Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Farhadiyadkuri, F & Zhang, X 2025, 'A Five-Dimensional Three-Layer Digital Twin to Train a Reinforcement Learning Agent for Interaction Control of a Robotic Exoskeleton in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Rehabilitation', International Journal of Mechanical System Dynamics, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 385-400. https://doi.org/10.1002/msd2.70020

Rodriguez, B & Xydis, G 2025, 'A five-target innovation discussion on low-speed wind turbine system optimization', Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 10427-10441. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2021.1966135

Dobrosavljevic, M, Landén, M, Brikell, I, Chang, Z, Kuja-Halkola, R, Lichtenstein, P, Andell, P, Andreassen, OA, Bauer, M, Corcoy, R, de Girolamo, G, Reif, A, Larsson, H & Garcia‑Argibay, M 2025, 'A five-year risk prediction model of cardiovascular disease in individuals with bipolar disorder: a nationwide register study from Sweden', Molecular Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03381-7

Torp, K & Christensen, LH 2025, Afkald på inhabilitetsindsigelser. in S Pihlblad (ed.), Festskrift for voldgiftsloven. Djøf Forlag, pp. 207-219. <https://www.jurabibliotek.dk/display/book/9788757464146/9788757464146.xml>

Sørensen, P , Børgesen, CD , Ugilt Larsen, S , Rasmussen, J & Kristensen, HL 2025, 'Afklaringer omkring afgrøder i NUAR-beregneren', No. 2025-0813570, 8 p., May 02, 2025. Rådgivningsnotat fra DCA - Nationalt Center for Fødevarer og Jordbrug, vol. 2025.

Andersen, C 2025, 'A Flexible Blending: Cultural heritage and the concept of cultural diversity in UNESCO', Global Perspectives, vol. 6, no. 1, 142481, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2025.142481

Thielscher, A, Weise, KF, Madsen, KH, Knösche, TR, Worbs, T & Korshoej, AR 2025, 'A flexible optimization framework for transcranial electric stimulation, temporal interference stimulation and tumor treating fields', Brain Stimulation, vol. Vol. 18, no. Issue 1, Volume 18, Issue 1, pp. 294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2024.12.239

Andersen, RS 2025, Afmagt er en relationserfaring - men er den stum?.

Zayed, YNH , Kristoffersen, AE , Lohm, G , Kamari, A & Schultz, CPL 2025, 'A Formalization Framework for Integrating Social Design Intentions into Digital Building Models', Sustainability, vol. 17, no. 17, 7739. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17177739

Thomsen, DK, Fivush, R, Coman, A, Hirst, W, Luminet, O & Pillemer, DB 2025, 'A framework for vicarious and collective memory, future projections and narrative identity', Nature Reviews Psychology, vol. 4, no. 4, e1444, pp. 292-305. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44159-025-00429-x

Sidemo-Holm, W & Kristensen, JA 2025, 'A framework to identify and value ecosystem services and disservices with supply and demand', Environmental Challenges, vol. 20, 101306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2025.101306

Eriksson, B 2025, 'Afro-amerikanske kvindeliv med og uden kærlighed', Litteraturmagasinet Standart, vol. 39, no. 2.

Langhave, I 2025, Afskrivninger. in Lærebog om indkomstskat. 21 edn, Djøf Forlag, pp. 347-384.

Thylstrup, B , Schrøder, S , Fabricius, VAV , Brummer, JE , Kirk, HB & del Palacio González , A 2025, AfterCare – udvikling og pilottest af mobilapplikation til forebyggelse af tilbagefald af alkohol- og cannabisbrug blandt unge voksne.

Ørskov, M 2025, Afterimages of the 2011 Egyptian Uprising. in JI Wessels & T Tunali (eds), Art Against Authoritarianism in Southwest Asia and North Africa. Bloomsbury Publishing. https://doi.org/10.5040/9780755650682.0013

Ørskov, MB 2025, Afterimages of the 2011 Egyptian uprisings: Subjectivities of becoming in experimental cinema. in Art Against Authoritarianism in Southwest Asia and North Africa. 1 edn, Bloomsbury Publishing plc, London, pp. 85-100.

Olesen, T 2025, 'After the organization: Symbolic capital and negative expert knowledge in post-whistleblowing careers', Acta Sociologica, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 145-160. https://doi.org/10.1177/00016993241281461

Bødker, S & Ehn, P 2025, Afterthoughts for an Emergent Future. in Routledge International Handbook of Contemporary Participatory Design. Taylor & Francis, pp. 291-293. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003334330-16

Birdthistle, N & Neergaard, H 2025, Afterword. in Women in Entrepreneurship and Family Businesses: Methodological Insights to Advance Research. Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 296-302.

Lund, A, Dorn, B, Jakob, T, Christensen, LH, Jabs, F & Spillner, E 2025, 'A Fully Human Monoclonal Antibody Isolated From a Beekeeper Targets the Immunodominant IgE Epitope of Api m 10', Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 55-57. https://doi.org/10.18176/jiaci.1029

Naveed, K & Rehman, NU 2025 'A Fully Multivariate Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis Method for Fault Diagnosis'.

