Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Allan, E, Wang, Y, de Vernal, A, Gélinas, Y, Mucci, AO, Seidenkrantz, MS & Douglas, PMJ 2026, 'Trophic Changes off Southwest Greenland During the Holocene and Their Influence on Carbon Burial', Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 53, no. 6, e2025GL120012. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL120012

Peschel, AO, Bliemer, MCJ & Thøgersen, J 2026, 'True pricing – guiding consumers within a new pricing paradigm', Marketing Letters, vol. 37, no. 1, 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-025-09799-x

Pedersen, RB 2026, Trump ser ikke længere USA som en del af NATO. Tidsskriftet ræson.

Lund, M & Kristiansen, S 2026, Trusting women: Women rhetors in the history of rhetoric. in K Bjørkdahl, L Marie, K Jens & R Hanne (eds), Trustworthiness: The rhetorical history of trust in the Nordics. Nordicom.

Leding, C, Meddis, A, Holler, JG, Burisch, J, Kragstrup, TW, Skov, L & Benfield, T 2026, 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Inhibitors, Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, and Bloodstream Infections: Results from a Nationwide Case-Control Study', Clinical Microbiology and Infection. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2026.02.005

Ezugwu, CI, Christensen, FMS, Xiong, X & Wei, Z 2026, 'Tuning adsorption selectivity of H₂S and CO₂ with robust bimetallic metal-organic frameworks', Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 382, 135996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135996

Pramanick, A, Babori, C, Albertini, F, Gjørup, FH, Kumar, A, Jørgensen, MRV & Daniel, L 2026, 'Tuning functional properties of 3-D printed ferroelectric ceramics using different architectures', Journal of the European Ceramic Society, vol. 46, no. 5, 118025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.118025

Nielsen, KH 2026, 'Tvivlsom åbenhed', Weekendavisen, vol. Sektion 4 (Ideer), pp. 5.

Thomassen, MB, Ballan, EM, Moeslund, N , Lenbroch, KV , Larsen, PTN , Ali, SA , Lilleøre, JG , Lützhøft, C, Jager, SCAD, Ilkjær, L , Lehnert, P , Ilkjær, L , Clemmensen, TS, van der Kaaij, N, Erasmus, M & Eiskjær, H 2026, 'Twenty-Four-Hour Hypothermic Oxygenated Perfusion Preserves Graft Viability in a Porcine DCD and DBD Heart Transplant Model', The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2026.03.021

Dörnemann, N 2026, 'Two-sample covariance inference in high-dimensional elliptical models', Electronic Journal of Statistics, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 633-666. https://doi.org/10.1214/26-EJS2499

Zhou, Y 2026, 'UAV-based multispectral imaging and deep learning for nitrogen status diagnosis and management in spring barley'.

Engberg, J 2026, Über Schriftform und Wortwahl und deren jeweilige Bedeutung für die Konstruktion von Wissen, insbesondere bei den Bürger:innen. in A Viljanmaa & M Kivilehto (eds), Typographie, Translation und vieles mehr. Festschrift zum 80. Geburtstag von Jürgen F. Schopp. University of Tampere, Tampere, pp. 84-99.

Dalgaard, T 2026, Uddannelse, Rådgivning og Videnskab. in G Gormsen (ed.), Dansk Landbrug 1945–2020. Gad, pp. 206-239.

Thorhauge, S, Yde, L & Larsen, AH 2026, 'Uden de kreative fag bliver epx en uddannelse, hvor elever mangler muligheden for at skabe', Altinget.

Sørensen, P 2026, 'Udvaskning fra gødning udbragt i februar contra marts og april', No. 2026-0943124, 7 p., Mar 09, 2026. Rådgivningsnotat fra DCA - Nationalt Center for Fødevarer og Jordbrug.

Coomber, R, Devany, C, Kammersgaard, T, Lloyd, C, Brown, K & Bainbridge, L 2026, UK policing and safeguarding training deficiencies around criminal exploitation. Vulnerability & Policing Futures Research Centre. <https://vulnerabilitypolicing.org.uk/criminal-exploitation-training-gaps-in-uk-policing-and-safeguarding/>

Monti, M , Siddiqui, KM , Perez-Salinas, D , Agarwal, N , Bremholm, M, Li, X, Prabhakaran, D, Liu, X, Babich, D, Sander, M, Deng, Y, Lemke, HT, Mankowsky, R, Liu, X & Wall, SE 2026, 'Ultrafast surface melting of orbital order in La_0.5Sr_1.5MnO₄', Nature Materials, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 58-64. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-025-02379-4

