepunkter i teknologien. 1. edn, Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Aarhus, 50 højdepunkter, vol. 3, pp. 188-193.

Buhl, H 2015, Telegrafen. in H Kragh & KH Nielsen (eds), 50 opfindelser: Højdepunkter i teknologien. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Aarhus, 50 højdepunkter, vol. 3, pp. 152-157.

Ballegaard, SA, Kjærgaard Thorsen, M & Wentzer, HS 2015, 'TeleMatchmodellen kan være en hjælp ved valg af den rigtige telemedicinske løsning', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 177, no. V11130673, pp. 2-4. <http://ugeskriftet.dk/videnskab/telematchmodellen-kan-vaere-en-hjaelp-ved-valg-af-den-rigtige-telemedicinske-loesning>

Wagner, SR 2015, Telemedicine Systems Engineering. Medivate Publishing. <https://www.saxo.com/dk/telemedicine-systems-engineering_pdf_9788799850310>

Eichner, S 2015, 'Television Series as containers of imagined communities', NECS 2015 (European Network for Cinema and Media Studies , Łódz, Poland, 18/06/2015 - 20/06/2015.

Smith, R & Neergaard, H 2015, 'Telling business stories as fellowship-tales', International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 232-252. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJGE-08-2014-0026

Hansen, AS 2015, 'Telling Successes of Japanese Foreign Aid', International Congress of Historical Sciences, Jinan, China, 24/08/2015 - 30/08/2015.

Hansen, AS 2015, 'Telling Successes of Japanese Foreign Aid', Paper presented at International Congress of Historical Sciences, Jinan, China, 24/08/2015 - 30/08/2015.

Saeed, H, Qiu, W, Li, C, Flyvbjerg, A, Abdallah, BM & Kassem, M 2015, 'Telomerase activity promotes osteoblast differentiation by modulating IGF-signaling pathway', Biogerontology, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 733-45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-015-9596-6

Wei, Y, Backlund, L, Wegener, G, Mathe, AA & Lavebratt, C 2015, 'Telomerase dysregulation in the hippocampus of a rat model of depression. Normalization by lithium', International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyv002

Søndergaard, A , Lund, M & Nørskov-Lauritsen, N 2015, 'TEM-1-encoding small plasmids impose dissimilar fitness costs on Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae', Microbiology, vol. 161, no. 12, pp. 2310-5. https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.000183

Møller, SH & Malmkvist, J (eds) 2015, TEMADAG OM AKTUEL MINKFORSKNING. DCA rapport, no. 066, vol. 066, DCA - Nationalt Center for Fødevarer og Jordbrug.

Sørensen, A (ed.) 2015, Tema: Danske herregårde, ca. 1500-1950. in www.danmarkshistorien.dk. <http://danmarkshistorien.dk/leksikon-og-kilder/vis/materiale/danske-herregaarde/?no_cache=1>

Müller, AR & Leer, J (eds) 2015, 'Tema: Det Ny Nordiske Køkken - kritiske perspektiver', Social Kritik:Tidsskrift for social analyse & debat, no. 144, pp. 4-61.

Berthelsen, UD , Hougaard, TT, Borchmann, S, Levisen, C & Widell, P (eds) 2015, Temanummer om forholdet mellem sprog og Identitet. Skandinaviske Sprogstudier/Scandinavian Studies in Language, no. 3, vol. 6, Statsbiblioteket.dk, Aarhus. <http://ojs.statsbiblioteket.dk/index.php/sss/issue/view/2771>

Sørensen, A (ed.) 2015, Tema om Grundloven 1915. in danmarkshistorien.dk. <http://danmarkshistorien.dk/temaer/1915-grundlov/>

Møller, JE & Niels, H 2015, Tema om kulturelle sideeffekter: 'Skyld og skam' og 'Grimhedens æstetik'. <https://www.ato.dk/videndervirker/Fagligtarkiv/Sider/Nyheder/151210/Tema-om-utilsigtede-haendelser-del-3.aspx>

