Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Wenzel, A 2015, 'Motion artifacts and CBCT – what can we do about them?', Moderne Radiologische Techniken in der Praxis - adäquat eingesetzt. , Montreux, Switzerland, 26/05/2015 - 28/05/2015.

Ågård, D 2015, Motivation. Frydenlund Academic, København.

Fischer, R & Boer, D 2015, 'Motivational Basis of Personality Traits: A Meta-Analysis of Value-Personality Correlations', Journal of Personality, vol. 83, no. 5, pp. 491-510. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12125

Krystallis Krontalis, A 2015, 'Motivation and Cognitive Structures of Store vs. Manufacturer Brand Consumers', Journal of Consumer Behaviour, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 270-284. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.1518

Christensen, KS & Bukh, PN 2015, Motivation, intrinsic and extrinsic. in SM Dahlgaard-Park & JJ Dahlgaard (eds), The SAGE Encyclopedia of Quality and the Service Economy. SAGE Publications, pp. 426-432.

Hoefkens , C, Hung , Y, Hieke, S, Grunert, KG & Verbeke, W 2015, 'Motivation outweighs ability in explaining European consumers' use of health claims', 12th European Nutrition Conference, Berlin, Germany, 20/10/2015 - 23/10/2015.

Høyer, BB , Ramlau-Hansen, CH , Pedersen, HS, Góralczyk, K, Chumak, L, Jönsson, BA, Bonde, JP & Toft, G 2015, 'Motor development following in utero exposure to organochlorines: a follow-up study of children aged 5-9 years in Greenland, Ukraine and Poland', B M C Public Health, vol. 15, pp. 1465. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1465-3

Fox, AD & Kahlert, JA 2015, 'Moulting Greylag Geese Anser anser on Saltholm, Denmark do not cease feeding midday in response to diurnal oscillation in food quality', Wildfowl, vol. 65, pp. 19-30.

Spin-Neto, R , Matzen, LH , Schropp, L , Gotfredsen, E & Wenzel, A 2015, 'Movement characteristics in young patients and the impact on CBCT image quality', 20th International Congress of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Radiology, Santiago, Chile, 26/08/2015 - 29/08/2015.

Mørck, LL 2015, 'Mo(ve)ment methodology – Researching conflictual meanings, double-binds and change in extreme life situations', ISTP symposium .

Frederiksen, M & Bregnballe, T 2015, 'Movements, distribution and ecology of cormorants outside the breeding season: Gaps in current knowledge', Wetlands International Cormorant Research Group Bulletin, vol. 8, pp. 26-28.

Exeter, DJ, Sabel, CE, Hanham, G, Lee, AC & Wells, S 2015, 'Movers and stayers: the geography of residential mobility and CVD hospitalisations in Auckland, New Zealand', Social science & medicine (1982), vol. 133, pp. 331-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.11.056

Iqbal, J, Haq, AU & Wali, S 2015, Moving Target Detection and Tracking. Lambert Academic Publishing.

Öbrink-Hansen, K , Hardlei, TF , Brock, B , Jensen-Fangel, S , Kragh Thomsen, M , Petersen, E & Kreilgaard, M 2015, 'Moxifloxacin pharmacokinetic profile and efficacy evaluation in empiric treatment of community-acquired pneumonia', Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 2398-404. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.04659-14

Grøn, CH, Nedergaard, P & Wivel, A 2015, Mr. Svensson goes to Brussels: Concluding on the Nordic countries and the European Union. in The Nordic Countries and the European Union: Still the Other European Community?. Taylor and Francis Inc., pp. 243-257. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315726335

Putnik, M, Wojdacz, TK, Pournara, A, Vahter, M & Wallberg, AE 2015, 'MS-HRM assay identifies high levels of epigenetic heterogeneity in human immortalized cell lines', Gene. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2015.01.063

Lebwohl, B, Emilsson, L, Fröbert, O, Einstein, AJ, Green, PHR & Ludvigsson, JF 2015, 'Mucosal healing and the risk of ischemic heart disease or atrial fibrillation in patients with celiac disease; a population-based study', PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 1, e0117529. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117529

Ismail, AM 2015, 'Muḥajababes - meet the new fashionable, attractive and extrovert Muslim woman. A study of the ḥijābpractice among individualized young Muslim women in Denmark', Tidsskrift for Islamforskning, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 106.

Damgaard, CF & Strandberg, MT 2015, 'Mulig anvendelse af citizen science data til at bestemme ændringer i sandsynlighed for forekomst', 9 p., Notat fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi (2011-2019).

