Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Nocita, M, Stevens, A, van Wesemael, B, Aitkenhead, M, Bachmann, M, Barthès, B, Ben Dor, E, Brown, DJ, Clairotte, M, Csorba, A, Dardenne, P, Demattê, JAM, Genot, V, Guerrero, C, Knadel, M, Montanarella, L, Noon, C, Ramirez-Lopez, L, Robertson, J, Sakai, H, Soriano-Disla, JM, Shepherd, KD, Stenberg, B, Towett, EK, Vargass, R & Wetterlind, J 2015, 'Soil Spectroscopy: An Alternative to Wet Chemistry for Soil Monitoring', Advances in Agronomy, vol. 132, pp. 139-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2015.02.002

Jensen, T , Munkholm, LJ, Green , O & Karstoft, H 2015, Soil Surface Roughness Using Cumulated Gaussian Curvature. in L Nalpantidis, V Krüger, J-O Eklundh & A Gasteratos (eds), Computer Vision Systems : 10th International Conference, ICVS 2015, Proceedings. Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 9163, pp. 533-541, 10th International Conference on Computer Vision Systems, Copenhagen, Denmark, 06/07/2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20904-3_48

Larsen, UK, Bruun, TS, Hinrichsen, T & Theil, PK 2015, 'Sojaolie giver mere fedt i råmælk end palmefedt', Svin, vol. Juli 2015, pp. 26-27.

Arboe, T 2015, 'Søkwand –: et udtryksfuldt ord for øsregn', Årsskrift for Foreningen Thybomål, vol. 2. årg., pp. 20-20.

Pedersen, EMW 2015, 'Sola Gratia: Is Grace Good Enough?', Dialog, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 217-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/dial.12181

Jiang, H, Muscheler, R, Björck, S, Seidenkrantz, M-S , Olsen, J , Sha, L, Sjolte, J, Eiríksson, J, Ran, L, Knudsen, KL & Knudsen, MF 2015, 'Solar forcing of Holocene summer sea-surface temperatures in the northern North Atlantic', Geology, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 203-206. https://doi.org/10.1130/G36377.1

Grønbæk, M & Kristensen, HL 2015, 'Solbær er godt for musklerne', Gartner Tidende, vol. 131, no. 8, pp. 23.

Andersen, UB 2015, 'Solbær sætter pris på kolde vintre', Gartner Tidende, vol. 131, no. 5, pp. 24.

Gade, S 2015, 'Soldaten og nationen: Nogle betragtninger over krigsballetten I føling”', Trappe tusind, no. 13, pp. 111-115.

Fibiger, MQ 2015, Solformørkelse - astronomisk fænomen eller et tegn fra gud?. < http://www.religion.dk/religionsanalysen/solformoerkelse-astronomisk-faenomen-eller-tegn-fra-gud>

Pedersen, SH 2015, Soli Deo Gloria.

Mathiasen Stopa, SE 2015, Soli Deo honor et gloria: the Concepts of Honour and Glory in the Theology of the Young Martin Luther. in A Eusterschulte & H Wälzholz (eds), Anthropological Reformations – : Anthropology in the Era of Reformation. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen, Refo500 Academic Studies, vol. 28, pp. 229-244.

Jensen, NR 2015, 'Solid indføring i pædagogarbejdet: Ida Kornerup & Torben Næsby (red.): Pædagogens grundfaglighed og Noona Elisabeth Jensen: Pædagogikbogen', Dansk Pædagogisk Tidsskrift, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 90-92.

Kudahl, AB, Karydi, E & Vaarst, M 2015, SOLID participatory research from Denmark: Use of herbs in pastures for dairy cows: Farmers’ experience, pasture coverage analyses, and literature survey of Danish research results. <http://orgprints.org/28754/7/28754.pdf>

Dai, Z 2015, 'Solid – State 27Al and 29Si MAS NMR Investigations of White Portland Cement – Metakaolin Blends'.

Hansen, SK , Bertelsen, K , Jensen, BP , Nielsen, NC & Vosegaard, T 2015, 'Solid-State NMR Methods for Oriented Membrane Proteins', Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, vol. 88-89, pp. 48-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnmrs.2015.05.001

Saver, JL, Goyal, M, Bonafe, A, Diener, H-C, Levy, EI, Pereira, VM, Albers, GW, Cognard, C, Cohen, DJ, Hacke, W, Jansen, O, Jovin, TG, Mattle, HP, Nogueira, RG, Siddiqui, AH, Yavagal, DR, Devlin, TG, Lopes, DK, Reddy, V, du Mesnil de Rochemont, R, Jahan, R, SWIFT PRIME Investigators & Andersen, G 2015, 'Solitaire™ with the Intention for Thrombectomy as Primary Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke (SWIFT PRIME) trial: protocol for a randomized, controlled, multicenter study comparing the Solitaire revascularization device with IV tPA with IV tPA alone in acute ischemic stroke', International Journal of Stroke, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 439-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijs.12459

