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Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Jensen, AB, Nørregaard, M-LM, Staun Larsen, L & Andreasen, K 2025, 'Behandling af caries i det primære tandsæt', Tandlægebladet, vol. 129, no. 8, pp. 602-604.
Svendsen, MB, Astvad, KMT, Hald, M, Andersen, SML, Henning, MAS, Andersen, PL, Blomberg, M & Saunte, DML 2025, 'Behandlingsresistent dermatofytose', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 187, no. 14, V09240659, pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.61409/V09240659
Klos, B, Reinhardt, D, Meyer, A, Albertsen, N, Thoolen, S, Hagson, H, Possnig, C, Enck, P & Mack, I 2025, 'Behavioral adaptation in diet maintains nutrient composition in an isolated, confined, and extreme environment in Antarctica', Frontiers in Nutrition, vol. 10, 1688825. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1688825
Rahdar, M, Salimi, M, Eskandari, K, Nazari, M, Davoudi, S, Raoufy, MR, Mirnajafi-Zadeh, J, Hosseinmardi, N, Behzadi, G & Janahmadi, M 2025, 'Behavioral assessments and differential excitability, oscillatory dynamics in dorsal and ventral hippocampal CA1 neurons in male rats of a prenatal VPA-exposed autism model', Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, vol. 142, 111507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111507
Darias-O'Hara, AK, Booth, CG, Erbe, C, Isojunno, S, Janik, VM, Lucke, K, Southall, B, Tougaard, J, von Benda-Beckmann, AM & Verfuss, UK 2025, 'Behavioural response thresholds for the assessment of noise impact on Antarctic marine mammal species', Marine Policy, vol. 179, 106738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106738
Kunz, WH, Duque, LC, Santamaria, L, Søndergaard, HA & Kristensson, P 2025, 'Being innovative as a company in an aging society', Journal of Service Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOSM-06-2025-0278
Ruders, JL, Peschel, AO & Steinmann, S 2025, Being Subtle: How Implicit Packaging Cues Affect Consumers’ Sustainability and Quality Perceptions. in H Jafari, X Brusset, M Frasquet, C Teller & H Kotzab (eds), Proceedings of the Colloquium on European Research in Retailing (CERR) 2025: Book of abstracts. Jönköping universitet, Jönköping, pp. 56-61.
Nielsen, KH 2025, 'Beklager, ikke forstået', Weekendavisen, vol. Sektion 4 (Ideer), pp. 5.
Merkle, C & Ungeheuer, M 2025, 'Beliefs about beta: upside participation and downside protection', Review of Finance, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 1397-1436. https://doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfaf028
Atzbach, R & Sørensen, CF 2025, Beliggenhed: en viewshed- og landskabsanalyse. in C Sørensen & V Etting (eds), Danehoffets borge og byer. Syddansk Universitetsforlag, Odense, pp. 89-105.
Srinivasan, R, Iliopoulos, O, Beckermann, KE, Narayan, V, Maughan, BL, Oudard, S, Else, T, Maranchie, JK, Iversen, AB, Cornell, J, Perini, RF, Liu, Y, Linehan, WM & Jonasch, E 2025, 'Belzutifan for von Hippel-Lindau disease-associated renal cell carcinoma and other neoplasms (LITESPARK-004): 50 months follow-up from a single-arm, phase 2 study', The Lancet Oncology, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 571-582. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(25)00099-3
Juul, KOR, Støckler, KAH & Iversen, BB 2025, 'Benchmarking 3D-ΔPDF analysis using in-house X-ray sources', Acta Crystallographica Section A: Foundations of Crystallography, vol. 81, no. Pt 4, pp. 254-268. https://doi.org/10.1107/S2053273325003389
Asif, MR 2025, 'Benchmarking Deep Learning for Wetland Mapping in Denmark Using Remote Sensing Data', IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, vol. 18, pp. 11953-11962. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2025.3563951
Gasso, V, Barber, A, Moller, H, Bayonne, E, Oudshoorn, FW & Sørensen, CG 2025, 'Benchmarking for locally tuned sustainability: The case of energy and water use in New Zealand vineyards', Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, vol. 25, 100536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2024.100536
Rodríguez, I, Rodon, T, Unan, A, Herbig, L, Klüver, H & Kuhn, T 2025, 'Benchmarking pandemic response: How the UK's COVID-19 vaccine rollout impacted diffuse and specific support for the EU', British Journal of Political Science, vol. 55, e35. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123424000802
Lebiecka-Johansen, P, Strom, J, Mikkelsen, KB, Cabrera, AF, Madsen, RE, Christensen, JAE, Hemmsen, MC & Kidmose, P 2025, 'Benefits of Different Strategies to Adapt Sleep Scoring Models from Scalp- to Ear-EEG', Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), vol. 2025, pp. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC58623.2025.11252780
Bie Thøstesen, C, Kristensen, NM, Myhre, CM (ed.), Galatius, A (ed.), Teilmann, J (ed.), Alstrup, AKO (ed.), Jensen, TK (ed.), Ovesen, MT (ed.), Quaade, ML (ed.), Hammer, AS (ed.), Johansson, DK (ed.) & Kinze, CC (ed.) 2025, Beredskabet vedrørende havpattedyr: strandede havpattedyr i Danmark 2024. <https://fimus.dk/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Beredskabsrapport-2024-final.pdf>
Whitta-Jacobsen, HJ, Søndergaard, J, Svarer, M, Mogensen, P & Beck, U 2025, Beredt og på egne ben: Danmark og Europa ruster op. Kraka.
