Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Coria, J & Zhang, XB 2015, 'State-Dependent Enforcement to Foster the Adoption of New Technologies', Environmental and Resource Economics, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 359-381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-015-9943-8

Shabani, F, Seyedyazdi, M, Vaziri, M, Zarghami, M & Vadhva, S 2015, State Estimation of a Distribution System Using WLS and EKF Techniques. in Proceedings - 2015 IEEE 16th International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration, IRI 2015., 7301033, IEEE, pp. 609-613, 16th IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration, IRI 2015, San Francisco, United States, 13/08/2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/IRI.2015.101

Jensen, CS , Møller, A, Raychev, V, Dimitrov, D & Vechev, M 2015, Stateless Model Checking of Event-Driven Applications. in OOPSLA 2015 : Proceedings of the 2015 ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications . Association for Computing Machinery, ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages and Applications, pp. 57-73, ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications, United States, 21/10/2015. https://doi.org/10.1145/2814270.2814282

EFSA PPR Panel (EFSA Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues), & Topping, CJ 2015, 'Statement on the suitability of the BEEHAVE model for its potential use in a regulatory context and for the risk assessment of multiple stressors in honeybees at the landscape level', EFSA Journal, vol. 13, no. 6, 4125. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4125

Møller, J & Skaaning, S-E 2015, Stateness First? in A Croissant & J Haynes (eds), Twenty Years of Studying Democratization, Vol. 3: Building Blocks of Democracy. Routledge, pp. 24-47.

Thorup, M 2015, Statens idéhistorie: Magt, vold og politik. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Århus.

Tan, NDF 2015, 'State responsibility for international cooperation on migration control: the case of Australia', Oxford Monitor of Forced Migration, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 8-19. <http://oxmofm.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/NIKOLAS-FEITH-TAN-State-responsibility-for-international-cooperation-on-migration-control2.pdf>

Madsen, M 2015, 'Static Analysis of Dynamic Languages'.

Lewis, PR, Esterle, L, Chandra, A, Rinner, B, Torresen, J & Yao, X 2015, 'Static, dynamic, and adaptive heterogeneity in distributed smart camera networks', ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems, vol. 10, no. 2, 8. https://doi.org/10.1145/2764460

Petersen, MNM, Hoff, C , Harms, H , Bouchelouche, K , Sørensen, J & Tolbod, LP 2015, 'Static Myocardial Perfusion Imaging using denoised dynamic Rb-82 PET/CT scans', EANM'15, Hamborg, Germany, 11/10/2015 - 14/10/2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-015-3198-z

Feldt, M, Bjarnadottir, O, Kimbung, S, Jirström, K, Bendahl, P-O, Veerla, S, Grabau, D, Hedenfalk, I & Borgquist, S 2015, 'Statin-induced anti-proliferative effects via cyclin D1 and p27 in a window-of-opportunity breast cancer trial.', Journal of Translational Medicine, vol. 13, no. 133. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-015-0486-0

Svensson, E , Nielsen, RB, Hasvold, P, Aarskog, P & Thomsen, RW 2015, 'Statin prescription patterns, adherence, and attainment of cholesterol treatment goals in routine clinical care: a Danish population-based study', Clinical epidemiology, vol. 7, pp. 213-23. https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S78145

Kulenovic, I , Mortensen, MB, Bertelsen, J, May, O , Dodt, KK , Kanstrup, H & Falk, E 2015, 'Statin use prior to first myocardial infarction in contemporary patients: Inefficient and not gender equitable', Preventive Medicine, vol. 83, no. 2016, pp. 63-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.12.001

Hirsch, C, Delaney, G & Schmidt, V 2015, 'Stationary Apollonian Packings', Journal of Statistical Physics, vol. 161, no. 1, pp. 35-72.

