Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Mohr Drewes, A 2019, Autonomic Visceral Neuropathy and Gastrointestinal Disorders. in The Diabetes Textbook. Springer International Publishing.

Wadsholt, TK 2019, 'Autonomy, authority and engagement with difference in communication and negotiation of knowledge in the internationalized university', Nordic Association of English Studies (NAES) - Aarhus, Denmark, 08/05/2019 - 10/05/2019.

Di Rienzo, M, Antonioli, M, Fusco, C, Liu, Y, Mari, M, Orhon, I, Refolo, G, Germani, F, Corazzari, M, Romagnoli, A, Ciccosanti, F, Mandriani, B, Pellico, MT, De La Torre, R, Ding, H, Dentice, M, Neri, M, Ferlini, A, Reggiori, F, Kulesz-Martin, M, Piacentini, M, Merla, G & Fimia, GM 2019, 'Autophagy induction in atrophic muscle cells requires ULK1 activation by TRIM32 through unanchored K63-linked polyubiquitin chains', Science Advances, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. eaau8857. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau8857

Deretic, V, Prossnitz, E, Burge, M, Campen, MJ, Cannon, J, Liu, KJ, Liu, M, Hall, P, Sklar, LA, Allers, L, Mariscal, L, Garcia, SA, Weaver, J, Baehrecke, EH, Behrends, C, Cecconi, F, Codogno, P, Chen, G-C, Elazar, Z, Eskelinen, E-L, Fourie, B, Gozuacik, D, Hong, W, Jo, E-K, Johansen, T, Juhász, G, Kimchi, A, Ktistakis, N, Kroemer, G, Mizushima, N, Münz, C, Reggiori, F, Rubinsztein, D, Ryan, K, Schroder, K, Shen, H-M, Simonsen, A, Tooze, SA, Vaccaro, M, Yoshimori, T, Yu, L, Zhang, H & Klionsky, DJ 2019, 'Autophagy, Inflammation, and Metabolism (AIM) Center in its second year', Autophagy, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 1829-1833. https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2019.1634444

Janse van Rensburg, HC, Van den Ende, W & Signorelli, S 2019, 'Autophagy in plants: Both a puppet and a puppet master of sugars', Frontiers in Plant Science, vol. 10, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00014

Sonne, O 2019, 'Autoplastik af underansigt efter den italienske metode: Buntzens behandling af et offer fra slaget ved Helgoland 9. maj 1864', Dansk Medicinhistorisk Årbog, vol. 47, pp. 35-57.

Larsen, BS, Winther, S , Nissen, L, Diederichsen, A, Bottcher, M, Struijk, J, Christensen, MG & Emil Schmidt, S 2019, Autoregressive Whitening Filtering of Phonocardiography Signals for Detection of Coronary Artery Disease. in Computing in Cardiology. IEEE, 2019 Computing in Cardiology, CinC 2019, Singapore, Singapore, 08/09/2019. https://doi.org/10.23919/CinC49843.2019.9005907

Larsen, CS , Christiansen, M & Mogensen, TH 2019, 'Autosomal Dominant Hyper-IgE Syndrome Without Significantly Elevated IgE', Journal of Clinical Immunology, vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 827-831. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-019-00683-8

Angelino, L 2019, 'Aux limites du réel: renversements perceptifs et réversibilité entre registres auditifs et visuels à l’œuvre dans les promenades sonores in situ', Nouvelle revue d’esthétique, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 137-151. https://doi.org/10.3917/nre.024.0137

Kanstrup, N & Thomas, VG 2019, 'Availability and prices of non-lead gunshot cartridges in the European retail market', Ambio, vol. 48, no. 9, pp. 1039-1043. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01151-8

Aagaard Rasmussen, L , Jensen, H , Flytkjær Virgilsen, L , Jellesmark Thorsen, LB , Vrou Offersen, B & Vedsted, P 2019, 'A validated algorithm for register-based identification of patients with recurrence of breast cancer—Based on Danish Breast Cancer Group (DBCG) data', Cancer epidemiology, vol. 59, pp. 129-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2019.01.016

