Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Lieberoth, A & Roepstorff, A 2015, Mixed methods in game research: Playing on strengths and countering weaknesses. in P Lankoski & S Björk (eds), Game research methods: An overview. ETC Press, pp. 271-290. <http://press.etc.cmu.edu/content/game-research-methods-overview>

Hayeck, TJ, Zaitlen, NA, Loh, P-R, Vilhjálmsson, BJ, Pollack, S, Gusev, A, Yang, J, Chen, G-B, Goddard, ME, Visscher, PM, Patterson, N & Price, AL 2015, 'Mixed Model with Correction for Case-Control Ascertainment Increases Association Power', American Journal of Human Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.03.004

Zhang, Y , Lynge, ME , Mian Teo, B , Ogaki, R & Stadler, BM 2015, 'Mixed Poly(dopamine)/Poly(L lysine) (Composite) Coatings: From Assembly to Interaction with Endothelial Cells', Biomaterials Science, vol. 3, pp. 1188-1196. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5BM00093A

Hagen-Peter, GA 2015, 'Mixing between enriched lithospheric mantle and crustal components in a short-lived subduction-related magma system, Dry Valleys area, Antarctica: Insights from U-Pb geochronology, Hf isotopes, and whole-rock geochemistry.', Lithosphere , vol. 7, pp. 174-188.

Mancebo, CM, Merino, C, Martínez, MM & Gómez, M 2015, 'Mixture design of rice flour, maize starch and wheat starch for optimization of gluten free bread quality', Journal of Food Science and Technology, vol. 52, no. 10, pp. 6323-6333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-015-1769-4

Seeling, P, Fitzek, FHP, Lucani Rötter, DE, Katz, M & Pedersen, MV 2015, Mobile Clouds: Technology and Services for Future Communication Platforms. in J Rodriguez (ed.), Fundamentals of 5G Mobile Networks. Wiley, pp. 125-147. <https://books.google.dk/books?id=xIxxBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA125&lpg=PA125&dq=%E2%80%9CMobile+Clouds:+Technology+and+Services+for+Future+Communication+Platforms,%E2%80%9D&source=bl&ots=_zMxcN6Gmk&sig=jVoXNmxD_whuiGOI0OUAFpMjgk4&hl=da&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiP3few_73YAhXCAJoKHYPHCT4Q6AEIMDAC#v=onepage&q=%E2%80%9CMobile%20Clouds%3A%20Technology%20and%20Services%20for%20Future%20Communication%20Platforms%2C%E2%80%9D&f=false>

Gulløv, E 2015, Mobile Positions. in Siblings: Practical and Sensitive Relations. Danish School of Education, Aarhus University, Copenhagen, pp. 98-108. <http://ebooks.au.dk/index.php/aul/catalog/book/114>

Tjornild, M , Søballe, K , Hansen, PM, Holm, C & Stilling, M 2015, 'Mobile- vs. fixed-bearing total knee replacement', Acta Orthopaedica, vol. 86, no. 2, pp. 208-214. https://doi.org/10.3109/17453674.2014.968476

Sørensen, JN , Grevsen, K & de Visser, R 2015, 'Mobil grøngødning', Gartner Tidende, vol. 131, no. 14, pp. 38-39.

Valentin, K & Olwig, KF (eds) 2015, Mobilitet og tilknytning: Migrantliv i et globaliseret Danmark. Antropologiske Studier, Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Aarhus.

Valentin, K & Olwig, KF 2015, 'Mobility, Education and Life Trajectories: New and Old Migratory Pathways', Identities - Global Studies in Culture and Power, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 247-257. https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2014.939191

Nielsen, KH 2015, Mobiltelefonen. in H Kragh & KH Nielsen (eds), 50 opfindelser: Højdepunkter i teknologien. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, pp. 281-285.

Swann, AF 2015, 'Mochizuki, Takuro. Harmonic bundles and Toda lattices with opposite sign II. Comm. Math. Phys. 328 (2014), no. 3, 1159--1198.', MathSciNet.

Pelayo, F, Skafte, A, Aenlle, ML & Brincker, R 2015, 'Modal Analysis Based Stress Estimation for Structural Elements Subjected to Operational Dynamic Loadings', Experimental Mechanics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-015-0073-6

Ingram, C, Payne, R, Fitzgerald, J & Monteiro Duarte Couto, LD 2015, Model-based Engineering of Emergence in a Collaborative SoS: Exploiting SysML & Formalism. University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Computing Science. Technical Report Series, vol. CS-TR-1449, vol. CS-TR-1449, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Computing Science, Newcastle upon Tyne. <http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/publications/trs/papers/1449.pdf>

Ingram, C, Payne, R, Fitzgerald, J & Couto, LD 2015, 'Model-based Engineering of Emergence in a Collaborative SoS: Exploiting SysML & Formalism', The 25th Anniversary INCOSE International Symposium , Seattle, WA, United States, 13/07/2015 - 16/07/2015. <http://events.incose.org/sessiondetail_921>