Pedersen, AR , Stubbs, PW & Nielsen, JF 2015, 'Statistical Considerations When Assessing Short Latency Stretch Reflexes in the Human Soleus Muscle', Motor Control, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 253-70. https://doi.org/10.1123/mc.2013-0074

Hansen, LM, Johansen, RJ, Ulriksen, MD, Tcherniak, D & Damkilde, L 2015, 'Statistical evaluation of characteristic SDDLV-induced stress resultants to discriminate between undamaged and damaged elements', Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 628. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/628/1/012003

von Bismarck-Osten, C, Birmili, W, Ketzel, M & Weber, S 2015, 'Statistical modelling of aerosol particle number size distributions in urban and rural environments – A multi-site study', Urban Climate, vol. 11, pp. 51-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2014.11.004

Timmermann, K , Christensen, JPA , Murray, C & Markager, S 2015, 'Statistiske modeller og metoder til bestemmelse af indsatsbehov: Modeller for danske fjorde og kystnære havområder - del 3', 26 p., Apr 28, 2015.. <http://naturstyrelsen.dk/media/136882/dokumentation_statistiske_modeller_metoder_del3_28042015.pdf>

Schmidt, U 2015, Stat og religion. in I Furseth (ed.), Religionens tilbakekomst i offentligheten?: Religion, politikk, medier, stat og sivilsamfunn i Norge siden 1980-tallet. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, pp. 105-138.

Thestrup, JB & Frederiksen, NE 2015, 'Statsbibliotekets Open Journal Systems server: Fra 5 til 55 tidsskrifter på 8 år', OJS på dansk, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 1-4. https://doi.org/10.7146/ojssb.v6i6.21248

Møller, J 2015, Statsdannelse, regimeforandring og økonomisk udvikling: 2. reviderede udgave. Statskundskab, no. 11, 2. edn, Hans Reitzels Forlag, København.

Jessen, PW 2015, Statshandelsmonopoler (TEUF art. 37). in EU-Karnov. Karnov Group.

Jessen, PW 2015, Statsstøtte (TEUF art. 107-109). in EU-Karnov. Karnov Group.

Li, W, Wu, S, Bah, H, Pang, C & Dong, R 2015, 'Status analysis and development prospect of biogas engineering technology', Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, vol. 46, no. 7. https://doi.org/10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.07.027

Bell, S, Boese, N, Bosma, R, Buzoianu, M, Carroll, P, Fernicola, V, Georgin, E, Heinonen, M, Kentved, A, Melvad, C & Nielsen, J 2015, 'Status and Strategy for Moisture Metrology in European Metrology Institutes', International Journal of Thermophysics, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 2185-2198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-015-1859-6

Clausen, P & Balsby, TJS 2015, 'Status for forekomst af lysbuget knortegås og udbredelse af ålegræs ved Nibe Bredning, Gjøl Bredning og Egholm', 10 p., Jun 30, 2015. Notat fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi (2011-2019).

Termansen, M , Levin, G , Hasler, B, Jacobsen, J, Lundhede, T & Jellesmark Thorsen, B 2015, Status for kortlægning af økosystemer, økosystemtjenester og deres værdier i Danmark. Videnskabelig rapport fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, no. 147. <http://dce2.au.dk/pub/SR147.pdf>

Dupont, YL , Bruus, M , Steenberg, T & Kryger, P 2015, 'Status for neonikotinoiders sideeffekter på bier', Tidsskrift for Biavl, vol. 11.

Dupont, YL , Bruus, M , Steenberg, T & Kryger, P 2015, 'Status for neonikotinoiders sideeffekter på bier', SDE-nyt, vol. 4, pp. 7-16.

Dupont, YL , Bruus, M , Steenberg, T & Kryger, P 2015, 'Status for neonikotinoiders sideeffekter på bier', Dansk Biavl, vol. 12, pp. 241-247.

Nøjgaard, JK , Massling, A & Ellermann, T 2015, 'Status for Partikelprojektet 2014-2016', 13 p..

Laursen, K 2015, 'Status for verdens Strandskader', Dansk Ornitologisk Forenings Tidsskrift, vol. 109, no. 4, pp. 155.

Dyssegaard, CB & Egelund, N 2015, 'Status. Jævne karakterer til inklusion i folkeskolen: For et par uger siden kom den sminkede udgave af kommunernes arbejde med inklusion. Sandheden er mere nuanceret', Politiken, debatsektionen, pp. 6.

Dam, HV 2015, Status (of interpreters). in F Pöchhacker (ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Interpreting Studies. Routledge, London, pp. 400-402.