Sørensen, SL , Balsby, TJS & Madsen, J 2025, Afværgemidler i forhold til gæs: Undersøgelse af landmænds erfaringer med traditionelle og innovative metoder. Videnskabelig rapport fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, no. 649, vol. 649, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy. <https://dce.au.dk/fileadmin/dce.au.dk/Udgivelser/Videnskabelige_rapporter_600-699/SR649.pdf>

Pedersen, MK 2025, 'A Game of Search: Navigating the Hidden Landscape of Organizational Problem Solving', PhD, Aarhus University.

Lund, E, Vistisen, D, Svensson, J, Birkebaek, NH & Rønn, PF 2025, 'Age- and sex-dependent lipid trajectories in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes—A Danish nationwide registry-based study', Diabetic Medicine, vol. 42, no. 9, e70055. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.70055

Morsing, AE, Green, K , Clausen, S, Benjaminsen, CR, Blaavand, MS, Demtröder, JK, Skraep, J , Jensen, L , Breining, P , Kjolby, M , Vendelbo, M , Degn, SE & Thomsen, MK 2025, 'Age-associated B cells enhance tertiary lymphoid structures in the liver and promote HCC formation', Hepatology Communications, vol. 9, no. 10, e0816. https://doi.org/10.1097/HC9.0000000000000816

Tuomi, AK, Rebane, K, Arnstad, E, Berntson, L, Fasth, A, Glerup, M , Herlin, T, Kautiainen, H, Nordal, EB, Peltoniemi, S, Rygg, M, Rypdal, V, Zak, M & Aalto, K 2025, 'Age at diagnosis as a prognostic factor in selected categories of juvenile idiopathic arthritis', RMD Open, vol. 11, no. 2, e005369. https://doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2024-005369

Pedersen, VML 2025, 'Age-based healthcare prioritisation and gender discrimination', Journal of Medical Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1136/jme-2024-110073

Li, MT, Shiao, JC, Lin, CH, Kao, LL, Hsiao, HC, Hsieh, CY, Wang, PL, Grønkjær, P & Chung, MT 2025, 'Age-based δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C values of otolith organic matter reveal trophic ecology in marine fishes', Limnology and Oceanography Letters, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 734-744. https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.70041

Huber, LL 2025, 'Age-dependent gene expression from cold to heat in ostrich chicks'.

Kotmayer, L, Kozyra, EJ, Kang, G, Strahm, B, Yoshimi, A, Sahoo, SS, Pastor, VB, Attardi, E, Voss, R, Vinci, L, Kaiser, M, Dworzak, MN, De Moerloose, B, Sukova, M, Starý, J, Hasle, H, Jahnukainen, K, Polychronopoulou, S, Kállay, K, Smith, OP, Malone, A, Barzilai Birenboim, S, Masetti, R, Buechner, J, Ussowicz, M, Kjöllerström, P, Bodova, I, Kavcic, M, Català, A, Turkiewicz, D, Schmugge, M, de Haas, V, Okhomina, VI, Sotomayor, C, Catalán, P, Wehr, C, Salzer, U, Germing, U, Gattermann, N, Bödör, C, Gray, N, Lewis, S, Shimamura, A, Giorgetti, A, Erlacher, M, Niemeyer, CM & Wlodarski, MW 2025, 'Age-dependent phenotypic and molecular evolution of pediatric MDS arising from GATA2 deficiency', Blood Cancer Journal, vol. 15, no. 1, 121. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41408-025-01309-6

Rafner, JF , Zana, B , Hansen, IB, Ceh, S, Sherson, J, Benedek, M & Lebuda, I 2025, 'Agency in Human-AI Collaboration for Image Generation and Creative Writing: Preliminary Insights from Think-Aloud Protocols', Creativity Research Journal, pp. 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2025.2587803

Mortensen, PB & Shannon, B 2025, 'Agendas and Instability in American Local Politics: A study of the Austin City Council Agenda 1900-2020', Policy Studies Journal, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 815-832. https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12587

Cervin, M, Højgaard, DRMA , Jensen, S, Torp, NC, Skarphedinsson, G, Nissen, JB, Melin, K, Fausto Borelli, D, Hybel, KA , Thomsen, PH, Ivarsson, T & Weidle, B 2025, 'A General Factor of Psychopathology Predicts Treatment and Long-Term Outcomes In Children and Adolescents With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder', Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, vol. 64, no. 7, pp. 810-821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2024.06.003

Rincón, MJ, Reclari, M, Yang, XIA & Abkar, M 2025, 'A generalisable data-augmented turbulence model with progressive and interpretable corrections for incompressible wall-bounded flows', International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, vol. 116, 109970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.109970

Sadik, S & Yavari, A 2025, 'A generalized Coleman-Noll procedure and the balance laws of hyper-anelasticity', Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol. 481, no. 2320, 20250076. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2025.0076

