Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Pfattheicher, S, Keller, J & Knezevic, G 2019, 'Destroying things for pleasure: On the relation of sadism and vandalism', Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 140, no. April, pp. 52-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.03.049

Nielsen, JC & Stilling Olesen, J 2019, De synlige talenter. in JC Nielsen & JS Olesen (eds), Talentudvikling og elitesport i skolen. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Aarhus, Asterisk (bogserie), no. 18, pp. 191-214.

Christoffersen, EE 2019, 'Det Åbne Hjerte av Signa', Norsk Shakespeare og Teater-Tidsskrift, vol. 2019, no. 4, pp. 100-105.

Christoffersen, EE 2019, 'Det begynder at blive koldt om fødderne: En livsbekræftende rejse mod døden', Peripeti. <http://www.peripeti.dk/2019/10/31/koldt-om-foedderne/>

Højlund, S & Selmer, B 2019, 'Det brankede: Tanker om grillpølsen', Jordens Folk, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 69-75.

Mortensen, E & Raja, R 2019, Det danske engagement i Den Arabiske Golf. Carlsbergfondet. <https://www.carlsbergfondet.dk/da/Nyheder/Formidling/Store-Danske-Arkaeologer/Bahrain>

Mortensen, E & Raja, R 2019, Det danske engagement i Palmyra. Carlsbergfondet. <https://www.carlsbergfondet.dk/da/Nyheder/Formidling/Store-Danske-Arkaeologer/Palmyra>

Pade, M 2019, 'Det Danske Institut i Rom: et hovedværk i skandinavisk modernistisk arkitektur', Romhorisont, no. 70, pp. 10-11.

Pedersen, VA (ed.) & Grundtvig, NFS 2019, Det danske Maigilde. (Til Udgiveren.). Grundtvigs Værker. <http://www.xn--grundtvigsvrker-7lb.dk/tekstvisning/18480/0#>

Qvortrup, L 2019, 'Det danske uddannelsessystem er godt,men dyrt', Skolemonitor.

Aagaard, A 2019, 'Det digitale landbrug er et must', Jyllands-Posten.

Bøss, M 2019, Det digitale massemenneske: Menneskeværd i ensomhedens tid. People'sPress, København.

Nørgård, RT 2019, Det digitale (nordiske) universitetsbibliotek som videnskabende ressource og pædagogisk aktør i nordisk universitets-uddannelse (2016-18): Opsamling på resultater fra workshop på Minikonference 19.6.19 som afslutning på Nordplus projektet. <https://library.au.dk/fileadmin/www.bibliotek.au.dk/Blogs/Nordplus_-_opsamling_af_resultater_-_Final.pdf>

Bak Herrie, M 2019, 'Det digitale objekt: æstetik, data og kulturteknik', Aarhus.

Sivitskis, AJ, Lehner, JW, Harrower, MJ, Dumitru, IA, Paulsen, PE, Nathan, S, Viete, DR, Al-Jabri, S, Helwing, B, Wiig, F, Moraetis, D & Pracejus, B 2019, 'Detecting and Mapping Slag Heaps at Ancient Copper Production Sites in Oman', Remote Sensing, vol. 11, no. 3014, 3014. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11243014

Chen, T-HK, Prishchepov, A, Fensholt, R & Sabel, CE 2019, 'Detecting and monitoring long-term landslides in urbanized areas with nighttime light data and multi-seasonal Landsat imagery across Taiwan from 1998 to 2017', Remote Sensing of Environment, vol. 225, pp. 317-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.03.013

Chen, THK , Prishchepov, AV, Fensholt, R & Sabel, CE 2019, 'Detecting and monitoring long-term landslides in urbanized areas with nighttime light data and multi-seasonal Landsat imagery across Taiwan from 1998 to 2017', Remote Sensing of Environment, vol. 225, pp. 317-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.03.013

Andersen, LE & Wray, KB 2019, 'Detecting errors that result in retractions', Social Studies of Science, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 942-954. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312719872008

Skov, DS , Egholm, DL , Jansen, JD, Sandiford, M & Knudsen, MF 2019, 'Detecting landscape transience with in situ cosmogenic ¹⁴C and ¹⁰Be', Quaternary Geochronology, vol. 54, 101008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2019.101008