Venkataraman, VV, Kerby, JT, Nguyen, N, Ashenafi, ZT & Fashing, PJ 2015, 'Solitary Ethiopian wolves increase predation success on rodents when among grazing gelada monkey herds', Journal of Mammalogy, vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 129-137. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyu013

Hymøller, L 2015, 'Solskin bestemmer mængden af vitamin D3 i mælken', Danske Maelkeproducenter, vol. 6, 2015, pp. 59-60.

Kallestrup, M , Møller, HJ , Tankisi, H & Andersen, H 2015, 'Soluble CD163 levels are elevated in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and are associated with impaired peripheral nerve function', Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 54-61. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.12568

Jensen, LJN , Flyvbjerg, A & Bjerre, M 2015, 'Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Product: A Biomarker for Acute Coronary Syndrome', BioMed Research International, vol. 2015, 815942. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/815942

Jensen, LJN , Munk, K , Flyvbjerg, A , Bøtker, HE & Bjerre, M 2015, 'Soluble receptor of advanced glycation end-products in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with remote ischaemic conditioning', Clinical Laboratory, vol. 61, no. 3-4, pp. 323-8.

Parra-Alvarez, JC 2015, 'Solution Methods and Inference in Continuous-Time Dynamic Equilibrium Economies', Århus.

Freibert, M & Swann, AF 2015 'Solvable groups and a shear construction' arxiv.org, arxiv.org. <http://arxiv.org/abs/1506.00207>

Takizawa, S, Breitenbach, T , Westberg, M , Holmegaard, L , Gollmer, A , Jensen, RL, Murata, S & Ogilby, PR 2015, 'Solvent dependent photosensitized singlet oxygen production from an Ir(III) complex: pointing to problems in studies of singlet-oxygen-mediated cell death', Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, vol. 14, no. 10, pp. 1831-1843. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5PP00230C

Sørensen, HJ, Nielsen, PFR, Benros, ME, Pedersen, CB & Mortensen, PB 2015, 'Somatic Diseases and Conditions Before the First Diagnosis of Schizophrenia: A Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study in More Than 900000 Individuals', Schizophrenia Bulletin, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 513-21. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbu110

Askou, AL & Corydon, TJ 2015, Somatic gene therapy using viral vectors: Theoretical and clinical implications in relation to treatment of genetic conditions in humans. in Somatic Genome Manipulation: Advances, Methods, and Applications. Springer, pp. 35-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2389-2_3

Li, XQ, Donnelly, DJ & Jensen, TG 2015, Somatic genome manipulation: Advances, methods, and applications. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2389-2

Elena Garralda, M & Rask, CU 2015, Somatoform and related disorders. in Rutter's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Sixth Edition. John Wiley and Sons Ltd, pp. 1035-1054. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118381953.ch72

Kothari, SF , Baad-Hansen, L, Oono, Y & Svensson, P 2015, 'Somatosensory assessment and conditioned pain modulation in temporomandibular disorders pain patients', Pain, vol. 156, no. 12, pp. 2545-55. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000325

Kothari, SF 2015, 'Somatosensory assessment and conditioned pain modulation in temporomandibular disorders pain patients', IADR 2015, Boston, United States, 11/03/2015 - 14/03/2015.

Madsen, J & Fox, AD 2015, 'Some key messages from national reports on goose management', Goose Management: Challenges 2015, Gram, Denmark, 27/10/2015 - 29/10/2015.

Contini, C, Casini, L, Stancu, V, Romano, C, Juhl, HJ , Lähteenmäki, L, Scozzafava, G & Grunert, KG 2015, 'Some like it healthy: Can socio-demographic characteristics serve as predictors for a healthy food choice?', Food Quality and Preference, vol. 46, 46, pp. 103-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2015.07.009

Klemmer, M , Mørup, A , Christensen, PR , Becker, J , Houlberg, K , Lappa, E & Iversen, BB 2015, 'Some Like It Hot: A Temperature Study on Bio-oil from Hydrothermal Liquefaction'.

