Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Hougaard, TT , Toft-Nielsen, C & Balleby, L 2025, 'Bridging Meme Studies and Audience Research: A Qualitative Analysis of Meme Reception and Use Among University Students', NordMedia 2025, Odense, Denmark, 13/08/2025 - 15/08/2025.

Van Rossem, W & Pelizza, A 2025, 'Bridging silos or adding friction? The data work behind re-identification across interoperable data infrastructures', Big Data and Society, vol. 12, no. 4, 20539517251388349. https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517251388349

Vestergaard, C & Deleuran, M 2025, 'Bridging the gap: Treatment of atopic dermatitis with dupilumab during pregnancy', Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, vol. 39, no. 9, pp. 1527-1528. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.20832

Griffiths, S, Sovacool, B, Iskandarova, M & Walnum, HJ 2025, 'Bridging the gap between defossilization and decarbonization to achieve net-zero industry', Environmental Research Letters, vol. 20, no. 2, 024063. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adaed6

Schlütter, MM , Maindal, HT , Henriksen, TB & Burau, V 2025, 'Bridging the gaps between the logics of specialization and care. Ethical decision-making in Danish antenatal care services ', Association of Social Anthropologists Annual Conference, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 08/04/2025 - 11/04/2025.

Kjær, LB , Christensen, MK & Mahon, K 2025, 'Bridging theory and practice: introducing a theoretically informed pedagogical tool for empowering educational leaders in navigating practice architectures', Professional Development in Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2025.2492678

Arregui Olivera, C 2025, 'Bridging theory and practice via education: Insights from the Erasmus Mundus Journalism Programme', Journalism, vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 1645 - 1656. https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849241286998

Nicolajsen, CW, Behrendt, CA & Søgaard, M 2025, 'Bridging the Striking Knowledge Gap on Antiplatelets for Patients With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Commentary on the 2024 European Society for Vascular Surgeons Guidelines on Abdominal Aorto-Iliac Artery Aneurysm Management', European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2024.03.017

Smead, M & Xydis, G 2025, 'Briefing: Reducing regulatory turbulence for US offshore wind development', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Engineering Sustainability, vol. 178, no. 3, 00064, pp. 164-170. https://doi.org/10.1680/jensu.22.00064

Greenman, JH, Moss, L, Chakraborty, S, Whitehead, BJ, Palmfedt, J, Nejsum, P, Hewitson, JP & Hitchcock, IS 2025, 'Brief report: Chronic murine schistosomiasis causes aberrant hemostasis', Experimental Hematology, vol. 142, 104689, pp. 104689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104689

Heß, C & Wang, SM 2025, 'Bring Witslaw Home? The Duchy of Rügen’s Trans-Baltic Contacts and the Repatriation of Human Remains', Zapiski Historyczne, vol. 90, no. 2, pp. 27-49. https://doi.org/10.15762/ZH.2025.12

J. Pain, D, Kanstrup, N & E. Green, R 2025, 'Britain’s ban on lead ammunition could save tens of thousands of birds from poisoning', The Conversation.

Amarasinghe, Y, Shiri, Y, Tan, T, Zhonghua, G, Singh, R, Davidsen, RS , Klarskov, P, Mittleman, D & Pitchappa, P 2025, Broad-Angle Beam-Steering Using a Silicon-Based Flattened Luneburg Lens for THz Band. in 2025 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2025: Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics., SS153_5, Optica Publishing Group, Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics, Californien, United States, 04/05/2025. https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_SI.2025.SS153_5

Amarasinghe, Y, Shiri, Y, Guerboukha, H, Shrestha, R, Klarskov, P & Mittleman, DM 2025, 'Broad angle broadband resolver for THz band', Scientific Reports, vol. 15, no. 1, 21005. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05321-5

Mizoroki, S, Trillò, T, Hallinan, B, Scharlach, R, Park, PH, Green, A & Shifman, L 2025, 'Broadcasting the good mom: a cross-national analysis of mom vloggers and their audiences', Information Communication and Society. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2025.2581012

Astrupgaard, SL, Gregersen, EM, Sandbye, CR & Pedersen, MA 2025, 'BROAD DATA: Ethnographic methods in the age of interdisciplinary collaboration', Ethnography. https://doi.org/10.1177/14661381251349061

Skovgaard, AL , Elmengaard, B , Christiansen, DH & Hoybye, MT 2025, 'Broadening perspectives on sharing decisions about medical treatment – the case of shoulder disease', 18th International Congress of Behavioral Medicine (ICBM 2025), Wien, Austria, 06/08/2025 - 09/08/2025.

