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Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Kragh-Müller, G 2015, Småbørns udvikling. in D Cecchin (ed.), Barndomspædagogik i dagtilbud. 1. edn, Akademisk Forlag, København, pp. 73-98.
Pedersen, SH 2015, Smagsmysteriet: Smagen under lup. vol. 3, 1 edn, Smag for Livet Forlag, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M. email: forlag@smagforlivet.dk. Tlf: 93 50 70 71, Odense.
Naveed, A 2015, Small and medium sized cities: knowledge-based strategies and source of growth. in I Bernhard (ed.), Regional Development in an International Context. Regional, National, Cross Border and International Factors of Growth and Development: Proceedings of the 18th Uddevalla Symposium 11-13 June 2015 in Sønderborg, Reports 2015:2. University West, Trollhättan, Reports, no. 2, vol. 2015, pp. 449-466.
Langholz, E, Wilkens, R & Glerup, H 2015, 'Small bowel cleansing does not improve quality of wireless capsule endoscopy', Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, vol. 9, no. Suppl. 1, pp. S152-S153.
Froelich, S, Sørensen, HO, Hakim, SS, Marin, F, Stipp, SLS & Birkedal, H 2015, 'Smaller Calcite Lattice Deformation Caused by Occluded Organic Material in Coccoliths than in Mollusk Shell', Crystal Growth & Design, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 2761-2767. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.5b00118
Jespersen, S, Hønge, BL, Willumsen, M, Andersen, A, Aunsborg, J, Oliveira, I, Medina, C, da Silva Te, D, Silva, ZJD, Laursen, AL, Østergaard, LJ, Wejse, C & Aaby, P 2015, 'Smallpox and BCG vaccination may reduce severity of HIV-infection among female patients', 25th ECCMID, Copenhagen, Denmark, 25/04/2015 - 28/04/2015.
Heymann, M, Nielsen, KH, Nielsen, H & Knudsen, H 2015, Small state versus Superpower: Science and Geopolitics in Greenland in the early Cold War. in J van Dongen (ed.), Cold War Science and the Transatlantic Circulation of Knowledge. Brill, Amsterdam, History of Modern Science, vol. 51/1, pp. 235-263.
Gao, S, Zou, D, Mao, L, Zhou, Q, Jia, W, Huang, Y, Zhao, S, Chen, G, Wu, S, Li, D, Xia, F, Chen, H, Chen, M, Ørntoft, TF, Bolund, L & Sørensen, KD 2015, 'SMAP: a streamlined methylation analysis pipeline for bisulfite sequencing', GigaScience, vol. 4, pp. 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13742-015-0070-9
Dahle, B & Kryger, P 2015, 'SMARTBEES - a new EU project on honey bees', Nordic Baltic Apicultural Research Symposium, Købehavn, Denmark, 28/01/2015 - 30/01/2015.
Stisen, A, Blunck, H, Bhattacharya, S, Prentow, TS, Kjærgaard, MB, Dey, A, Sonne, T & Jensen, MM 2015, Smart devices are different: Assessing and mitigating mobile sensing heterogeneities for activity recognition. in Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems: Sensys 2015. ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 01/11/2015.
Ottosen, C-O, Nørregaard Jørgensen, B & Rosenqvist, E 2015, 'SMARTGRID - READY', GUDP-Konference, København, Denmark, 27/10/2015.
Andersen, A, Birkedal, H & Krogsgaard, M 2015, 'SMART POLYMER MATERIALS BASED ON BLUE MUSSEL CHEMISTRY', iNANO Autumn School 2015, Farsø, Denmark, 09/10/2015 - 11/10/2015.
Stahelin Jensen, T & Nikolajsen, L 2015, Smerter og smertebehandling. in Medicinsk Kompendium Lommebog. 5 edn, Nyt Nordisk Forlag Arnold Busck, pp. 28-35.
Ahlström, MG, Feldt-Rasmussen, B, Legarth, R, Kronborg, G, Pedersen, C, Larsen, CS, Gerstoft, J & Obel, N 2015, 'Smoking and renal function in people living with human immunodeficiency virus: a Danish nationwide cohort study', Clinical epidemiology, vol. 7, pp. 391-9. https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S83530
Munch, A, Bohr, J, Madisch, A, Bonderup, O, Tysk, C, Ström, M, Mohrbacher, R, Mueller, R, Greinwald, R & Miehlke, S 2015, 'Smoking is associated with watery diarrhea and decreased likelihood to achieve clinical remission in collagenous colitis', Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, vol. 9, P171, pp. S162-S162.