Nilsson, P, Gunnlaugsson, A, Beckman, L, Widmark, A, Fransson, P, Hoyer, M, Lagerlund, M, Kindblom, J, Johansson, B, Björnlinger, K, Ginman, C, Olsson, M, Agrup, M, Kjellén, E, Zackrisson, B, Tavelin, B, Franzén, L, Anderson, H & Thellenberg Karlsson, C 2026, 'Ultra-hypofractionated versus conventionally fractionated radiotherapy for localised prostate cancer (HYPO-RT-PC): 10-year outcomes of an open-label, randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority trial', The Lancet Oncology, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 293-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(25)00656-4

Bønløkke, S , Stougaard, M , Sorensen, BS , Parner, E, Nyvang, G-B, Lindegaard, JC, Blaakær, J, Bertelsen, J , Fuglsang, K & Steiniche, T 2026, 'Ultrasensitive next-generation sequencing-based detection of circulating human papillomavirus DNA for cervical cancer recurrence monitoring', Cancer, vol. 132, no. 4, e70282. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.70282

Hjorth, IMD, Landt, LH, Dahl, K , Dueholm, M & Ørtoft, G 2026, 'Ultrasound Scoring to Predict High-Risk Endometrial Cancer', Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 849-860. https://doi.org/10.1002/jum.70113

Nielsen, MS, Grejs, AM, Nielsen, AB, Konge, L, Mjelle, AB, Hästbacka, J, Thormar, K, Wall, O, Cronhjort, M, Russell, L & Brøchner, AC 2026, 'Ultrasound Use in Anesthesiology and Intensive Care in the Nordic Countries: An International Survey on Availability, Frequency of Use, Operator Training, and Assessment', Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, vol. 70, no. 3, e70190. https://doi.org/10.1111/aas.70190

Pedersen, MV , Lindhard, MS, Moster, D, Lie, RT & Henriksen, TB 2026, 'Umbilical Cord Blood pH Level, Apgar Score, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder', JAMA network open, vol. 9, no. 1, e2554672. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.54672

Bhatti, YA, Watson-Parris, D, Regayre, LA, Jia, H, Neubauer, D, Im, U , Svenhag, C, Schutgens, N, Tsikerdekis, A, Nenes, A, Irfan, M, van Diedenhoven, B, Arifi, A, Fu, G & Hasekamp, OP 2026, 'Uncertainty in aerosol effective radiative forcing from anthropogenic and natural aerosol parameters in ECHAM6.3-HAM2.3', Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 269-293. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-269-2026

Demirel, N, Vogiatzakis, IN, Zittis, G, Tase, M, Sándor, AD, Zotos, S, Zoumides, C, Dindaroglu, T, Fois, M, Christoforidi, I, Stamatiadou, V, Zemah-Shamir, S, Albayrak, T, Kaptan Ayhan, C, Manolaki, P, Sieber, I, Zemah-Shamir, Z, Tzirkalli, E & Moustakas, A 2026, 'Uncertainty in island-based ecosystem services and climate change research', Frontiers in Marine Science, vol. 13, 1736032. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2026.1736032

Schmal, C, Simic, MK, Xiao, Y, Catala, AA, Jiang, M, Andersen, TL , Diaz-delCastillo, M, Croucher, P, McDonald, M & Jafari, A 2026, 'Uncoupled bone remodeling drives myeloma bone disease in Vk*MYC mouse model of multiple myeloma', Bone Reports, vol. 29, 101910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bonr.2026.101910

Banellis, L , Nikolova, N, Brændholdt , M, Vejlø, M, Rebollo, I, Legrand, NMS , Fardo, F, Smallwood, J & Allen, M 2026, 'Uncovering the embodied dimension of the wandering mind', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), vol. 123, no. 13, e2520822123, pp. e2520822123. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2520822123

Lev Yehudi, O, Ouyang, Q, Franza, A, von Solms, N & Klar, A 2026, 'Underground energy storage using man-made CO2 hydrate geo-capsules', Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology Journal, vol. 168, no. Part 2, 107203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2025.107203

Aadal, L , Odgaard, L & Kjeldsen, SS 2026, 'Undernutrition in Acquired Brain Injury Rehabilitation: A Retrospective GLIM Exploration', Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 31-35. https://doi.org/10.1097/JNN.0000000000000856

Brøgger, K 2026, Understanding Academic Freedom in Relation to Research Integrity: Principles, Pressures, and Practices. in M P Sørensen & T Ravn (eds), How to Cultivate Research Integrity: 15 Core Practices. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Gavrilova, E, Novoselova, K, Myachykov, A & Shtyrov, Y 2026, 'Understanding emotions through biological motion in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review', Research in Autism, vol. 132, 202833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reia.2026.202833