Wiberg Pedersen, EM 2025, Bernard of Clairvaux’s Metaphorical Theology and Its Implications of Reform: the cases of Mechtild of Hackeborn and Martin Luther. in M Delgado & V Leppin (eds), Kirchenlehrer und Kirchenlehrerinnen: Entstehung, Wandel, Bedeutung. Schwabe Verlag, Basel, Studien zur christlichen Religions- und Kulturgeschichte, vol. 34.
Kuhlmann, A 2025, Besekow, Sam. in MM Delgado & S Williams (eds), The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Stage Directors. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108115995
Laursen, AN 2025, Beskatning af ægtefæller og ugifte samlevende. in J Bolander, L Madsen, AN Laursen & I Langhave (eds), Lærebog om indkomstskat. 21 edn, Djøf Forlag, pp. 793-823.
Laursen, AN 2025, Beskatning af forældre og børn. in J Bolander, L Madsen, AN Laursen & I Langhave (eds), Lærebog om indkomstskat. 21 edn, Djøf Forlag, pp. 825-834.
Langhave, I 2025, Beskatning ved død. in Lærebog om indkomstskat. 21 edn, Djøf Forlag, pp. 1281-1337.
Terkelsen, O 2025, 'Beskyttelse af undersøiske kabler og rørledninger', Juristen, vol. 107, no. 4, pp. 218-240.
Sunde, P, Træholt, AR & Jacobsen, LB 2025, 'Bestandsudvikling, ynglesucces og fødesøgningsadfærd hos kirkeugler 2021-2024 i forhold til bestandsgenoprettende tiltag', 26 p., Fagligt notat fra DCE – Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi (2020-...), no. 20, vol. 2025. <https://dce.au.dk/fileadmin/dce.au.dk/Udgivelser/Notater_2025/N2025_20.pdf>
Mair, J, Mills, NL & on behalf of the Study Group on Biomarkers of the European Society of Cardiology Association for Acute Cardiovascular Care 2025, 'Best of cardiovascular biomarkers', European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 678-681. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjacc/zuaf120
Foeldvari, I, Angeles-Han, ST, Brost, AG, de Boer, JH, Díaz-Cascajosa, J, Glerup, M, Ingels, H, Ayuso, VK-K, Maccora, I, Nordal, E, Simonini, G, Solebo, AL, Swart, JF, van Meerwijk, CLLI & Anton, J 2025, 'Best outcome measures to use in a 12-month clinical trial in Juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated anterior uveitis', Pediatric rheumatology online journal, vol. 23(2), no. P269.
Rozemeijer, J, Jordan, P, Hooijboer, A, Kronvang, B, Glendell, M, Hensley, R, Rinke, K, Stutter, M, Bieroza, M, Turner, R, Mellander, PE, Thorburn, P, Cassidy, R, Appels, J, Ouwerkerk, K & Rode, M 2025, 'Best practice in high-frequency water quality monitoring for improved management and assessment; a novel decision workflow', Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 197, no. 4, 353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-025-13795-z
Khan, AA, Ali, DS, Bilezikian, JP, Björnsdottir, S, Collins, MT, Cusano, NE, Ebeling, PR, Fuleihan, GEH, Fukumoto, S, Giustina, A, Kaiser, SM, Koch, CA, Khan, T, Keating, P, Liu, JM, Mantzoros, CS, Mannstadt, M, Mithal, A, Perrier, ND, Rayes, M, Rizzoli, R, Rhee, Y, Rubin, MR, Roszko, KL, Shrayyef, M, Shoback, DM, Sikjær, T, Siggelkow, H, Sfeir, J, Thakker, R, Van Uum, S, Winer, KK, Yavuz, DG, Yildiz, BO, AbuAlrob, H & Brandi, ML 2025, 'Best practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of hypoparathyroidism', Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, vol. 171, 156335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2025.156335