Møller, JE & Hansen, N 2015, Tema om utilsigtede hændelser i tandplejen - del 2: Passivitet og skyld. <https://www.ato.dk/videndervirker/Fagligtarkiv/Sider/Nyheder/151029/Kulturelle-sideeffekter-CASES.aspx>

Sørensen, A (ed.) 2015, Tema: Tyendevalgretten, 1854-1915. in danmarkshistorien.dk. <http://danmarkshistorien.dk/leksikon-og-kilder/vis/materiale/tyendevalgretten-i-1915/>

Andersen, JL , MacMillan, HA , Overgaard, J & Andersen, JL 2015, 'Temperate Drosophila preserve cardiac function at low temperature', Journal of Insect Physiology, vol. 77, pp. 26-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.03.016

Pirttioja, N, Carter, T, Fronzek, S, Bindi, M, Hoffmann, H, Palosuo, T, Ruiz-Ramos, M, Tao, F, Trnka, M, Acutis, M, Asseng, S, Baranowski, P, Basso, B, Bodin, P, Buis, S, Cammarano, D, Deligios, P, Destain, M-F, Dumont, B, Ewert, F, Ferrise, R, Francois, L, Gaiser, T, Hlavinka, P, Jacquemin, I, Kersebaum, KC, Kollas, C, Krzyszczak, J, Lorite, IJ, Minet, JK, Minguez, MI, Montesino San Martin, M, Moriondo, M, Müller, C, Nendel, C, Öztürk, I, Perego, A, Rodríguez, A, Ruane, AC, Ruget, F, Sanna, M, Semenov, MA, Slawinski, C, Stratonovitch, P, Supit, I, Waha, K, Wang, E, Wu, L, Zhao, Z & Rötter, RP 2015, 'Temperature and precipitation effects on wheat yield across a European transect: a crop model ensemble analysis using impact response surfaces', Climate Research, vol. 65, pp. 87-105. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01322

Holding, JM 2015, 'Temperature dependence of CO2-enhanced primary production in the European Arctic Ocean', Nature Climate Change. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2768

Skovgård, H & Nachman, G 2015, 'Temperature-dependent functional response of Spalangia cameroni (Perkins) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a parasitoid of Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae)', Environmental Entomology, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 90-99. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvu014

Havens, KE, Pinto-Coelho, RM, Beklioğlu, M, Christoffersen, KS, Jeppesen, E , Lauridsen, TL, Mazumder, A, Méthot, G, Alloul, BP, Tavşanoğlu, UN, Erdoğan, Ş & Vijverberg, J 2015, 'Temperature effects on body size of freshwater crustacean zooplankton from Greenland to the tropics', Hydrobiologia, vol. 743, no. 1, pp. 27-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-014-2000-8

Büntgen, U, Hellmann, L, Tegel, W, Normand, S, Myers-Smith, I, Kirdyanov, AV, Nievergelt, D & Schweingruber, FH 2015, 'Temperature-induced recruitment pulses of Arctic dwarf shrub communities', Journal of Ecology, vol. 103, no. 2, pp. 489-501. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12361

Donnino, MW, Wiuff Andersen, L, Berg, KM, Reynolds, JC, Nolan, JP, Morley, PT, Lang, E, Cocchi, MN, Xanthos, T, Callaway, CW, Soar, J & ILCOR ALS Task Force 2015, 'Temperature Management After Cardiac Arrest. An Advisory Statement by the Advanced Life Support Task Force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation and the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee and the Council on Cardiopulmonary, Critical Care, Perioperative and Resuscitation', Circulation Research, vol. 132, no. 25, pp. 2448-56. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000313

Nue, V & Birkedal, H 2015, 'Temperature-, pH- and metal-responsive mussel-inspired hydrogel materials', Fourth International Conference on Multifunctional, Hybrid and Nanomaterials, Sitges, Spain, 09/03/2015 - 13/03/2015.