Spindola, LM, Santoro, ML, Pan, PM, Ota, VK, Xavier, G, Carvalho, CM, Talarico, F, Sleiman, P, March, M, Pellegrino, R, Brietzke, E, Grassi-Oliveira, R, Mari, JJ, Gadelha, A, Miguel, EC, Rohde, LA, Bressan, RA, Mazzotti, DR, Sato, JR, Salum, GA, Hakonarson, H & Belangero, SI 2019, 'Detecting multiple differentially methylated CpG sites and regions related to dimensional psychopathology in youths', Clinical Epigenetics, vol. 11, no. 1, 146. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13148-019-0740-z

Nissen, P 2019, 'Detecting Talent from the Perspectives of Students, Parents, and Teachers', US-China Education Review B, vol. 9, no. 4, 1, pp. 119-127. https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6248/2019.04.001

Bhatta, TR, Chamings, A, Vibin, J & Alexandersen, S 2019, 'Detection and characterisation of canine astrovirus, canine parvovirus and canine papillomavirus in puppies using next generation sequencing', Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 1, 4602. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41045-z

Luque, R, Nowak, G, Pallé, E, Dai, F, Kaminski, A, Nagel, E, Hidalgo, D, Bauer, F, Lafarga, M, Livingston, J, Barragán, O, Hirano, T, Fridlund, M, Gandolfi, D, Justesen, AB , Hjorth, M, Van Eylen, V, Winn, JN, Esposito, M, Morales, JC, Albrecht, S, Alonso, R, Amado, PJ, Beck, P, Caballero, JA, Cabrera, J, Cochran, WD, Csizmadia, S, Deeg, H, Eigmüller, P, Endl, M, Erikson, A, Fukui, A, Grziwa, S, Guenther, EW, Hatzes, AP, Knudstrup, E, Korth, J, Lam, KWF, Lund, MN, Mathur, S, Montañes-Rodríguez, P, Narita, N, Nespral, D, Niraula, P, Pätzold, M, Persson, CM, Prieto-Arranz, J, Quirrenbach, A, Rauer, H, Redfield, S, Reiners, A, Ribas, I & Smith, AMS 2019, 'Detection and characterization of an ultra-dense sub-Neptunian planet orbiting the Sun-like star K2-292', Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 623, A114. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834952

Palle, E, Nowak, G, Luque, R, Hidalgo, D, Barragán, O, Prieto-Arranz, J, Hirano, T, Fridlund, M, Gandolfi, D, Livingston, J, Dai, F, Morales, JC, Lafarga, M, Albrecht, S, Alonso, R, Amado, PJ, Caballero, JA, Cabrera, J, Cochran, WD, Csizmadia, S, Deeg, H, Eigmüller, P, Endl, M, Erikson, A, Fukui, A, Guenther, EW, Grziwa, S, Hatzes, AP, Korth, J, Kürster, M, Kuzuhara, M, Montañes Rodríguez, P, Murgas, F, Narita, N, Nespral, D, Pätzold, M, Persson, CM, Quirrenbach, A, Rauer, H, Redfield, S, Reiners, A, Ribas, I, Smith, AMS, Van Eylen, V, Winn, JN & Zechmeister, M 2019, 'Detection and Doppler monitoring of K2-285 (EPIC 246471491), a system of four transiting planets smaller than Neptune', Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 623, A41. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834001

Wattrang, E, Jäderblom, V, Jinnerot, T, Eriksson, H, Bagge, E, Persson, M, Dalgaard, TS & Söderlund, R 2019, 'Detection and quantification of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in blood from infected chickens - addressing challenges with detection of DNA from infectious agents in host species with nucleated red blood cells', Journal of Medical Microbiology, vol. 68, no. 7, pp. 1003-1011. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001016

Frederiksen, T & Larsen, JJ 2019, 'Detection of Capacitive Couplings in Ground-Based TEM Data with a 1D Convolutional Neural Network', Paper presented at 25th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, Held at Near Surface Geoscience Conference and Exhibition 2019, NSG 2019, The Hague, Netherlands, 08/09/2019 - 12/09/2019.