Bonetti, L , Fernández-Rubio, G, Andersen, MH, Malvaso, C, Carlomagno, F, Testa, C, Vuust, P , Kringelbach, ML & Rosso, M 2025, 'BROAD-NESS Uncovers Dual-Stream Mechanisms Underlying Predictive Coding in Auditory Memory Networks', Advanced Science, vol. 12, no. 44, e07878. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202507878

Nørgaard, HW, Ling, J, Berger, D, Pernicka, E, Stos-Gale, ZA & Melheim, L 2025, Bronze to Scandinavia. in HW Nørgaard & SS Reiter (eds), Bronzization: Essays in Bronze Age Archaeology. Archaeopress, Oxford, pp. 217-238. https://doi.org/10.32028/9781803279213

Nørgaard, HW & Reiter, SS (eds) 2025, Bronzization: Essays in Bronze Age Archaeology. Archaeopress.

Lanz, JD 2025, 'Brotherhood after Birkenau: Jewish Child Survivors, Homosocial Bonding, and Everyday Life after Liberation', Holocaust and Genocide Studies, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 492-506. https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcaf051

Kuijper, T 2025 'Brownian motion and stochastic areas on complex partial flag manifolds with blocks of equal size'.

Alstrup, AKO 2025, 'Brunststatus har betydning for resultaterne af kemoterapi hos mus', Dansk Veterinærtidsskrift, no. 1, pp. 25-25. <https://www.ddd.dk/nyheder-og-presse/dansk-veterinaertidsskrift/dvt-artikelarkiv/>

Meltofte, H 2025, 'Brushaner flyver op til 9000 km mellem mange dansepladser', Dansk Ornitologisk Forenings Tidsskrift, vol. 119, no. 2, pp. 34-36. <https://pub.dof.dk/publikationer/492>

Dahl, K & Göke, C 2025, Bubbling Reef Habitats: Input to the interpretation manual of the marine EUNIS habitats in the Nature Restoration Regulation. Teknisk rapport fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, no. 340, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy. <https://dce.au.dk/fileadmin/dce.au.dk/Udgivelser/Tekniske_rapporter_300-349/TR340.pdf>

Welz, C 2025, Buber’s Relational Ontology and Dialogical Listening. in P Mendes-Flohr (ed.), A Companion to Martin Buber. University of Chicago Press, Chicago/London, pp. 166.

Borup, J 2025, Buddha. in Lex.

Borup, J 2025, Buddhismen genfortryllet: zen, yoga, askese og pilgrimsfærd for turister. in Oplev Japan. Forlaget Univers, Højbjerg, pp. 134-149.

Borup, J 2025, Buddhism in Denmark: Institutionalized Religion, Mindfulness and Cool Branding. in J Borup, K Jacobsen, M Häkönen & K Plank (eds), Buddhism in the Nordic Countries. Routledge, Abingdon, pp. 101-126.

Borup, J (ed.), Plank, K (ed.), Jacobsen, K & Härkonen, M 2025, Buddhism in the Nordic Countires. Routledge.

Serritzlew, S & Blom-Hansen, J 2025, Budgetlægning i kommuner og regioner. in PM Christiansen (ed.), Budgetlægning og offentlige udgifter. 4 edn, Hans Reitzels Forlag, Kbh., Statskundskab, pp. 147-176.

Christiansen, PM (ed.) 2025, Budgetlægning og offentlige udgifter. 4 edn, Hans Reitzels Forlag, København.

Jensen, UT & Holten, AL 2025, 'Buffer and booster? Testing PSM’s role in job demands-resources theory', Public Management Review , vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 317-339. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2023.2248128

Brodal, GS , Rysgaard, CM & Svenning, R 2025, Buffered Partially-Persistent External-Memory Search Trees. in A Benoit, H Kaplan, S Wild, S Wild & G Herman (eds), 33rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms, ESA 2025., 82, Dagstuhl Publishing, Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics, LIPIcs, vol. 351, 33rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms, ESA 2025, Warsaw, Poland, 15/09/2025. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2025.82

Sandrock, C, Generalovic, TN, Paul, K, Petersen, GEL, Sellem, E, Smith, MB, Tapio, M, Yakti, W, Beukeboom, LW, Deruytter, D, Jiggins, CD, Lefebvre, T, Librado, P, Pannebakker, BA, Picard, CJ, Rhode, C, Sørensen, JG, Bouwman, AC, Hansen, LS & Obšteter, J 2025, 'BugBook: Genetics of insects as food and feed', Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, vol. 11, no. 18, pp. S397-S455. https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-bja10260

Warner, CD, Hacker, K, Suji, M, Holm, L & Shneiderman, S 2025, 'Building a ‘Cultural City’: Heritage, Identity, and the Politics of Reconstruction in Bhaktapur, Nepal', Journal of Material Culture, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 212-238. https://doi.org/10.1177/13591835251316092

