Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Oxfeldt, M , Overgaard, K , Hvid, LG & Dalgas, U 2019, 'Effects of plyometric training on jumping, sprint performance, and lower body muscle strength in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analyses', Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, vol. 29, no. 10, pp. 1453-1465. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13487

Nagy, D , Khodadad Motarjemi, S, Rosenbom, AE, Iversen, BV & Plauborg, F 2019, 'Effects of poorly and well drained conditions on the fate of nitrogen in an agricultural tile drained calcareous clay field.', 2018 - 2019 SSSA International Soils Meeting , San Diego, United States, 06/01/2019 - 09/01/2019.

Lodahl, MR & Sørensen, KK 2019, Effects of pore water chemistry on the unloading-reloading behaviour of reconstituted clays. in 17th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, ECSMGE 2019 - Proceedings. International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 17th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ECSMGE) , Reykjavik, Iceland, 01/09/2019. https://doi.org/10.32075/17ECSMGE-2019-0143

Landersø, RK, Nielsen, HS & Simonsen, M 2019, Effects of School Starting Age on the Family. Rockwool Foundation Research Unit. <https://www.rockwoolfonden.dk/app/uploads/2019/01/Study-Paper-137-Effects-of-school-starting-age-on-the-family.pdf>

Chemtob, RA, Hjortdal, V, Ahlsson, A, Gunn, J, Mennander, A, Zindovic, I, Olsson, C, Pivodic, A, Hansson, EC, Jeppsson, A, Geirsson, A & Gudbjartsson, T 2019, 'Effects of Sex on Early Outcome following Repair of Acute Type A Aortic Dissection: Results from The Nordic Consortium for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection (NORCAAD)', Aorta (Stamford, Conn.), vol. 07, no. 01, 180046, pp. 7-14. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1687900

Ramshanker, N , Jessen, N , Voss, TS , Pedersen, SB , Jørgensen, JOL, Nielsen, TS, Frystyk, J & Møller, N 2019, 'Effects of short-term prednisolone treatment on indices of lipolysis and lipase signaling in abdominal adipose tissue in healthy humans', Metabolism, vol. 99, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2019.06.013

Samarasinghe, MB , Larsen, M , Johansen, M, Waldemar, P & Weisbjerg, MR 2019, 'Effects of shredding on silage density and fermentation quality', Grass and Forage Science, vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 244-253. https://doi.org/10.1111/gfs.12424

Olivieri, M, Murgia, N, Carsin, AE, Heinrich, J, Benke, G, Bono, R, Corsico, AG, Demoly, P, Forsberg, B, Gislason, T, Janson, C, Jõgi, R, Leynaert, B, Martínez-Moratalla Rovira, J, Norbäck, D, Nowak, D, Pascual, S, Pin, I, Probst-Hensch, N, Raherison, C, Sigsgaard, T, Svanes, C, Torén, K, Urrutia, I, Weyler, J, Jarvis, D, Zock, JP & Verlato, G 2019, 'Effects of smoking bans on passive smoking exposure at work and at home. The European Community respiratory health survey', Indoor Air, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 670-679. https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12556

Margolis, M, Austin, J, Wu, L, Valdimarsdottir, H, Stanton, AL, Rowley, SD, Munshi, PM & Rini, C 2019, 'Effects of Social Support Source and Effectiveness on Stress Buffering After Stem Cell Transplant', International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 391-400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-019-09787-2

Yang, J, Cang, L, Sun, Q, Dong, G, Ata-Ul-Karim, ST & Zhou, D 2019, 'Effects of soil environmental factors and UV aging on Cu²⁺ adsorption on microplastics', Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 26, no. 22, pp. 23027-23036. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05643-8

Boutin, C, Montroy, K, Mathiassen, SK, Carpenter, DJ, Strandberg, B & Damgaard, C 2019, 'Effects of Sublethal Doses of Herbicides on the Competitive Interactions Between 2 Nontarget Plants, Centaurea cyanus L. and Silene noctiflora L.', Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 2053–2064. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4506

Hansen, S, Aaboe, J, Mechlenburg, I , Overgaard, S & Mikkelsen, LR 2019, 'Effects of supervised exercise compared to non-supervised exercise early after total hip replacement on patient-reported function, pain, health-related quality of life and performance-based function - a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials', Clinical Rehabilitation, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 13-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215518791213

Godiksen, JA, Chung, MT, Folkvord, A & Grønkjær, P 2019, 'Effects of temperature on tissue-diet isotopic spacing of nitrogen and carbon in otolith organic matter', Marine and Freshwater Research, vol. 72, pp. 1757-1767. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF19054

Fox, AD, Walsh, A & Weegman, M 2019, 'Effects of the Wexford Opera Festival firework display on roosting Greenland White-fronted Geese Anser albifrons flavirostris', Irish Birds, no. 11, pp. 96-99.