Menon, R, Schelde, P, Urrabaz-Garza, R, Radnaa, E, Richardson, L, Ravn, K, Baasch Christensen, I, Hatt, L, Vogel, I , Uldbjerg, N & Singh, R 2019, 'Detection of Circulating Amniochorion (Fetal Membrane) Cells in Maternal Blood Samples', Society for reproductive Investigation, Paris, France, 12/03/2019 - 16/03/2019.

Diniz, WJS, Mazzoni, G, Coutinho, LL, Banerjee, P, Geistlinger, L, Cesar, ASM, Bertolini, F, Afonso, J, de Oliveira, PSN, Tizioto, PC, Kadarmideen, H & Regitano, LCA 2019, 'Detection of co-expressed pathway modules associated with mineral concentration and meat quality in Nelore cattle', Frontiers in Genetics, vol. 10, 210. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.00210

Korsholm, K , Jensen, JM , Nørgaard, BL & Nielsen-Kudsk, JE 2019, 'Detection of Device-Related Thrombosis Following Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion: A Comparison Between Cardiac Computed Tomography and Transesophageal Echocardiography', Circulation. Cardiovascular Interventions, vol. 12, no. 9, e008112. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.119.008112

Kristensen, AG, Bostock, H, Finnerup, NB , Andersen, H , Jensen, TS , Gylfadottir, S, Itani, M, Krøigård, T, Sindrup, S & Tankisi, H 2019, 'Detection of early motor involvement in diabetic polyneuropathy using a novel MUNE method – MScanFit MUNE', Clinical Neurophysiology, vol. 130, no. 10, pp. 1981-1987. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2019.08.003

Fuglsang, K , Blaakær, J , Petersen, LK , Mejlgaard, E , Hammer, A & Steiniche, T 2019, 'Detection of high-risk human papillomavirus DNA in tissue from primary cervical cancer tumor, pelvic lymph nodes and recurrent disease', Papillomavirus research (Amsterdam, Netherlands), vol. 7, no. June, pp. 15-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pvr.2018.12.001

Vind-Kezunovic, S , Bouchelouche, K , Ipsen, P , Høyer, S , Bell, C & Bjerggaard Jensen, J 2019, 'Detection of Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Bladder Cancer using Maximum Standardised Uptake Value and ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography: Results from a High-volume Centre Including Long-term Follow-up', European Urology Focus, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 90-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euf.2017.06.005

Vesterholm, KK, Brincker, R & Brandt, A 2019, Detection of nonlinear behavior using the Random Decrement Technique. in 8th IOMAC - International Operational Modal Analysis Conference, Proceedings. International Operational Modal Analysis Conference (IOMAC), pp. 421-423, 8th International Operational Modal Analysis Conference , Copenhagen, Denmark, 13/05/2019. <https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/en/publications/detection-of-nonlinear-behavior-using-the-random-decrement-techni-2>

Okkels, H, Lagerstedt-Robinsson, K, Wikman, FP, Hansen, TVO, Lolas, I, Lindberg, LJ & Krarup, HB 2019, 'Detection of PMS2 Mutations by Screening Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colon Cancer Families from Denmark and Sweden', Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers, vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 688-695. https://doi.org/10.1089/gtmb.2018.0316

Johansen, I 2019, 'Det ekstraordinære og det almindelige: Nogle betragtninger over dæmonisk aktivitet og en søgen efter et sandt fællesskab i tre fortællinger af H.C. Andersen: ‛Vanddraaben’ (1848), ‛Den lykkelige Familie’ (1848) og ‛Dryaden’ (1868)', Plys, vol. 32, pp. 473-484.

Wendel-Hansen, J 2019, 'Det er besynderligt at opkalde en debatpris efter Viggo Hørup', Politiken, Kulturtillæg, pp. 6. <https://politiken.dk/debat/debatindlaeg/art7406447/Det-er-besynderligt-at-opkalde-en-debatpris-efter-Viggo-H%C3%B8rup>

Andersen, JE 2019, 'Det er det hele. Det er det. Det: Inger Christensen skrev ikke finlitteratur. Hun er din, min, ordenes og verdens naturpoesi ', Standart, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 28-29.

Madsen, LL 2019, 'Det er helt skævt at kriminalisere psykisk vold', Politiken, kroniken.