Gislum, R , Nyholm Jørgensen, R & Mortensen, AK 2015, 'Mulige gevinster ved gradueret gødskning på basis af droneoptagelser', Plantekongres 2015, Herning, Denmark, 14/01/2015 - 15/01/2015.

Sørensen, AC 2015, 'Mulige strategier for og udfordringer ved udnyttelse af alternativt avlsmål for frilands- og økologisk produktion af svin', no. 1457554, 5 p., Jun 04, 2015..

Andersen, HE , Kjeldgaard, A & Søndergaard, M 2015, 'Muligheder for at identificere søers fosforfølsomhed og fastlæggelse af oplande til søer', Aug 13, 2014..

Nyholm Jørgensen, R & Nørremark, M 2015, 'Muligheder og perspektiver i anvendelse af robotter i roer, gulerødder og kartofler', Plantekongres 2015, Herning, Denmark, 14/01/2015 - 15/01/2015.

van den Berg, I, Boichard, D & Lund, MS 2015, Multi-breed GWAS and meta-analysis using sequences of five dairy cattle breeds improve QTL mapping. in Book of Abstract of the 66th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science. vol. 21, Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, EAAP Book of Abstracts, pp. 347-347, 66th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science, Warsaw, Poland, 31/08/2015. <http://www.wageningenacademic.com/doi/book/10.3920/978-90-8686-816-2>

Bahner , K, Larsen, JJ & Auken, E 2015, 'Multichannel magnetic resonance sounding with wirelessly operated coils – A design study', The 6th International Workshop on Magnetic Resonance, Aarhus , Denmark, 08/06/2015 - 10/06/2015. <http://hgg.au.dk/fileadmin/www.dna18.au.dk/MRS2015_program.pdf>

Müller, E, Assent, I, Günnemann, S, Seidl, T & Dy, J 2015, 'MultiClust special issue on discovering, summarizing and using multiple clusterings', Machine Learning, vol. 98, no. 1-2, pp. 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-014-5445-0

Parajuli, R , Knudsen, MT & Dalgaard, T 2015, 'Multi-criteria assessment of yellow, green, and woody biomasses: pre-screening of potential biomasses as feedstocks for biorefineries', Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 545-566. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1567

Kamper, SJ, Apeldoorn, AT, Chiarotto, A, Smeets, RJEM, Ostelo, RWJG, Guzman, J & van Tulder, MW 2015, 'Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for chronic low back pain', BMJ, vol. 350, pp. h444.

Dayie, NTKD, Arhin, RE, Newman, MJ, Dalsgaard, A, Bisgaard, M, Frimodt-Møller, N & Slotved, HC 2015, 'Multidrug-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from healthy Ghanaian preschool children', Microbial Drug Resistance, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 636-642. https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2014.0314

Andersen, CK & Mølmer, K 2015, 'Multifrequency modes in superconducting resonators: Bridging frequency gaps in off-resonant couplings', Physical Review A, vol. 91, 023828. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.91.023828

Sun, M 2015, 'Multifunctional Scaffold for Tumor Treatment and Bone Tissue Engineering', Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Aarhus.

Askou, AL , Aagaard, L, Kostic, C, Arsenijevic, Y, Hollensen, AK , Bek, T , Jensen, TG , Mikkelsen, JG & Corydon, TJ 2015, 'Multigenic lentiviral vectors for combined and tissue-specific expression of miRNA- and protein-based antiangiogenic factors', Molecular Therapy Methods and Clinical Development, vol. 2, pp. 14064. https://doi.org/10.1038/mtm.2014.64

Colvill, E, Booth, JT, O'Brien, RT, Eade, TN, Kneebone, AB, Poulsen, PR & Keall, PJ 2015, 'Multileaf Collimator Tracking Improves Dose Delivery for Prostate Cancer Radiation Therapy: Results of the First Clinical Trial', International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, vol. 92, no. 5, pp. 1141-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.04.024

Winkler, AM, Webster, MA, Vidaurre, D, Nichols, TE & Smith, SM 2015, 'Multi-level block permutation', NeuroImage, vol. 123, pp. 253-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.092

Arnoldi, J, Chen, X, Villadsen, AR & Na, C 2015, Multi-level State Capitalism: Chinese business groups, vertical interlocks, and agency costs. in Academy of Management Proceedings 2015. The 75th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Vancouver, Canada, 07/08/2015. <http://proceedings.aom.org/content/2015/1/18248.abstract?sid=b21a9420-5cc3-4668-8ad7-37458961d378>