Andersen, RE, Huong, DTT, Phuong, NT, Madsen, PT , Wang, T & Bayley, M 2015, 'Some like it hot: Thermal tolerance and oxygen supply capacity in two eurythermal crustaceans', Scientific Reports, vol. 5, 10743. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep10743

Olsen, J 2015, 'Some options in studying side effects of drugs taken during pregnancy', European Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 1137-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-015-0110-x

Barndorff-Nielsen, OE , Hedevang, E , Schmiegel, J & Szozda, B 2015, Some recent developments in Ambit Stochastics. Thiele Research Reports, no. 3, vol. 2015, vol. 2015/03, T.N. Thiele Centre, Department of Mathematics, Aarhus University, Aarhus. <http://data.math.au.dk/publications/thiele/2015/math-thiele-2015-03.pdf>

Barndorff-Nielsen, OE , Hedevang, E , Schmiegel, J & Szozda, B 2015, Some Recent Developments in Ambit Stochastics. in FE Benth & GD Nunno (eds), Stochastics of Environmental and Financial Economics: Centre of Advanced Study, Oslo, Norway, 2014-2015. vol. I, Springer, Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics, vol. 138, pp. 3-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23425-0_1

Barndorff-Nielsen, OE , Hedevang, E , Schmiegel, J & Szozda, B 2015 'Some Recent Developments in Ambit Stochastics' Thiele Research Reports, no. 03, T.N. Thiele Centre, Department of Mathematics, Aarhus University. <http://math.au.dk/publs?publid=1036>

Krogh, S 2015, Some remarks on the morphology and syntax of written Yiddish among Haredi Satmar Jews. in M Elmentaler, M Hundt & JE Schmidt (eds), Deutsche Dialekte. Konzepte, Probleme, Handlungsfelder: Akten des 4. Kongresses der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Dialektologie des Deutschen (IGDD). Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart, Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik – Beihefte, pp. 379-413, Deutsche Dialekte. Konzepte, Probleme, Handlungsfelder, Kiel, Germany, 13/09/2012.

Angel, S & Buus, N 2015, 'Som partner til et rygmarvsskadet menneske er man også ramt: Et fænomenologisk-hermeneutisk studie: (Translated from The experience of being a partner to a spinal cord injured person: A phenomenological-hermeneutic study)', Sygeplejersken, no. 10, 10, pp. 56.

Cai, M, Su, J, Lian, G, Dong, X, Zhang, H, Jin, M & Wei, Z 2015, 'Sono-advanced Fenton decolorization of azo dye Orange G: Analysis of synergistic effect and mechanisms', Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, vol. 31, pp. 193-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.12.017

Leth, T , Wilkens, R & Bonderup, OK 2015, 'Sonographic and Endoscopic Findings in Cocaine-Induced Ischemic Colitis', Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine, pp. 1. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/680937

Sørensen, AD 2015, Søren Kierkegaard og den eksistentielfænomenologiske problematisering af psykopatologi. in M Pahuus, J Rendtorff & P Søltoft (eds), Kierkegaard som eksistentiel fænomenolog: en antologi. 1. edn, Aalborg Universitetsforlag, Aalborg, Skriftserie om eksistentiel fænomenologi, vol. 2, pp. 251-273.

Sørensen, JN, Darre-Østergaard, A & Bjørn, GK 2015, 'Sorter af gulerødder til økologisk dyrkning', Gartner Tidende, vol. 131, no. 9, pp. 31. <http://www.gartnertidende.dk/~/media/gartnertidende/groensager/faglig-dybde/2015/sorter-af-gulerødder-til-økologisk-dyrkning.pdf?la=da>

Sørensen, JN, Darre-Østergaard, A & brøndum, MB 2015, 'Sorter af gule spiseløg 2014', Dansk Løgavl, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 4-10.

Sørensen, JN 2015, 'Sorter af økologiske hovedkål', Gartner Tidende, vol. 131, no. 16, pp. 46. <http://www.gartnertidende.dk/~/media/gartnertidende/groensager/faglig-dybde/2015/sorter-af->

Mortensen, MB , Kjolby, M & Bentzon, JF 2015, 'Sortilin and atherosclerosis', OncoTarget, vol. 6, no. 23, pp. 19352-3.

Kjolby, M , Nielsen, MS & Petersen, CM 2015, 'Sortilin, encoded by the cardiovascular risk gene SORT1, and its suggested functions in cardiovascular disease', Current Atherosclerosis Reports, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-015-0496-7

Afshani, P & Sitchinava , N 2015, Sorting and Permuting without Bank Conflicts on GPUs. in N Bansal & I Finocchi (eds), Algorithms – ESA 2015: 23rd Annual European Symposium, Patras, Greece, September 14–16, 2015, Proceedings. Springer VS, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 9294, pp. 13-24, Annual European Symposium on Algorithms, Patras, Greece, 14/09/2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48350-3_2

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