Strickertsson, TIB , Cornelis, M , Stoustrup, PB & Cattaneo, PM 2019, 'A validated translation of the paediatric sleep questionnaire and a pilot study on sleep disordered breathing in an orthodontic population', European Journal of Orthodontics, vol. 41, no. 5, 367, pp. e165. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjz073

Generation Scotland & Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium 2019, 'A validation of the diathesis-stress model for depression in Generation Scotland', Translational Psychiatry, vol. 9, no. 1, 25. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-018-0356-7

Møller, LA & Bechmann, A 2019, A Value-Driven Future Internet: A Social Science Perspective. NGI FORWARD - H2020, Brussels.

Holst, MR & Nejsum, LN 2019, 'A versatile aquaporin-2 cell system for quantitative temporal expression and live-cell imaging', American Journal of Physiology: Renal Physiology, vol. 317, no. 1, pp. F124-F132. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00150.2019

Sonne, C , Alstrup, AKO , Dietz, R, Ok, YS, Ciesielski, TM & Jenssen, BM 2019, 'Aviation, melting sea-ice and polar bears', Environment International, vol. 133, no. Part B, 105279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105279

Magris, M 2019 'A vine copula extension for the HAR model.'. <https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.08522.pdf>

Kargo, M 2019, Avl. in T Kristensen, JO Lehmann & L Mogensen (eds), Fremtidens helhedsorienterede og balancerede kvægproduktion - visioner og udfordringer for malkekvægsbedriften frem mod år 2040. vol. 146, Tjele, DCA rapport, pp. 52-64.

Balling, O, Bradbury, M, Bruce, J, Cammarere, M, Choi, KK, Dasch, J, Foster, C, Funk, M, Gaul, N, Hodges, H, Jain, A, Jayakumar, P, McCullough, M, Niemann, J, Ramyar, E, Scalia, J, Wasfy, T & Wojtysiak, B 2019, AVT-248 Next-Generation NATO Reference Mobility Model (NG-NRMM) Development. NATO Science and Technology Organisation (STO) .

Deco, G, Cruzat, J, Cabral, J, Tagliazucchi, E, Laufs, H, Logothetis, NK & Kringelbach, ML 2019, 'Awakening: Predicting external stimulation to force transitions between different brain states', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), vol. 116, no. 36, pp. 18088-18097. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1905534116

Muddassir, M, Noor, MA, Ahmed, A, Aldosari, F, Waqas, MA, Zia, MA, Mubushar, M, Zuhaibe, AUH & Jalip, MW 2019, 'Awareness and adoption level of fish farmers regarding recommended fish farming practices in Hafizabad, Pakistan', Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2016.12.004

Bakar, RR, Mmbaga, BT, Nielsen, BB & Manongi, RN 2019, 'Awareness of Danger Signs during Pregnancy and Post-Delivery Period among Women of Reproductive Age in Unguja Island, Zanzibar: A Qualitative Study', African Journal of Reproductive Health, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 27-36. https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2019/v23i1.3

Pezzulla, M & M. Reis, P 2019, 'A Weak Form Implementation of Nonlinear Axisymmetric Shell Equations With Examples', Journal of Applied Mechanics, vol. 86, no. 12, JAM-19-1437. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4044816

Strøm, J , Nielsen, CV , Jørgensen, LB , Andersen, NT & Laursen, M 2019, 'A web-based platform to accommodate symptoms of anxiety and depression by featuring social interaction and animated information in patients undergoing lumbar spine fusion: a randomized clinical trial', The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 827-839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2018.11.011

Chetcuti, J, Kunin, WE & Bullock, JM 2019, 'A weighting method to improve habitat association analysis: tested on British carabids', Ecography, vol. 42, no. 8, pp. 1395-1404. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.04295

Overstreet, K 2019, '"A well-cared for cow produces more milk": The biotechnics of (dis)assembling cow bodies in Wisconsin dairy worlds'.