Leeb, C, Rudolph, G, Bochicchio, D, Edwards, S, Früh, B, Holinger, M, Holmes , D, Illmann, G, Knop, D, Prunier, A, Rousing, T, Winckler , C & Dippel, S 2019, 'Effects of three husbandry systems on health, welfare and productivity of organic pigs', Animal, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 2025-2033. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731119000041

Bordeleau, M, Carrondo Cottin, S, Meier, K & Prud'Homme, M 2019, 'Effects of Tonic Spinal Cord Stimulation on Sensory Perception in Chronic Pain Patients: A Systematic Review', Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 149-162. https://doi.org/10.1111/ner.12893

Scharfenberger, U, Jeppesen, E, Beklioğlu, M, Søndergaard, M, Angeler, DG, Cakiroglu, AI, Drakare, S, Hejzlar, J, Mahdy, A, Papastergiadou, E, Sorf, M, Stefanidis, K, Tuvikene, A, Zingel, P & Adrian, R 2019, 'Effects of trophic status, water level, and temperature on shallow lake metabolism and metabolic balance: A standardized pan-European mesocosm experiment', Limnology and Oceanography, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 616-631. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11064

Ge, L, Cang, L, Ata-Ul-Karim, ST, Yang, J & Zhou, D 2019, 'Effects of various warming patterns on Cd transfer in soil-rice systems under Free Air Temperature Increase (FATI) conditions', Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 168, pp. 80-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.047

Pokhoday, MY, Shtyrov, YY & Myachykov, A 2019, 'Effects of visual priming and event orientation on word order choice in Russian sentence production', Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 10, 1661, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01661

Tairova, Z, Frantzen, M, Mosbech, A, Arukwe, A & Gustavson, K 2019, 'Effects of water accommodated fraction of physically and chemically dispersed heavy fuel oil on beach spawning capelin (Mallotus villosus)', Marine Environmental Research, vol. 147, pp. 62-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.03.010

Wiese, C, Keil, D, Rasmussen, AS & Olesen, R 2019, 'Effects of yoga asana practice approach on types of benefits experienced', International Journal of Yoga, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 218-225. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoy.IJOY_81_18

Perez, EP, Matchkov, V , Comerma-Steffensen, S, de Los Arcos, LR & Simonsen, U 2019, 'Effects on vascular tone and blood pressure by modulation of transglutaminase 2 conformation in rats', British Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 176, no. 16, pp. 3072-3073.

Jensen, M , Kongsted, AG , Krogh, PH , Pedersen, HL , Bertelsen, MG & Jørgensen, U 2019, 'Effekt af skovlandbrug på miljø, klima og biodiversitet – del 1', No. 2019-760-001216, 5 p., Feb 28, 2019..

Petersen, C, Munkholm, LJ & Pulido Moncada, MA 2019, Effekter på jord og afgrøde i Taastrup. in Oversigt over Landsforsøgene 2019. pp. 238-241.

Sterup, J 2019, 'Effekter på ynglefugle af udvidet færdselsadgang på Tipperne', 19 p., Notat fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi (2011-2019). <https://dce.au.dk/fileadmin/dce.au.dk/Udgivelser/Notater_2019/Effekter_ynglefugle_udvidet_adgang_Tipperne.pdf>

Ahrenkiel, A , Holm, L & Vilholm, FL 2019, 'Effektfuld pædagogisk praksis: "Fremtidens dagtilbud" som case', Dansk Pædagogisk Tidsskrift, no. 1, pp. 16-25.

