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Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Musliner, KL, Seifuddin, F, Judy, JA, Pirooznia, M, Goes, FS & Zandi, PP 2015, 'Polygenic risk, stressful life events and depressive symptoms in older adults: a polygenic score analysis', Psychological Medicine, vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 1709-20. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291714002839
Chaudhary, N, Salali, GD, Thompson, J, Dyble, M, Page, A, Smith, D, Mace, R & Migliano, AB 2015, 'Polygyny without wealth: popularity in gift games predicts polygyny in BaYaka Pygmies', Royal Society Open Science, vol. 2, no. 5. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150054
Gregers, J, Gréen, H, Christensen, IJ, Dalhoff, K, Schroeder, H, Carlsen, N, Rosthoej, S, Lausen, B, Schmiegelow, K & Peterson, C 2015, 'Polymorphisms in the ABCB1 gene and effect on outcome and toxicity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia', Pharmacogenomics Journal, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 372-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/tpj.2014.81
Bank, S, Andersen, PS, Burisch, J, Pedersen, N, Roug, S, Galsgaard, J, Ydegaard Turino, S, Broder Brodersen, J, Rashid, S, Kaiser Rasmussen, B, Avlund, S, Bastholm Olesen, T, Hoffmann, HJ, Andersen Nexø, B, Sode, J, Vogel, U & Andersen, V 2015, 'Polymorphisms in the Toll-Like Receptor and the IL-23/IL-17 Pathways Were Associated with Susceptibility to Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Danish Cohort', PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 12, e0145302. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145302
Hansen, KA & Podolskii, VV 2015, 'Polynomial threshold functions and Boolean threshold circuits', Information and Computation, vol. 240, pp. 56-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ic.2014.09.008
Dmitrenko, I, Sergev, K, Rysgaard, S, Barber, DG, Babb, D, Toudal, L, nv, K, Wieter, B, Crabeck, O & Mortensen, J 2015, 'Polynya impacts on water properties in a Northeast Greenland fjord', Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, vol. 153, pp. 10-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2014.11.027
Uysal Ünalan, I, Wan, C, Trabattoni, S, Piergiovanni, L & Farris, S 2015, 'Polysaccharides-assisted rapid exfoliation of graphite platelets into high quality water dispersible graphene sheets', RSC Advances, pp. 26482-26490.
Borggren, M, Nielsen, J, Karlsson, I, Dalgaard, TS, Williams, J & Fomsgaard, A 2015, 'Polyvalent influenza-A DNA vaccine for pigs using needle-free intradermal delivery.', IVW 2015 - Influenza Vaccines for the World, Albufeira, Algarve, Portugal, 06/10/2015 - 09/10/2015.
Diemer, P, Markoew, S, Le, DQS & Qvist, N 2015, 'Poly-ε-caprolactone mesh as a scaffold for in vivo tissue engineering in rabbit esophagus', Diseases of the Esophagus (Online), vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 240-245. https://doi.org/10.1111/dote.12172
Herlin, M, Varvagiannis, K, Gammelgaard, L, Gregersen, PA, Makrythanasis, P, Antonarakis, SE & Petersen, MB 2015, 'Pontine Tegmental Cap Dysplasia: A rare hindbrain malformation and the search of the genetic etiology', Annual meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG), Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 06/10/2015 - 10/10/2015.
Bislev, LS, Mortensen, J, Gustafsson, LN, Gregersen, S & Munk-Jørgensen, P 2015, 'Poor quality of referral from mental to somatic hospitals', Danish Medical Journal, vol. 62, no. 6.
Elsøe, R, Larsen, P, Nielsen, NPH, Swenne, J, Rasmussen, S & Østgaard, SE 2015, 'Population-Based Epidemiology of Tibial Plateau Fractures', Orthopedics, vol. 38, no. 9, pp. e780-e786. https://doi.org/10.3928/01477447-20150902-55, https://doi.org/10.3928/01477447-20150902-55
Göçmen, B, Çiçek, K, Akman, B, Oğuz, A & Yalçinkaya, D 2015, 'Population size estimates of Lissotriton vulgaris (L., 1758) and Triturus ivanbureschi Arntzen & Wielstra 2013 (Caudata: Salamandridae) from Edirne, European part of Turkey', North-Western Journal of Zoology, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 342-346.
Thach, T, Ali, S, Justesen, AF & Hovmøller, MS 2015, Population structure and diversity of Puccinia striiformis in the past. in Abstracts : 14th International Cereal Rusts and Powdery Mildews Conference 2015. pp. 22-22, 14th International Cereal Rusts and Powdery Mildews Conference 2015 , Helsingør, Denmark, 05/07/2015.
Kovi, MR, Fjellheim, S, Sandve, SR, Larsen, A, Rudi, H, Asp, T, Kent, MP & Rognli, OA 2015, 'Population Structure, Genetic Variation, and Linkage Disequilibrium in Perennial Ryegrass Populations Divergently Selected for Freezing Tolerance', Frontiers in Plant Science, vol. 6, 929, pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00929
Bayen, P, Lykke, AM, Ouédraogo, A & Thiombiano, A 2015, 'Population structure in natural sands, seed germination and seedling growth of Sterculia setigera trees under nursery conditions in Burkina Faso (West Africa)', International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 202-210.
Khan, MR, Hovmøller, MS, Swati, ZA, Farhatullah, F, Jan, A, Justesen, AF & Ali, S 2015, 'Population structure of Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici at the southern part of Pakistani Himalayan region', 2015 BGRI Workshop, Sydney, Australia, 17/09/2015 - 20/09/2015.
Rømer, AE, Nørgaard, LS, Mikkelsen, DMG, Chriél, M, Elmeros, M, Madsen, AB, Pertoldi, C & Jensen, TH 2015, 'Population Viability Analysis of feral raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Denmark', Archives of Biological Sciences, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 111-117. https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS140905012R
Teilmann, J, Sveegaard, S, Balle, JD, Kyhn, LA & Carstensen, J 2015, Porpoise monitoring in pinger-net fishery: Status report. Technical Report from DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, no. 57, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy. <http://dce2.au.dk/pub/TR57.pdf>
Teilmann, J, Sveegaard, S, Balle, JD, Kyhn, LA & Carstensen, J 2015, Porpoise monitoring in pinger-net fishery. Final baseline report. Technical Report from DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, vol. 68, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, Danmark. <http://dce2.au.dk/pub/TR68.pdf>
Keiding, TB & Qvortrup, A 2015, 'Portfolio Assessment: Production and Reduction of Complexity', Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 407-419. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2014.918087
Bøss, M 2015, 'Portræt af en jødisk kulturmuslim', Weekendavisen, pp. 5.
Martins, BO 2015, Portugal. in W Weidenfeld & W Wessels (eds), Jahrbuch der Europäischen Integration 2015. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden. <http://www.nomos-shop.de/Weidenfeld-Wessels-Jahrbuch-Europ%C3%A4ischen-Integration-2015/productview.aspx?product=26118>
Bloch, CW & Sørensen, MP 2015, 'Positive og negative effekter af store forskningsbevillinger', Forskningspolitikk, vol. 2015, no. 2, pp. 22-23.
Nickelsen, NCM 2015, 'Positivitet og negativitet i psykologien', Psykologisk Set, vol. 35, no. 99/100, pp. 37-44.
Andersen, SL, Cassidy, DB, Chevallier, J, Cooper, BS, Deller, A, Wall, TE & Uggerhøj, UI 2015, 'Positronium emission and cooling in reflection and transmission from thin meso-structured silica films', Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, vol. 48, no. 20, 204003. https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/48/20/204003