Waltorp, K & Jensen, S 2019, Awkward entanglements: Kinship, morality and survival in Cape Town's prison-township circuit. in S Turner & S Jensen (eds), Reflections on Life in Ghettos, Camps and Prisons: Stuckness and Confinement. Routledge, London, pp. 41-55.

Gulbrandsen, ML, Jensen, N & Hansen, TM 2019, A Workflow Allowing Multiple-Point Statistics Realizations to Reveal Where We Lack Information. in 25th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. vol. 2019, pp. 1-5, 25th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, The Hague, Netherlands, 08/09/2019.

Straub, S, Forooghi, P, Marocco, L, Wetzel, T & Frohnapfel, B 2019, 'Azimuthally inhomogeneous thermal boundary conditions in turbulent forced convection pipe flow for low to medium Prandtl numbers', International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, vol. 77, pp. 352-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2019.05.003

Jørgensen, LN 2019, 'Azoler i landbruget - Hvor bruges de? Hvad betyder de økonomisk? Hvad kender vi til opståend af miljøresistens i Aspergillus fumigatus?', Plantekongres 2019, Herning, Denmark, 15/01/2019 - 16/01/2019.

Hørlück , A, Øines, Ø, Friis Lund, H, M. Thamsborg, S & Enemark, HL 2019, 'Babesiose hos hund – en ny diagnose i Danmark', Dansk Veterinærtidsskrift, vol. 8, pp. 12-15. <https://dvt.ddd.dk/bladarkiv/2019/nr-08/babesiose-hos-hund-en-ny-diagnose-i-danmark/#:~:text=Denne%20artikel%20beskriver%20det%20f%C3%B8rste%20verificerede%20tilf%C3%A6lde%20af,forhold%20om%20diagnostik%2C%20epidemiologi%2C%20terapi%20og%20profylakse.%20______>

Lopes, P, Koschorreck, K, Nedergaard Pedersen, J , Ferapontov, A , Lörcher, S , Skov Pedersen, J, Urlacher, VB & Ferapontova, EE 2019, 'Bacillus Licheniformis CotA Laccase Mutant: ElectrocatalyticReduction of O ₂ from 0.6 V (SHE) at pH 8 and in Seawater', ChemElectroChem, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 2043-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201900363

Thastum, M , Lomholt, JJ & Johnsen, DB 2019, Back2School og andre målrettede interventioner. in Skolens fraværende børn: årsager og indsatser. Dafolo, Frederikshavn, Undervisning og læring, pp. 27-46.

Grøn, S, Jensen, RK, Jensen, TS & Kongsted, A 2019, 'Back beliefs in patients with low back pain: A primary care cohort study', BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, vol. 20, no. 1, 578. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-019-2925-1

Räike, A, Oblomkova, N, Svendsen, LM, Kaspersson, R, Haapaniemi, J, Eklund, K, Brynska, W, Hytteborn, J, Tornbjerg, H, Kotilainen, P, Ennet, P, Kokorite, I, Sonesten, L, Plunge, S, Koch, D, Andresmaa, E, Frank-Kamenetsky, D, Pecio, A, Sokolov, A & Ejhe, H 2019, Background information on the Baltic Sea catchment area for the Sixth Baltic Sea pollution load compilation (PLC-6). Helsinki Commission - HELCOM. <https://helcom.fi/media/publications/PLC-6-background-report.pdf>

Najarzadeh, Z , Pedersen, JN , Christiansen, G, Shojaosadati, SA, Pedersen, JS & Otzen, DE 2019, 'Bacterial amphiphiles as amyloid inducers: Effect of Rhamnolipid and Lipopolysaccharide on FapC fibrillation', Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Proteins and Proteomics, vol. 1867, no. 11, 140263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.140263

