Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Hansen, JG & Johannsen, M 2003, 'Pentamethylated and Pentaphenylated Azaferro- and Azaruthenocenes: Simple and General Methodology for the Preparation of Enantiopure Derivatives', J. Org. Chem., vol. 68, pp. 1266-.

Höybye, C, Barkeling, B, Espelund, U, Petersson, M & Thorén, M 2003, 'Peptides associated with hyperphagia in adults with Prader-Willi syndrome before and during GH treatment', Growth Hormone & IGF Research, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 322-7.

Trondsen, T, Scholderer, J, Lund, E & Eggen, AE 2003, 'Perceived barriers to consumption of fish among Norwegian women', Appetite, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 301-314. <http://www.baser.dk/login?url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6WB2-49CSW02-3-T&_cdi=6698&_orig=browse&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2003&_sk=999589996&view=c&wchp=dGLbVlb-zSkWA&_acct=C000033698&_version=1&_userid=634412&md5=56f39c1e26306008d0c96d5030646681&ie=f.pdf>

Roininen, K, Fillion, L, Kilcast, D & Lähteenmäki, L 2003, 'Perceived eating difficulties and preferences for various textures of raw and cooked carrots in young and elderly subjects', Journal of Sensory Studies, vol. 18, pp. 437-451.

Zachariae, R, Pedersen, C, Jensen, AB, Ehrnrooth, E, Rossen, P & Maase, HVD 2003, 'Perceived physician communication style: Associations with patient satisfaction, distress, cancer-related self-efficacy, and perceived control over the disease', The 61st Annual Meeting of The American Psychosomatic Society, March 2003, Phoenix, Arizona, United States, 17/12/2010.

Marr, B, Bukh, PN & Mouritsen, J 2003, 'Perceived Wisdom', Financial Management, vol. July, pp. 32-34. <http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=10269913&db=buh&site=ehost>

Routasalo, P, Wagner, L, Bayer, N & Virtanen, H 2003, 'Perceptions of geriatric rehabilitation nursing in Denmark', Vaard i Norden, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 4-10.

Kristensen, M & Balslev, H 2003, 'Perceptions, use and availability of woody plants among the Gourounsi in Burkina Faso', Biodiversity and Conservation, vol. 12, pp. 1715-1739.

Jensen, LO, Thayssen, P, Kassis, E, Rasmussen, K, Saunamaki, K & Thuesen, L 2003, 'Percutaneous coronary intervention in Denmark from 1989 to 1998. Results fra the Danish PTCA-registry', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 165, no. 28, pp. 2809-2812.

Søndergaard, HM 2003, '[Percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with diabetes mellitus]', Ugeskrift for Læger.

Søndergaard, HS , Bøtker, HE , Bøttcher, M & Nielsen, TT 2003, 'Percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with diabetes mellitus', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 165, no. 2, pp. 111-115.

Christensen, M 2003, 'Performanceevaluering af danske investeringsforeninger', Finans/Invest, vol. 4, pp. 16-21.

Christensen, M 2003, 'Performanceevaluering af danske investeringsforeninger - en rettelse', Finans/Invest, no. 5, pp. 31.

Kuijpers, G, Nielsen, TT & Prasad, R 2003, 'Performance Investigation of Extensions to the AODV Routing Protocol', Paper presented at 6th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Coomunications. WPMC 2003, Yokosuda, Japan, 21/10/2003 - 22/10/2003.

Kristensen, K & Westlund, AH 2003, Performance Measurement and Business Results. in Ikke angivet. Dubai Quality Award, 8th World Congress for Total Quality Management, Dubai, 06/10/2003.

Illeris, H 2003, 'Performative positioner i kunstpædagogik', Valoer, vol. 2003, no. 4.

Rasmussen, M, Juul, N, Vestergaard-Poulsen, P, Cold, G , Gyldensted, C & Østergaard, L 2003, Perfusion and diffusion MRI as tools for monitoring anaesthetic regimes in patients subjected to craniotomy for brain tumors. in Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. Congress of the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Helsinki, 17/12/2010.