Hendricks, O, Andersen, TE, Christiansen, AA, Primdahl, J, Hauge, EM , Ellingsen, T, Horsted, TI, Bachmann, AG, Loft, AG , Bojesen, AB, Østergaard, M, Lund Hetland, M, Krogh, NS, Roessler, KK & Petersen, KH 2019, 'Efficacy and safety of cannabidiol followed by an open label add-on of tetrahydrocannabinol for the treatment of chronic pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis: Protocol for a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled study', BMJ Open, vol. 9, no. 6, e028197. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028197

Thaçi, D, L. Simpson, E, Deleuran, M, Kataoka, Y, Chen, Z, Gadkari, A, Eckert, L, Akinlade, B, Graham, NMH, Pirozzi, G & Ardeleanu, M 2019, 'Efficacy and safety of dupilumab monotherapy in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a pooled analysis of two phase 3 randomized trials (LIBERTY AD SOLO 1 and LIBERTY AD SOLO 2)', Journal of Dermatological Science, vol. 94, no. 2, pp. 266-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.02.002

Mosenzon, O, Blicher, TM, Rosenlund, S, Eriksson, JW, Heller, S, Hels, OH, Pratley, R, Sathyapalan, T, Desouza, C & PIONEER 5 Investigators 2019, 'Efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate renal impairment (PIONEER 5): a placebo-controlled, randomised, phase 3a trial', The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 515-527. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30192-5

Brems-Eskildsen, AS, Kristoffersen, KB, Linnet, S, Lörincz, T & Langkjer, ST 2019, 'Efficacy and toxicity of eribulin treatment in metastatic breast cancer patients', Acta Oncologica, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 119-121. https://doi.org/10.1080/0284186X.2018.1497301

Rondaan, C, Furer, V, Heijstek, MW, Agmon-Levin, N, Bijl, M, Breedveld, FC, D'Amelio, R, Dougados, M, Kapetanovic, MC, Van Laar, JM, De Thurah, AL, Landewé, R, Molto, A, Müller-Ladner, U, Schreiber, K, Smolar, L, Walker, J, Warnatz, K, Wulffraat, NM, Van Assen, S & Elkayam, O 2019, 'Efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of vaccination in adult patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases: A systematic literature review for the 2019 update of EULAR recommendations', RMD Open, vol. 5, no. 2, e001035. https://doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2019-001035

Köhler-Forsberg, O, N. Lydholm, C, Hjorthøj, C, Nordentoft, M, Mors, O & Benros, ME 2019, 'Efficacy of anti-inflammatory treatment on major depressive disorder or depressive symptoms: meta-analysis of clinical trials', Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, vol. 139, no. 5, pp. 404-419. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13016

Shokouh, P , Jeppesen, PB , Christiansen, CB , Mellbye, FB , Hermansen, K & Gregersen, S 2019, 'Efficacy of Arabica Versus Robusta Coffee in Improving Weight, Insulin Resistance, and Liver Steatosis in a Rat Model of Type-2 Diabetes', Nutrients, vol. 11, no. 9, 2074. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092074

Dige, A , Hougaard, HT , Agnholt, J , Pedersen, BG, Tencerova, M, Kassem, M, Krogh, K & Lundby, L 2019, 'Efficacy of Injection of Freshly Collected Autologous Adipose Tissue Into Perianal Fistulas in Patients With Crohn's Disease', Gastroenterology, vol. 156, no. 8, pp. 2208-2216.e1. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2019.02.005

Hansen, CS, Jørgensen, ME, Fleischer, J , Bøtker, HE & Rossing, P 2019, 'Efficacy of Long-Term Remote Ischemic Conditioning on Vascular and Neuronal Function in Type 2 Diabetes Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease', Journal of the American Heart Association, vol. 8, no. 13, e011779. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.118.011779

Reimer, LCU , Jakobsen, SS , Mortensen, L , Dalgas, U , Jacobsen, JS , Soballe, K, Bere, T, Madsen, JE, Nordsletten, L, Risberg, MA & Mechlenburg, I 2019, 'Efficacy of periacetabular osteotomy followed by progressive resistance training compared to progressive resistance training as non-surgical treatment in patients with hip dysplasia (PreserveHip) - a protocol for a randomised controlled trial', BMJ Open, vol. 9, no. 12, e032782. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032782