Christensen, LFB , Schafer, N , Wolf-Perez, A , Madsen, DJ & Otzen, DE 2019, Bacterial Amyloids: Biogenesis and Biomaterials. in S Perrett, AK Buell & TPJ Knowles (eds), Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol. 1174, pp. 113-159. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9791-2_4

Schostag, M, Priemé, A, Jacquiod, S, Russel, J, Ekelund, F & Jacobsen, CS 2019, 'Bacterial and protozoan dynamics upon thawing and freezing of an active layer permafrost soil', ISME Journal, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 1345-1359. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-019-0351-x

Nicholes, MJ, Williamson, CJ, Tranter, M, Holland, A, Poniecka, E, Yallop, ML, The Black & Bloom Group & Anesio, A 2019, 'Bacterial dynamics in supraglacial habitats of the Greenland ice sheet', Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 10, no. J, 1366. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01366

Nicholes, M, Williamson, C, Tranter, M, Holland, A, Poniecka, E, Yallop, M & Anesio, A 2019, 'Bacterial dynamics in supra glacial habitats of the Greenland Ice Sheet', Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01366

Justesen, U, Westh, H, Bartels, M, Pinholt, M, Wang, M & Frimodt-Møller, N 2019, Bad bugs - no drugs. in N Nørskov-Lauritsen & HJ Kolmos (eds), Dansk Selskab for Klinisk Mikrobiologi 1969-2019. Syddansk Universitetsforlag, Odense, pp. 76-84. <https://dskm.dk/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Jubilæumsbog.pdf>

Høiris, O 2019, Båden. in O Høiris & PKA Jensen (eds), Evolutionens menneske – menneskets evolution. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Aarhus, pp. 355-364.

Rømer, TA 2019, 'Bæredygtighedens indre konflikt', KVAN, vol. 39, no. 115, pp. 93-107.

Sveegaard, SG 2019, Bæredygtig kemi - den stille revolution?. LinkedIn. <https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/b%25C3%25A6redygtig-kemi-den-stille-revolution-steffen-g-sveegaard/?trackingId=DOUKYjMX6Hh%2FcdHLvRW02Q%3D%3D>

Vestermark, LW, Henneberg Holmboe, C, Muckadell, OBSD, Wilson, BV, Laursen, T, Friberg, A, Oturai, P & Grønbæk, H 2019, Baggrund for Medicinrådets anbefaling af telotristat ethyl som mulig standardbehandling til karcinoid syndrom hos patienter med neuroendokrine tumorer. Medicinrådet, København. <https://medicinraadet.dk/media/8851/baggrund-for-medicinraadets-anbefaling-vedr-telotristat-ethyl-inkl-bilagssamling.pdf>

Benjaminsen, L, Bom, LH, Fynbo, L, Grøntfeldt, ST, Espersen, HH & Ramsbøl, AT 2019, Bag om fællesskabsmålingen: En kvalitativ undersøgelse af social eksklusion og social deltagelse. VIVE - Det Nationale Forsknings- og Analysecenter for Velfærd.

Larsen, EG, Klemmensen, R & Klitgaard, MB 2019, 'Bailout or Bust? Government Evaluations in the Wake of a Bailout', European Political Science Review, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 231-246. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755773919000092

Skydsgaard, MA, Bakterier - et mikroskopisk liv, 2019, Pictures, Video and sound recordings (digital), Aarhus Universitetsforlag.

Larsen, KE , Majgren, BF , Jeppesen, M , Jørgensen, H & Tange Olsen, M, Balaenoptera borealis hemoglobin A (HBA) gene, complete cds. GenBank Access. No. MK622931, 2019, Dataset.

Larsen, KE , Majgren, BF , Jeppesen, M , Jørgensen, H & Tange Olsen, M, Balaenoptera borealis hemoglobin B (HBB) gene, complete cds. GenBank Access. No. MK622932, 2019, Dataset.

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