Høybye, C, Cohen, P, Hoffman, AR, Ross, R, Biller, BMK, Christiansen, JS & Growth Hormone Research Society 2015, 'Status of long-acting-growth hormone preparations - 2015', Growth Hormone & IGF Research, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 201-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ghir.2015.07.004

Weber, RWS, Entrop, A-P, Goertz, A & Mehl, A 2015, 'Status of sensitivity of Northern German botrytis populations to the new SDHI fungicide fluopryam prior to its release as a Commercial fungicide', Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, vol. 122, no. 2, pp. 81-90.

Weber, RWS, Entrop, A, Goertz, A & Mehl, A 2015, 'Status of sensitivity of Northern German Botrytis populations to the new SDHI fungicide fluopyram prior to its release as a commercial fungicide', Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, vol. 122, no. 2, pp. 81-90.

Hansen, JS & Bennedsen, AB 2015, Status og handleplan for Blackboard-projektet på Health 2015.

Riemann, B (ed.), Carstensen, J , Markager, S , Olsen, BE , Dahl, K , Hansen, JW , Hasler, B , Zandersen, M , Nielsen, HØ, Gislason, H & Støttrup, J 2015, Status og muligheder for det danske hav. Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, Aarhus. <http://veluxfoundations.dk/sites/default/files/status_og_muligheder_for_det_danske_hav.pdf>

Schullehner, J & Jensen, NL 2015, 'Status over nitrat i drikkevandet hos enkeltindvindere på landsplan', ATV møde 49, Aarhus, Denmark, 10/09/2015.

Chamizo Calvo, E, Santos, FJ, Lopez-Gutierrez, JM, Padilla, S, Garcia-Leon, M, Heinemeier, J, Schnabel, C & Scognamiglio, G 2015, 'Status report of the 1 MV AMS facility at the Centro Nacional de Aceleradores', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, vol. 361, pp. 13-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2015.02.022

Kondev, DH 2015, 'Statutory Approaches to Multi-Party/Multi-Contract Construction Arbitration', The Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law and Arbitration, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 191-217.

Nardinocchi, P, Pezzulla, M & Teresi, L 2015, 'Steady and transient analysis of anisotropic swelling in fibered gels', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 118, no. 24, 244904. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4938737

Fröbert, O, Calais, F, James, SK & Lagerqvist, B 2015, 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction, thrombus aspiration, and different invasive strategies. A TASTE trial substudy', Journal of the American Heart Association, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. e001755. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.114.001755

Petersen, KE 2015, Stemmer fra en bande: unge bandemedlemmers egne fortællinger om opvækst, hverdagsliv og fremtid. DPU, Aarhus Universitet, København. <http://edu.au.dk/fileadmin/edu/Forskning/SILO/Ebog_-_Stemmer_fra_en_bande_-_2015.pdf>

Kristjansdottir, B 2015, Stenet vej til ambitiøse mål for faget Modersmålsundervisning. in Læringsmål. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Aarhus, Sprogforum, no. 61, pp. 30-37.

Balleby, IR , Terkelsen, CJ , Christiansen, EH & Holm, NR 2015, 'Stent collapse after guide extension catheter collision. Signature procedural finding by optical coherence tomography', International Journal of Cardiology, vol. 202, pp. 488-489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.08.160

Saver, JL, Goyal, M, Bonafe, A, Diener, H-C, Levy, EI, Pereira, VM, Albers, GW, Cognard, C, Cohen, DJ, Hacke, W, Jansen, O, Jovin, TG, Mattle, HP, Nogueira, RG, Siddiqui, AH, Yavagal, DR, Baxter, BW, Devlin, TG, Lopes, DK, Reddy, VK, du Mesnil de Rochemont, R, Singer, OC, Jahan, R, SWIFT PRIME Investigators (Grethe Andersen, Dorte Damgaard; members), Andersen, G & Damgaard, DW 2015, 'Stent-retriever thrombectomy after intravenous t-PA vs. t-PA alone in stroke', The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 372, no. 24, pp. 2285-2295. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1415061

Saver, JL, Goyal, M, Diener, H-C, SWIFT PRIME Investigators (Grethe Andersen, Dorte Damgaard; members), Andersen, G & Damgaard, DW 2015, 'Stent-Retriever Thrombectomy for Stroke', The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 373, no. 11, pp. 1077. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc1508744

Ejrnæs, R 2015, 'Step carefully, there is an elephant in the room: human trampling as threat or treat in conservation.', Applied Vegetation Science, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 357-358. https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12174

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