Dalstra, M , Cattaneo, P , Laursen, MG, Beckmann, F & Melsen, B 2015, 'Multi-level synchrotron radiation-based microtomography of the dental alveolus and its consequences for orthodontics', Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 801-806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.12.014

Laursen, HP 2015, 'Multilingual and social semiotic perspectives on literacy learning and teaching', Paper presented at Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Lingistics, Washington, United States, 13/03/2015 - 15/03/2015. <http://units.georgetown.edu/linguistics/gurt/2015/program.html>

Christensen, MV, Daugaard, LM & Cox, R 2015, 'Multilingual classrooms, language and literacy learners: Global childhoods'.

Slotved, HC, Dalby, T & Hoffmann, S 2015, 'Multilocus sequence types of invasive pneumococcal isolates from Danish infants (0-90 days) 2003-2013 Medical Genetics', BMC Research Notes, vol. 8, no. 1, 563. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-015-1540-y

Iversen, S 2015, 'Multimodal analyse i danskfaget', Dansk: medlemsblad for Dansklærerforeningens folkeskolesektion, vol. 2015, no. 2, pp. 6-9.

Maier, CD , Kampf, CE & Kastberg, P 2015, Multimodal Analysis: An Integrative Approach for Scientific Visualizing on the Web. in S Norris (ed.), Multimodality. Routledge, Critical Concepts in Linguistics.

Asmuß, B 2015, Multimodal Perspectives on Meeting Interaction: Recent Trends in Conversation Analysis. in JA Allen, N Lehmann-Willenbrock & SG Rogelberg (eds), The Cambridge Handbook of Meeting Science. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 277-304.

Martre, P, Wallach, D, Asseng, S, Ewert, F, Jones, JW, Rötter, RP, Boote, KJ, Ruane, AC, Thorburn, PJ, Cammarano, D, Hatfield, JL, Rosenzweig, C, Aggarwal, PK, Angulo, C, Basso, B, Bertuzzi, P, Biernath, C, Brisson, N, Challinor, AJ, Doltra, J, Gayler, S, Goldberg, R, Grant, RF, Heng, L, Hooker, J, Hunt, LA, Ingwersen, J, Izaurralde, RC, Kersebaum, KC, Müller, C, Kumar, SN, Nendel, C, O'Leary, G, Olesen, JE, Osborne, TM, Palosuo, T, Priesack, E, Ripoche, D, Semenov, MA, Shcherbak, I, Steduto, P, Stöckle, CO, Stratonovitch, P, Streck, T, Supit, I, Tao, F, Travasso, M, Waha, K, White, JW & Wolf, J 2015, 'Multimodel ensembles of wheat growth: many models are better than one', Global Change Biology, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 911-925. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12768

Aabo, T, Pantzalis, C & Park, JC 2015, 'Multinationality and Opaqueness', Journal of Corporate Finance, vol. 30, pp. 65-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2014.12.002

Heazlewood, JL, Schrimpf, SP, Becher, D, Riedel, K, Tholey, A & Bendixen, E 2015, 'Multi-Organism Proteomes (iMOP): Advancing our Understanding of Human Biology', Proteomics, vol. 15, no. 17, pp. 2885-2894. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmic.201570153

Chrismas, NAM, Anesio, AMB & Sanchez-Baracaldo, P 2015, 'Multiple adaptations to polar and alpine environments within cyanobacteria: a phylogenomic and Bayesian approach', Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01070

Laursen, PF 2015, Multiple bridges between theory and practice. in J-C Smeby & M Sutphen (eds), From vocational to professional education: educating for social welfare. Routledge, London , pp. 89-104.

O'Neill, L , Simonsen, EO , Knudsen, UB , Stentoft, J, Bonde Jensen, A & Mørcke, AM 2015, 'Multiple choice exams of medical knowledge with open books and web access? A validity study.'. <https://www.amee.org/getattachment/Conferences/AMEE-Past-Conferences/AMEE-2015/Final-Abstract-Book-updated-post-conference.pdf>

O´Neil, L, Simonsen, E, Knudsen, UB , Stentoft, J , Jensen, AB , Carlsen, CG & Mørcke, AM 2015, 'Multiple choice exams of medical knowledge with open books and web access? The preliminary results.', Aarhus Universitets pædagogiske network konference, Aarhus, Denmark, 01/04/2015.

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