Kjærsgaard Andersen, R, Stefansdottir, L, Riis, PT, Halldorsson, G, Ferkingstad, E, Oddsson, A, Walters, B, Olafsdottir, TA, Rutsdottir, G, Zachariae, C, Thomsen, SF, Brodersen, T, Dinh, KM, Knowlton, KU, Knight, S, Nadauld, LD, Banasik, K, Brunak, S, Hansen, TF, Hjalgrim, H, Sørensen, E, Mikkelsen, C, Ullum, H, Nyegaard, M, Bruun, MT, Erikstrup, C, Ostrowski, SR, Eidsmo, L, Saunte, DML, Sigurgeirsson, B, Orvar, KB, Saemundsdottir, J, Melsted, P, Norddahl, GL, Sulem, P, Stefansson, H, Holm, H, Gudbjartsson, D, Thorleifsson, G, Jonsdottir, I, Pedersen, OBV, Jemec, GBE & Stefansson, K 2025, 'A genome-wide association meta-analysis links hidradenitis suppurativa to common and rare sequence variants causing disruption of the Notch and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways', Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, vol. 92, no. 4, pp. 761-772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2024.11.050

Dhanoa, V , Wolter, AS , Molina León, G , Schulz, H-J & Elmqvist, N 2025, 'Agentic Visualization: Extracting Agent-based Design Patterns from Visualization Systems', IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 89-100. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCG.2025.3607741

Krull, LF, Baum, CM & Sovacool, BK 2025, 'A geographic analysis and techno-economic assessment of renewable heat sources for low-temperature direct air capture in Europe', Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 323, no. a, 119186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119186

Husum, HC , Hellfritzsch, MB , Maimburg, RD , Møller-Madsen, B, Henriksen, M, Lapitskaya, N , Kold, S & Rahbek, O 2025, 'Age-optimized cut-off values for pubofemoral distances in screening for hip dysplasia', Bone and Joint Open, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 119-125. https://doi.org/10.1302/2633-1462.62.BJO-2024-0181.R1

Borges, HB, Alickovic, E, Christensen, CB , Kidmose, P & Zaar, J 2025, 'Age-Related Differences in EEG-Based Speech Reception Threshold Estimation Using Scalp and Ear-EEG', Trends in Hearing, vol. 29. https://doi.org/10.1177/23312165251372462

Scharp, D, Leung, TM, Jensen, BT, Lauridsen, SV, Patel, D, Jones, RA, Kyprianou, N & Mohamed, N 2025, 'Age-related differences in unmet needs and their predictors among adults with bladder cancer', Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations, vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 595.e13-595.e24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2025.06.007

van Aswegen, M, Szabo, A, Currie, JJ, Stack, SH, Straley, J, Neilson, J, Gabriele, C, Cates, K, Baker, CS, Steel, D, Pack, AA, West, KL, Hofmann, NJ, Toonen, RJ, Loockerman, C, Sullivan, FA, Cheeseman, T, Sharpe, F & Bejder, L 2025, 'Age-specific body length, mass, and energetic cost of growth in humpback whales', Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol. 770, pp. 171-194. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14937

Mauthe, M, Kampinga, H & Reggiori, F 2025, 'Aggregate fragmentation: the ticket to aggrephagy', Autophagy, vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 3422-3424. https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2025.2562893

Zhang, W, Munkholm, LJ, Heck, RJ, Watts, CW & Jensen, JL 2025, 'Aggregate pore and shape properties were more strongly correlated to soil organic carbon in large aggregates: Evidence from a long-term management-induced soil carbon gradient', Geoderma, vol. 459, 117357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117357

Brasen, LPH & Tambo, T 2025, 'Agile and asset management: Efficiency in decision-making for operational life-cycle projects in transmission system operators', Energy Research & Social Science, vol. 129, 104383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104383

Pisanu, A, Kleine, K & Sommer, AF 2025, Agile design process for additive manufacturing, an exploratory study. in Proceedings of the Design Society. vol. 5, Cambridge University Press, pp. 389-398. https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2025.10053

Zhang, X, Tao, L, Nygaard, AH, Dong, Y, Groves, T, Hong, X, Goddard, CM, He, C, Postnov, D, Allodi, I, Lauritzen, MJ & Cai, C 2025, 'Aging alters calcium signaling in vascular mural cells and drives remodeling of neurovascular coupling in the awake brain', Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, vol. 45, no. 7, pp. 1265-1280. https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X251320455

Criscuolo, A, Schwartze, M, Bonetti, L & Kotz, SA 2025, 'Aging Impacts Basic Auditory and Timing Processes', European Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 61, no. 5, e70031. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70031

Chuikova, Z, Faber, A, Filatov, A, Myachykov, A, Shtyrov, Y & Arsalidou, M 2025, 'Aging-related changes in cognitive flexibility: fMRI meta‐analysis', Behavioral and Brain Functions, vol. 21, no. 1, 40. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-025-00301-1

Franjić, A, Freestone, IC, Barfod, G, Sommer, U & Degryse, P 2025, 'A glimmer of the eastern adriatic: Compositional analysis of first-millennium BCE glass from Histria (Istria, Croatia)', Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, vol. 67, 105368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105368

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