Bjerre, L 2019, 'Det er ikke bevist, at ydelsesniveauet har effekt på tilstrømningen af indvandrere', Information, vol. Sektion 1 , e802cbb4, pp. 18-19. <https://www.information.dk/debat/2019/12/bevist-ydelsesniveauet-effekt-paa-tilstroemningen-indvandrere?lst_cntrb>

Mortensen, SU 2019, Det er ikke kun delinger, der gør ondt. in M Mølgaard (ed.), DELT: en bog til unge om digitale sexkrænkelser. Straarup & Co, Aarhus, pp. 144-147.

Nerpin, E, Olivieri, M, Gislason, T, Olin, AC, Nielsen, R, Johannessen, A, Ferreira, DS, Marcon, A, Cazzoletti, L, Accordini, S, Pin, I, Corsico, A, Demoly, P, Weyler, J, Nowak, D, Jõgi, R, Forsberg, B, Zock, JP, Sigsgaard, T, Heinric, J, Bono, R, Leynaert, B, Jarvis, D, Janson, C, Malinovschi, A & on behalf of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) study group 2019, 'Determinants of fractional exhaled nitric oxide in healthy men and women from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey III', Clinical and Experimental Allergy, vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 969-979. https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.13394

Mørk, T , Lähteenmäki, L & Grunert, KG 2019, 'Determinants of intention to reduce salt intake and willingness to purchase salt-reduced food products: Evidence from a web survey', Appetite, vol. 139, pp. 110-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2019.04.018

Semnani-Azad, Z, Johnston, LW, Lee, C, Retnakaran, R, Connelly, PW, Harris, SB, Zinman, B & Hanley, AJ 2019, 'Determinants of longitudinal change in insulin clearance: The Prospective Metabolism and Islet Cell Evaluation cohort', BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care, vol. 7, no. 1, e000825. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000825

Kampmann, U , Knorr, S , Fuglsang, J & Ovesen, P 2019, 'Determinants of Maternal Insulin Resistance during Pregnancy: An Updated Overview', Journal of Diabetes Research, vol. 2019, 5320156. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5320156

Pontone, G, Weir-McCall, JR, Baggiano, A, Del Torto, A, Fusini, L, Guglielmo, M, Muscogiuri, G, Guaricci, AI, Andreini, D, Patel, M, Nieman, K, Akasaka, T, Rogers, C, Nørgaard, BL, Bax, J, Raff, GL, Chinnaiyan, K, Berman, D, Fairbairn, T, Koweek, LH & Leipsic, J 2019, 'Determinants of Rejection Rate for Coronary CT Angiography Fractional Flow Reserve Analysis', Radiology, vol. 292, no. 3, pp. 597-605. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2019182673

Schilbach, K, Gar, C, Lechner, A, Nicolay, SS, Schwerdt, L, Haenelt, M, Dal, J , Jorgensen, JOL, Störmann, S, Schopohl, J & Bidlingmaier, M 2019, 'Determinants Of The Growth Hormone Nadir During Oral Glucose Tolerance Test In Adults', European Journal of Endocrinology, vol. 181, no. 1, pp. 55-67. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-19-0139

Zemo, KH, Kassahun, HT & Olsen, SB 2019, 'Determinants of willingness-to-pay for attributes of power outage - An empirical discrete choice experiment addressing implications for fuel switching in developing countries', Energy, vol. 174, pp. 206-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.02.129

Soliman, M, Khorshid, MA, El-Marsafy, AM, Abo-Aly, MM & Khedr, T 2019, 'Determination of 10 pesticides, newly registered in Egypt, using modified QuEChERS method in combination with gas and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometric detection', International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 224-242. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2019.1588263

Harichandran, A 2019, Determination of Automated Construction Operations from Sensor Data Using Machine Learning. in 4th International Conference on Civil and Building Engineering Informatics (ICCBEI 2019). <https://www.academia.edu/41057396/Determination_of_Automated_Construction_Operations_from_Sensor_Data_Using_Machine_Learning>

Tsochatzis, E, Dehouck, P, Alberto Lopes, J, Emteborg, H, Robouch, P & Hoekstra, E 2019, Determination of PBT cyclic oligomers in and migrated from food contact materials- FCM-19/01 Proficiency Testing Report. JRC118572 edn, Publications office of the European Union.

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