Mota, A, Farias, A, Woodcock, J & Larsen, PG 2015, 'Model checking CML : tool development and industrial applications', Formal Aspects of Computing, vol. 5, no. 27, pp. 975–1001. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00165-015-0342-2

Ye, K & Woodcock, J 2015, 'Model checking of state-rich formalism by linking to CSP∥B', International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 73–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-015-0402-1

Hendry, DF & Johansen, S 2015, 'Model discovery and Trygve Haavelmo's legacy', Econometric Theory, vol. 31, no. 1 (Haavelmo Memorial Issue: Part one), pp. 93-114. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266466614000218

Ebeid, ESM, Fummi, F & Quaglia, D 2015, 'Model-Driven Design of Network Aspects of Distributed Embedded Systems', I E E E Transactions on Computer - Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, vol. 34, no. 4. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2015.2394395

Bønløkke, JH , Holst, GJ , Sigsgaard, T, Korsholm, US, Amstrup, B, Gonzalez-Aparicio, I & Havskov Sørensen, J 2015, 'Modeled effects of an improved building insulation scenario in Europe on air pollution, health and societal costs: Calculs des effets sur la pollution atmosphérique, la santé et l’économie d’un programme d’amélioration de l’isolation des bâtiments en Europe', Pollution Atmospherique, vol. 225. <http://lodel.irevues.inist.fr/pollution-atmospherique/index.php?id=4780>

Hyldahl, PC, Andersen, S, Mikkelsen, S & Balling, O 2015, 'Modeling and Feasibility Study of Nonlinear Suspension Components in Multibody Systems using Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation Based Beam Elements -Application to Stabilizer Bar', S A E International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems, vol. 8, no. 2, 2015-01-0642, pp. 449-459. https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0642

Arthur, E, Tuller, M, Moldrup, P & de Jonge, LW 2015, 'Modeling and Prediction of Soil Water Vapor Sorption Isotherms'. <https://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2015am/webprogram/Paper92017.html>

Silvennoinen, A & Teräsvirta, T 2015, 'Modeling conditional correlations of asset returns: A smooth transition approach', Econometric Reviews, vol. 34, no. 1-2, pp. 174-197. https://doi.org/10.1080/07474938.2014.945336

Agosto, A, Cavaliere, G, Kristensen, D & Rahbek, A 2015 'Modeling corporate defaults: Poisson autoregressions with exogenous covariates (PARX)' CREATES Research Paper, no. 2015-11, Institut for Økonomi, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus.

van der Steen, MC, Schwartze, M, Kotz, SA & Keller, PE 2015, 'Modeling effects of cerebellar and basal ganglia lesions on adaptation and anticipation during sensorimotor synchronization', Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 1337, no. 1, pp. 101-110. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12628

Ippolito, A, Kattwinkel, M, Rasmussen, JJ, Schäfer, R, Fornaroli, R & Liess, M 2015, 'Modeling global distribution of agricultural insecticides in surface waters', Environmental Pollution, vol. 198, pp. 54-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.016

Vilhjálmsson, BJ, Yang, J, Finucane, HK, Gusev, A, Lindström, S, Ripke, S, Genovese, G, Loh, P-R, Bhatia, G, Do, R, Hayeck, T, Won, H-H, Kathiresan, S, Pato, M, Pato, C, Tamimi, R, Stahl, E, Zaitlen, N, Pasaniuc, B, Belbin, G, Kenny, EE, Schierup, MH, De Jager, P, Patsopoulos, NA, McCarroll, S, Daly, M, Purcell, S, Chasman, D, Neale, B, Goddard, M, Visscher, PM, Kraft, P, Patterson, N, Price, AL, Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (Jakob Grove, member), Grove, J (ed.), Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (Anders Børglum, member of -) & Børglum, A 2015, 'Modeling Linkage Disequilibrium Increases Accuracy of Polygenic Risk Scores', American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 97, no. 4, pp. 576-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.09.001

Pérez-Rodríguez, P, Paradelo Pérez, M, Soto-Gómez, D, Fernandez-Calvino, D & López Periago, JE 2015, 'Modeling losses of copper-based fungicide foliar sprays in wash-off under simulated rain', International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 661-672. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-013-0445-3

Andriollo, T, Thorborg, J, Skat Tiedje, N & Hattel, JH 2015, Modeling of damage in ductile cast iron - The effect of including plasticity in the graphite nodules. in MCWASP XIV: International Conference on Modelling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes. IOP Publishing, I O P Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 84, International Conference on Modelling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes, Hyogo, Japan, 21/06/2015. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/84/1/012027

Weed, E & Fusaroli, R 2015, 'Modeling parent-child dyads in the linguistic development of children with and without ASD', AUTISM@AARHUS 2015 SYMPOSIUM: 4TH ANNIVERSARY MEETING, Aarhus, Denmark, 10/09/2015 - 10/09/2015.