Whiffing, J, Langlotz, T, Lutteroth, C, Sharma, A & Clarke, C 2026, 'Understanding Freehand Cursorless Pointing Variability and Its Impact on Selection Performance', ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, vol. 33, no. 1, 11. https://doi.org/10.1145/3770583

Bjerre Olesen, S & Leimbach, T 2026, 'Understanding multilevel paradoxes in agile projects: between autonomy and control in self-managing teams', Project Leadership and Society, vol. 7, 100213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plas.2026.100213

Chen, Q , Mithani, M, Auras, R, Kirkensgaard, JJK & Uysal-Unalan, I 2026, 'Understanding nucleation efficiency of stereocomplex-crystallites on homochiral crystallization in poly(l-lactide)/poly(d-lactide) blends: homogenization near crystal growth front', RSC Applied Polymers. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4lp00319e

Zhou, F, Li, X, Jiang, J & Zhang, L 2026, 'Understanding obesity–cancer crosstalk to inform the immunomodulatory roles of anti-obesity nanotherapeutics', Materials Today Bio, vol. 36, 102756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102756

Pencheri, M , Hansen, KE , Nielsen, LJ, Dixon, S, Hinton, L, Prior, A , Forman, A , Marschall, H , Seyer-Hansen, M & Kirk, UB 2026, 'Understanding the diagnostic process of endometriosis in primary care: An interview study with general practitioners in Denmark using clinical vignettes', The European Journal of General Practice, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 2648318. https://doi.org/10.1080/13814788.2026.2648318

Laursen, AP 2026, 'Understanding the Effect of Anisotropic Nanostructured Iron Oxide Precursors on the Formation of M- and W-Type Hexaferrite Magnets'.

Moussaoui, D, Banovic, M, Tarrega, A & Chaya, C 2026, 'Understanding young consumers' attitudes towards plant-based products: A structural equation modelling analysis approach', Food Quality and Preference, vol. 135, 105702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2025.105702

Madsen, CD 2026, Undervisningsudvikling i samarbejdet mellem skole og PPR. in D Kousholt (ed.), Pædagogisk psykologisk rådgivning. Hans Reitzels Forlag.

Nygaard, B 2026, Unfinished past: Daniel Guérin and the French Revolution. in Zero Hours, Vol. 2. Palgrave Macmillan.

Henriksen, MB , Rasmussen, A , Weinhold, SH , Kallestrup, TSO & Grønhøj, A 2026, Unges mad- og måltidsvaner: Fælles livsfase, forskellige veje og valg. Aarhus Universitet.

Rytter, M 2026, Ung på flugt: Et spørgsmål om afmagt? Nord Academic /Gads Forlag.

Chernozhukov, V, Huang, C & Wang, W 2026, 'Uniform Inference on High-dimensional Spatial Panel Networks', Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 348-359. https://doi.org/10.1080/07350015.2025.2530122

Fogt, MM 2026, Unlawful and Immoral Contracts in Danish Law. in AC Ciacchi & A McCann (eds), Public Policy and Morality in European Private Law and Private International Law. Cambridge University Press.

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Ward, DG, Bryan, RT, Chaudhuri, AA, Hadfield, J, Perez-Boza, J, Steenbergen, RDM, Vega, DM, Whiting, J, Wyatt, AW & Dyrskjøt, L 2026, 'Unlocking the potential of urine-based liquid biopsy through improved reporting and standardization', Nature Reviews Cancer, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 79-80. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41568-025-00882-z

Catania, L, D'Innocenzo, E & Luati, A 2026, 'Unobserved Component Models, Approximate Filters and Dynamic Adaptive Mixture Models', Journal of Econometrics, vol. 253, 106155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106155

Casteran, G & Chrysochou, P 2026, 'Unpacking private labels: How discount, standard, and premium tiers shape national brand loyalty', Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, vol. 90, 104705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2025.104705

Smedegaard Ernst Bengtsen, S 2026, Unplacing the university. in G Tavadze, P Gibbs, D Greenwood & S Bengtsen (eds), Towards the Placeful University: Transformative Places and Spaces in Higher Education. Springer, Debating Higher Education: Philosophical Perspectives .

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Zhou, W, Zhou, W, Cammarano, D , Butterbach-Bahl, K , Olesen, JE, Lin, Z, Huang, T, Cai, G, Zhang, J, Qiu, J & Wang, S 2026, 'Unraveling the impact of environmental factors on wheat yield across the European Union via explainable machine learning', Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 241, 111268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2025.111268

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