Hilasvuori, E, Järvenpää, M, Akujärvi, A, Arppe, L, Christensen, BT, Fritze, H, Kaasalainen, M, Karku, K, Oinonen, M, Palonen, V, Pitkänen, J-M, Repo, A, Vanhala, P & Liski, J 2015, 'Temperature sensitivity of decomposition of soil organic carbon fractions', European Geosciences Union, Wien, Austria, 12/04/2015 - 17/04/2015.

Nguyen, M, Hospodsky, D, Spirito, CM & Angenent, L 2015, 'Temporal air Exchange rates and relative humidity may affect airbourne microbiomes more than weatherization efforts', Healthy Buildings 2015 America, Boulder, United States, 19/07/2015 - 22/07/2015.

Shea, T, Pitcher, E, Takibayev, A, Andersen, K, Celona, L, Henry, P, Mezei, F, Thomsen, HD & Zanini, L 2015, 'Temporal Characteristics of the ESS Proton and Neutron Pulses'.

Zamm, A, Pfordresher, PQ & Palmer, C 2015, 'Temporal coordination in joint music performance: effects of endogenous rhythms and auditory feedback', Experimental Brain Research, vol. 233, no. 2, pp. 607-615.

Lambrechts, A, Gaigg, S, Yarrow, K, Maras, K & Fusaroli, R 2015, Temporal Dynamics of Speech and Gesture in Autism Spectrum Disorder. in CogInfoCom 2014 - 5th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications. IEEE, -, pp. 349-353.

Pengerud, A, Stalnacke, P, Bechmann, M , Blicher-Mathiesen, G, Iital, A, Koskiaho, J, Kyllmar, K, Lagzdins, A & Povilaitis, A 2015, 'Temporal trends in phosphorus concentrations and losses from agricultural catchments in the Nordic and Baltic countries', Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil & Plant Science, vol. 65, pp. 173-185. https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2014.993690

Paxeus, N, Bester, K & El-taliawy, H 2015, 'Temporal variations and trends in loads of commonly used pharmaceuticals to large wastewater treatment plants in Sweden, a case study (Ryaverket): MICROPOL & ECOHAZARD 2015', Paper presented at MICROPOL & ECOHAZARD 2015, Singapore, Singapore, 22/11/2015 - 25/11/2015.

Settepani, V , Bilde, T & Grinsted, L 2015, 'Temporarily social spiders do not show personality-based task differentiation', Animal Behaviour, vol. 105, pp. 95-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.04.006

Stoustrup, PB 2015, 'Temporomandibular joint assessment and CBCT-imaging of the Condyle', World Orthodontic Federation, 8th Orthodontic Conference, London, Unknown, 27/09/2015 - 30/09/2015.

Stoustrup, P , Kristensen, KD , Küseler, A , Pedersen, TK & Herlin, T 2015, 'Temporomandibular joint steroid injections in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: an observational pilot study on the long-term effect on signs and symptoms', Pediatric Rheumatology , vol. 13, no. 1, 62, pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12969-015-0060-6

Stoustrup, PB , Twilt, M, Koos, B, Tzaribachev, N, Herlin, T , Pedersen, TK & Spiegel, L 2015, 'Temporomandibular pain in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.', Arthritis & Rheumatology, vol. 67, no. 10, pp. 1482.

Stoustrup, PB, Twilt, M, Koos, B, Tzaribachev, N, Herlin, T , Pedersen, TK & Spiegel, L 2015, 'Temporomandibular pain in patients with Juvenile Idiopathic arthritis', ACR/ARHP Annual meeting, San Francisco , San Francisco, United States, 06/11/2015 - 11/11/2015.

Moos, L, Nihlfors, E & Paulsen, JM 2015, Tendencies and trends. in L Moos, E Nihlfors & JM Paulsen (eds), Nordic superintendents: agents in a broken chain. Springer Science+Business Media, Cham, Switzerland, Educational Governance Research, vol. 2, pp. 311-334. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25106-6_11

Godtliebsen, IH , Hansen, MB & Christiansen, O 2015, 'Tensor decomposition techniques in the solution of vibrational coupled cluster response theory eigenvalue equations', Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 142, no. 2, 024105. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4905160

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