Jensen, BF 2003, Perfusion measurements with MR - an improved model. Aarhus Universitet.

Obel, C , Henriksen, TB , Hedegaard, M , Bech, BH , Wisborg, K & Olsen, J 2003, 'Periconceptional smoking and the male to female ratio in the offspring--re-assessment of a recently proposed hypothesis.', International Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 470-471; author reply 471. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyg089

Olesen, AW, Westergaard, JG & Olsen, J 2003, 'Perinatal and maternal complications related to postterm delivery: A national register-based study, 1978-1993', American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 189, no. 1, pp. 222-227. https://doi.org/10.1067/mob.2003.446

Andersson, NE & Grønborg, H 2003, 'Periodeskygning', Gartner Tidende, vol. 119, no. 41, pp. 8-9.

Hedetoft Madsen, L 2003, 'Periodisering af overskud i interessentskab - en kommentar', Tidsskrift for Skatter og Afgifter, no. 12, pp. 922-927.

Bælum, V, Pisuithanakan, S, Teanpaisan, R, Pithpornchaiyakul, W, Pongpaisal, S, Papapanou, PN, Dahlen, G & Fejerskov, O 2003, 'Periodontal conditions among adults in Southern Thailand', Journal of Periodontal Research, vol. 38, pp. 156-163.

Baelum, V, Pisuithanakan, S, Teanpaisan, R, Pithpornchaiyakul, W, Pongpaisal, S, Papapanou, PN, Dahlén, G & Fejerskov, O 2003, 'Periodontal conditions among adults in Southern Thailand.', Journal of Periodontal Research, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 156-63.

Lopez, R 2003, 'Periodontitis in adolescents: Studies among Chilean high school students', Aarhus.

Søndergaard, HS , Bøtker, HE , Bøttcher, M & Nielsen, TT 2003, 'Perkutan koronar intervention hos patienter med diabetes mellitus', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 6, no. 165, pp. 111-115.

Smith, V , Madsen, ES & Dilling-Hansen, M 2003, 'Persistence in Firm Profit and Ownership Concentration', Paper presented at Workshop on Corporate Governance and Investment, Haus der Industrie, Vienna, Austria, December, 18/12/2010.

Pedersen, J 2003, 'Personalegoder - Naturalydelser', Revision og Regnskabsvæsen, no. 6 SM, pp. 168-171.

Andersen, T & Rasmussen, E 2003, Personaleomsætning - erfaringer fra New Zealand. in SR Hildebrandt & TR Andersen (eds), Human Resource Management. Børsens Forlag, Kbh., Børsen Ledelseshåndbøger.

Sørensen, M, Autrup, H , Hertel, O, Wallin, H, Knudsen, LE & Loft, S 2003, 'Personal exposure to PM2.5 and biomarkers of DNA damage', Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 191-196.

Hartmann, P , Larsen, L & Nyborg, H 2003, Personality as predictor of educational achievement. in Proceedings of the 4th Annual Conference of the International Society for Intelligence Research. pp. 12, The 4th Annual Conference of the International Society for Intelligence Research, Newport Beach, CA, United States, 04/12/2003.

Christensen, LB 2003, 'Person and Religion: An Analysis of Aelius Aristides' Hieroi Logoi', Århus.

Tønnesvang, J 2003, Personbårne betydningsdimensioner. in A Aboulafia, HH Hybschmann, T Hansen & J Bang (eds), Virksomhed, betydning og mening. Roskilde Universitetsforlag, pp. 211-226.

Lind, MG 2003, 'Persondataloven og lov om tv-overvågning - gennemtænkt samspil?', Retsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift, no. 1, pp. 1-19. <http://rtid.dk/om.html>

Andersen, J & Borre, O 2003, Personfaktorer. in JG Andersen & O Borre (eds), Politisk forandring. Værdipolitik og nye skillelinjer ved folketingsvalget 2001. Systime, Århus, pp. 363-371.

Bovbjerg, KM 2003, 'Personligheden i arbejdslivet - et kritisk perspektiv på de bløde organisationsformer', Værdier, etik og socialt ansvar i virksomheder - Brudflader og konvergens, vol. 2003.