Pérez-Rodríguez, P, Soto-Gómez, D, López-Periago, JE & Paradelo Pérez, M 2015, 'Modeling raindrop strike performance on copper wash-off from vine leaves', Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 150, pp. 472-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.12.036

Liu, D , Feilberg, A, Hansen, MJ, Pedersen, CL & Nielsen, AM 2015, 'Modeling removal of volatile sulfur compounds in a full-scale biological air filter', Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, vol. 91, pp. 1119-1127. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.4696

Peng, Y, Xiong, X, Adhikari, K , Knadel, M, Grunwald, S & Greve, MH 2015, 'Modeling Soil Organic Carbon at Regional Scale by Combining Multi-Spectral Images with Laboratory Spectra', PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 11, e0142295. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142295

Pavlova, V 2015, 'Modeling the effects of contaminants on polar bear population dynamics'.

Enevoldsen, P & Sovacool, B 2015, 'Modeling the Social Acceptance of Wind Energy', Paper presented at Energy Transitions 2015, Joensuu, Finland, 26/02/2015 - 27/02/2015. <https://prezi.com/zfts6dl4vuit/modeling-the-social-acceptance-of-wind-energy-practical-gui/>

Massicotte, P & Markager, S 2015, 'Modeling the spectral absorption of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM)'. <http://havforsk2015.geus.dk/index.shtml>

Hammershøj, LG 2015, Modellen som sted for inspiration. <http://www.arken.dk/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/palle-nielsen-modellen-dk_med-aktive-links.pdf>

Hasler, B , Hansen, LB , Andersen, HE & Konrad, M 2015, Modellering af omkostningseffektive reduktioner af kvælstoftilførslerne til Limfjorden: Dokumentation af model og resultater. Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy.

Nainggolan, D , Termansen, M , Christensen, JH & Zandersen, M 2015, 'Modelling autonomous adaptation to climate change in the agricultural sector and the environmental-economic implications in the Nordic region', The 2nd Biennial European Climate Change Adaptation (ECCA) Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark, 12/05/2015 - 14/05/2015.

Nainggolan, D , Termansen, M , Andersen, HE , Gyldenkærne, S , Thomsen, M & Hasler, B 2015, 'Modelling cost-effective strategies for managing trade-offs and synergies between water and climate regulation in the Baltic Sea region', Paper presented at 21st Annual Conference of the European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, Helsinki, Finland, 24/06/2015 - 27/06/2015.

Nainggolan, D , Termansen, M , Andersen, HE , Gyldenkærne, S , Thomsen, M & Hasler, B 2015, 'Modelling cost-effective strategies for managing trade-offs between water and climate policies in the Baltic Region', The Danish Environmental Economic Conference, Skodsborg - Copenhagen, Denmark, 27/08/2015 - 28/08/2015.

Zhu, X, Jiao, X, Song, Q & Jørgensen, U 2015, Modelling crop growth and development for support biomass crop breeding. in Abstracts from the International conference on "Perennial biomass crops for a resource-constrained world". pp. 10-10, Perennial Biomass Crops for a Resource Constrained World, Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany, 07/09/2015.

Anantharama Ankinakatte, S & Edwards, D 2015, 'Modelling discrete longitudinal data using acyclic probabilistic finite automata: (Submitted December 2013, forventer accept i 2015)', Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, vol. 88, pp. 46-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2015.02.009

Guerin, G, Jain, M, Thomsen, KJ, Murray, AS & Mercier, N 2015, 'Modelling dose rate to single grains of quartz in well-sorted sand samples: The dispersion arising from the presence of potassium feldspars and implications for single grain OSL dating', Quaternary Geochronology, vol. 27, pp. 52-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2014.12.006

Tornbjerg, H , Windolf, J , Blicher-Mathiesen, G , Kronvang, B, Højbjerg, AL, Troldborg, L & Børgesen, CD 2015, 'Modelling nitrogen from soil to sea in Denmark: Concept and major results using a new national nitrogen model', LuWQ2015, Land Use and Water Quality: Agricultural Production and the Environment, Vienna, Austria, 21/09/2015 - 24/09/2015.

Doltra, J, Olesen, JE, Báez, D, Louro, A & Chirinda, N 2015, 'Modelling nitrous oxide emissions from organic and conventional cereal-based cropping systems under different management, soil and climate factors', European Journal of Agronomy, vol. 66, pp. 8-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2015.02.002

Andersen, HE , Trolle, D , Thodsen, H & Lu, S 2015, 'Modelling nutrient loading of Danish marine waters'.

Jødal, L, Hansen, SB, Jensen, SB, Bender, D, Alstrup, AKO, Afzelius, P & Nielsen, OL 2015, 'Modelling PET tracer uptake kinetics in inflammation and infection imaging using a porcine osteomyelitis model – preliminary results', Københavns Universitets PhD-dag, København, Denmark, 21/05/2015 - 21/05/2015.

Damgaard, CF 2015, 'Modelling pin-point cover data of complementary vegetation classes', Ecological Informatics, vol. 30, pp. 179–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2015.10.006

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