Bagley, AF, Grosshans, DR, Philip, NV, Foster, J, McAleer, MF, McGovern, SL, Lassen-Ramshad, Y, Mahajan, A & Paulino, AC 2019, 'Efficacy of proton therapy in children with high-risk and locally recurrent neuroblastoma', Pediatric Blood and Cancer, vol. 66, no. 8, e27786. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.27786

Sune, M & Imparato, A 2019, 'Efficiency fluctuations in steady-state machines', Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical, vol. 52, no. 4, 045003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/aaf2f8

Wang, Y, Han, W, Wang, C, Zhou, Y, Shi, R, Bonefeld-Jørgensen, EC, Yao, Q, Yuan, T, Gao, Y, Zhang, J & Tian, Y 2019, 'Efficiency of maternal-fetal transfer of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances', Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 2691-2698. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3686-3

Cock, MD, Dowsley, R, Horst, C, Katti, R, Nascimento, A, Poon, WS & Truex, S 2019, 'Efficient and Private Scoring of Decision Trees, Support Vector Machines and Logistic Regression Models based on Pre-Computation', IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, vol. 16, no. 2, 7873244, pp. 217-230. https://doi.org/10.1109/TDSC.2017.2679189

Klinting, EL 2019, 'Efficient Construction of the Hamilton Operator for Nuclear Motion'.

Juul-Madsen, K, Zhao, H, Vorup-Jensen, T & Schuck, P 2019, 'Efficient data acquisition with three-channel centerpieces in sedimentation velocity', Analytical Biochemistry, vol. 586, 113414, pp. 113414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2019.113414

Nazari, P, Tootoonchian, P & Rahman Setayesh, S 2019, 'Efficient degradation of AO7 by ceria-delafossite nanocomposite with non-inert support as a synergistic catalyst in electro-fenton process.', Environmental Pollution, vol. 252, no. Part A, pp. 749-757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.011

Nazari, P & Rahman Setayesh, S 2019, 'Efficient Fe/CuFeO2/rGO nanocomposite catalyst for electro‐Fenton degradation of organic pollutant: Preparation, characterization and optimization', Applied Organometallic Chemistry, vol. 33, no. 10, e5138. https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.5138

van der Sluis, RM 2019, 'Efficient HIV latency reversal with immune checkpoint blockade in a primary T-cell latency model.', European Congress of Virology 2019, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 28/04/2019 - 01/05/2019.

Abspoel, M, Cramer, R, Damgård, IB , Escudero Ospina, DE & Yuan, C 2019, Efficient Information-Theoretic Secure Multiparty Computation over Z/p^k Z via Galois Rings. in D Hofheinz & A Rosen (eds), Theory of Cryptography - 17th International Conference, TCC 2019, Proceedings: Proceedings. vol. Part 1, Springer, Cham, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 11891, pp. 471-501, Theory of Cryptography Conference, 17th International Conference, Nurnberg, Germany, 01/12/2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36030-6_19

Monti, M, Woolley, JM, Staniforth, M, Wijesekara, A, Tao, SX, Bandara, RMI, Jayawardena, I, Crocker, A, Griffin, E, Silva, SRP, Hatton, RA & Lloyd-Hughes, J 2019, Efficient intraband hot carrier relaxation in Sn and Pb perovskite semiconductors mediated by strong electron-phonon coupling. in Ultrafast Phenomena and Nanophotonics XXIII., 109160M, SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering, Proceedings of SPIE , vol. 10916, Ultrafast Phenomena and Nanophotonics XXIII 2019, San Francisco, United States, 03/02/2019. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2507268

Kaadt, E , Alsing, S , Cecchi, CR , Damgaard, CK , Corydon, TJ & Aagaard, L 2019, 'Efficient Knockdown and Lack of Passenger Strand Activity by Dicer-Independent shRNAs Expressed from Pol II-Driven MicroRNA Scaffolds', Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids, vol. 14, pp. 318-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2018.11.013

Stentoft, L 2019, 'Efficient Numerical Pricing of American Call Options using Symmetry Arguments', Journal of Risk and Financial Management, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm12020059

Chatterjee, K, Goharshady, AK, Okati, N & Pavlogiannis, A 2019, 'Efficient Parameterized Algorithms for Data Packing', Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages , vol. 3, no. POPL, 53. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290366

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