Laursen, PF 2003, Personlighed på dagsordenen. in Person og profession. Billesøe og Baltzer, Værløse.

Pedersen, J, Iversen, T (ed.), Kristensen, LH (ed.) & Werlauff, E (ed.) 2003, Personlig virksomhed i selskabsform. in Hyldestskrift til Jørgen Nørgaard. Djøf Forlag, pp. 977-986.

Bingley, P & Westergård-Nielsen, NC 2003, 'Personnel Policy and Profit', Journal of Business Research, no. 5729, pp. 1-7. <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6V7S-45XTCX3-7-3&_cdi=5850&_orig=browse&_coverDate=01%2F20%2F2003&_sk=999999999&view=c&wchp=dGLbVlb-lSzBk&_acct=C000033698&_version=1&_userid=634412&md5=b34b30f66f996a31461f073b50551e8d&ie=f.pdf>

Laursen, PF (ed.) 2003, Person og profession: En udfordring for socialrådgivere, sygeplejersker, lærere og pædagoger. 1. edn, Billesøe og Baltzer, Værløse.

Schnack, K & Ward, K 2003, 'Perspectives on the Eco-Schools Programme: An environment/education dialogue', Environmental Education, Ethics and Action in Southern Africa, vol. 20.

Nielsen, L, Hald, AB, Hoffmann, CC, Olsen, H, Hald, AB (ed.), Hoffmann, CC (ed.) & Nielsen, L (ed.) 2003, Perspektiver for drift af ferske enge. in DJF rapport - Markbrug. Danmarks Jordbrugsforskning, DJF rapport, markbrug, vol. 91, pp. 183-190.

Dahl, HV 2003, 'Perspektiver på det nye metadoncirkulære', Nyhedsbrev for Rusmiddelforskning, no. 2, pp. 7-10.

Borch, C & Larsen, LT 2003, Perspektiv, magt og styring - Luhmann og Foucault til diskussion. Hans Reitzels Forlag, København.

Kuhlmann, A 2003, 'Perspektivscenens oprindelse: Anmeldelse', Sfinx, vol. 26, no. 4.

Lasaitiene, D, Chen, Y, Guron, G, Marcussen, N, Tarkowski, A, Telemo, E, Friberg, P & P 2003, 'Perturbed medullary tubulogenesis in neonatal rat exposed to renin-angiotensin', Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, no. 18, pp. 2534-2541.

Forchhammer, MC, Caning, K (ed.) & Rasch, M (ed.) 2003, Pervasive influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation in muskox-Salix feedback dynamics. in K Caning & M Rasch (eds), Zackenberg Ecological Research Operations, ZERO, 7th Annual Report, 2001. Danish Polar Center, pp. 59-60.

Elmegaard, N, Strandberg, MT, Paaske, K, Noyé, G & Andersen, LEA (ed.) 2003, Pesticidanvendelse - forbrug og miljøeffekt. in Arbejdsrapporter fra Miljøstyrelsen. Miljøstyrelsen, Arbejdsrapporter fra Miljøstyrelsen, vol. 35, pp. 26-30. <http://www.mst.dk/udgiv/Publikationer/2003/87-7972-896-0/pdf/87-7972-897-9.pdf>

Elmegaard, N, Strandberg, MT & Hansen, CWEA (ed.) 2003, Pesticidanvendelse i væksthusproduktion. in Arbejdsrapport fra Miljøstyrelsen. Miljøstyrelsen, Arbejdsrapport fra Miljøstyrelsen, vol. 36, pp. 15-20, 107. <http://www.mst.dk/udgiv/Publikationer/2003/87-7972-898-7/pdf/87-7972-899-5.pdf>

Plauborg, FL , Fomsgaard, IS , Jacobsen, OH & Olesen, SE 2003, 'Pesticider i grundvandet - er der risiko for udvaskning fra rodzonen?', Jord og Viden Tema: Landets kamp om vandet. moMemtum, vol. 2, pp. 32-34.

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