Giaveri, S, Abil, Z, Kohyama, S, Fu, M, Levrier, A, Adamala, K, Chinantuya, W, Dekker, C, Deng, N, Fredens, J, Hagino, K, Jahnke, K, Li, X, Lindner, AB, Liu, C, Majumder, S, Noireaux, V, Schwille, P & Westensee, IN 2025, 'Building a Synthetic Cell Together', Nature Communications, vol. 16, no. 1, 7488. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62778-8

Sørensen, J 2025, 'Building better models: a cultural immunology approach', Religion, Brain, and Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2025.2490750

Karavadra, B, Mawson, R, Dixon, S, Bak Kirk, U & Horne, AW 2025, 'Building Bridges: Enhancing Diagnosis and Care for Endometriosis Across the Primary-Secondary Care Continuum', Women's Reproductive Health. https://doi.org/10.1080/23293691.2025.2540344

Puge, K & Wahlgren, B 2025, Building change capacity through formative evaluation: Description of a concept that can contribute to sustainable improvement in vocational education and training schools. EPALE - Electronic Platform for Adult Learning in Europe. <https://epale.ec.europa.eu/en/blog/building-change-capacity-through-formative-evaluation>

Goorney, S, Karydi, E & Sherson, J 2025, 'Building Europe’s quantum technology education community', EPJ Quantum Technology, vol. 12, no. 1, 61. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-025-00362-1

Prytz, J, Ratnayake, IG, Jankvist, UT & Ahl, LM 2025, Building on success: The possibilities to reproduce the MIST project in different educational settings? in M Bosch, G Bolondi, S Carreira, C Spagnolo & M Gaidoschik (eds), Proceedings of the Fourteenth Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics Education (CERME14). European Society for Research in Mathematics Education, pp. 3869-3876. <https://scientificnet.sharepoint.com/sites/CERME14/Shared%20Documents/Forms/AllItems.aspx?viewid=5214e03d%2D9971%2D496f%2D9672%2D7a277b8a0a2c&id=%2Fsites%2FCERME14%2FShared%20Documents%2FCERME14%20Proceedings%2FProceedingCerme14%5F20251203%2Epdf&parent=%2Fsites%2FCERME14%2FShared%20Documents%2FCERME14%20Proceedings>

Bolin, A 2025, 'Building Peace at Sites of Memory: Community Relationships with UNESCO World Heritage in Post-Genocide Rwanda', Heritage and Society, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 163-185. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159032X.2025.2506132

Oxborough, RM, Emidi, B, Yougang, AP, Abeku, TA, Ahmed, F, Biggs, JR, Chan, K, Cook, J, Edwards, A, Falconer, J, Kamgang, B, Messenger, LA, Seelig, F, Taylor, R, Tedjou, AN, Lines, J, Clarke, SE & Kristan, M 2025, 'Building resilience against the growing threat of arboviruses: a scoping review of Aedes vector surveillance, control strategies and insecticide resistance in Africa', Parasites and Vectors, vol. 18, no. 1, 415. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-025-07049-7

Asselborn, T, Melzer, S, Schiff, S, Bender, M, Marwitz, F, Aljoumani, S, Thiemann, S, Hirschler, K & Möller, R 2025, 'Building sustainable information systems and transformer models on demand', Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, vol. 12, no. 1, 216. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04491-x

Søndergaard, DM & Knage, FS 2025, Bullying research and practice in Denmark. in JS Hong, R Thornberg, VJ Llorent & Z Han (eds), Bullying: Global case studies in policy and prevention for young people. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Tanaka, K, Zhang, K, Foote, J, Lee, S & French, D 2025, 'Bully-victim network perceptions of bullies, victims, and peer observers', Social Networks, vol. 83, pp. 62-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2025.06.002

Kaakinen, K, Ramula, S, Fuchs, B, Blande, JD, Vaajamo, E-M & Helander, M 2025, 'Bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) forage on plants treated with glyphosate-based herbicides despite potential behavioral consequences', Environmental Research, vol. 286, no. Pt 3, 123017, pp. 123017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.123017

Bækgaard, M , Halling, A & Moynihan , D 2025, 'Burden tolerance: Developing a Validated Measurement Instrument across Seven Countries', Public Administration Review, vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 519-546. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13835

Atzbach, R , Hansen, PHWB , Tissot, VL & Nielsen, CLK 2025, 'Burg Brink: Bischofshof des 13. Jahrhunderts und spätmittelalterliche Burg', Archäologie in Schleswig, vol. 2024, no. 20, pp. 45-62.

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