Takats, K, Pignata, G, Pumo, ML, Paillas, E, Zampieri, L, Elias-Rosa, N, Benetti, S, Bufano, F, Cappellaro, E, Ergon, M, Fraser, M, Hamuy, M, Inserra, C, Kankare, E, Smartt, SJ, Stritzinger, MD, Van Dyk, SD, Haislip, JB, LaCluyze, AP, Moore, JP & Reichart, D 2015, 'SN 2009ib: a Type II-P supernova with an unusually long plateau', Royal Astronomical Society. Monthly Notices, vol. 450, no. 3, pp. 3137-3154. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv857
de Jaeger, T, Anderson, JP, Pignata, G, Hamuy, M, Kankare, E, Stritzinger, MD, Benetti, S, Bufano, F, Elias-Rosa, N, Folatelli, G, Förster, F, Gonzaez-Gaitan, S, Gutierrez, CP, Inserra, C, Kotak, R, Lira, P, Morrell, N, Taddia, F & Tomasella, L 2015, 'SN 2011A: A LOW-LUMINOSITY INTERACTING TRANSIENT WITH A DOUBLE PLATEAU AND STRONG SODIUM ABSORPTION', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 807, no. 1, 63. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/807/1/63
Monzón-Argüello, C, Patiño-Martínez, C, Christiansen, F, Gallo-Barneto, R, Cabrera-Pérez, MÁ, Peña-Estévez, MÁ, López-Jurado, LF & Lee, PLM 2015, 'Snakes on an island: independent introductions have different potentials for invasion', Conservation Genetics, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1225-1241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-015-0734-0
Krogager, SGS & Degn, H-P 2015, 'Snapchat: new kind of Social Media with significantly Gendered Media Practices', IAMCR 2015, Montreal, Canada, 12/07/2015 - 16/07/2015.
Krøgholt, I 2015, Snehvides Billede som virkelighedsteater. in EE Christoffersen & K Winkelhorn (eds), Skønhedens hotel: Hotel Pro Forma: Et laboratorium for scenekunst. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Aarhus, pp. 133-147.
Kinoshita, R, Ishima, Y, Ikeda, M, Kragh-Hansen, U, Fang, J, Nakamura, H, Chuang, VTG, Tanaka, R, Maeda, H, Kodama, A, Watanabe, H, Maeda, H, Otagiri, M & Maruyama, T 2015, 'S-Nitrosated human serum albumin dimer as novel nano-EPR enhancer applied to macromolecular anti-tumor drugs such as micelles and liposomes', Journal of Controlled Release, vol. 217, pp. 1-9.
Rasmussen, BS 2015, 'Snyder Finansministeriet på vægten?', Boersen, no. 08.09.2015.
Bach-Nielsen, C 2015, Snyd, magt og humbug: I.P. Bang og P.G. Lindhardt om religion. in B Stoklund Larsen & P Aaboe Sørensen (eds), Kristendommens fornuft : Niels Grønkjær 60 år. Forlaget Anis, Frederiksberg, pp. 191-204.
Møller, A & Naik, M 2015, SOAP'15: Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGPLAN International Workshop on State Of the Art in Program Analysis. in Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGPLAN International Workshop on State Of the Art in Program Analysis. Association for Computing Machinery, Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, PLDI 2015 (External Review Committee member), Portland, United States, 13/06/2015. <http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2771284>
Anderson, S 2015, Sociability: the art of form. in V Amit (ed.), Thinking through sociality: an anthropological interrogation of key concepts. Berghahn Books, Oxford, pp. 97-127, Reconceptualizing Sociality: An Anthropological Interrogation of Key Concepts, Montreal, Canada, 07/10/2011.
Anderson, SD 2015, 'Sociability Matters: Working through common senses of valued social form and exchange', Paper presented at AAA, Denver, United States, 17/11/2015 - 22/11/2015.
Martins, BO 2015, Social Appropriateness in EU Counter-Terrorism Law and Policy. in F de Londras & JD (eds), The Impact, Legitimacy and Effectiveness of EU Counter-Terrorism. Routledge, pp. 136-154.
Jakobsen, HJW, Amundsen, ES, Svarer, M & Dalgaard, C-J 2015, 'Social arv - uddannelse virker i yderområderne', Politiken.
Jensen, B 2015, Social arv, ulighed og dagtilbuds betydning med henblik på mønsterbrydning: analyse baseret på teoretiske begreber, empiriske undersøgelser og eksempler på social innovation i dagtilbud. Den blå serie, vol. 32, Pædagogisk Psykologisk Tidsskrift, no. Temanummer, vol. 52, vol. 2015, Forlaget Skolepsykologi, Herfølge.
Aly, A, Obwona, AK, Martyna, M, Małgorzata, P & Stephen, R 2015, 'Social aspect of Energy Transition in Frankfurt', Paper presented at 17th International Conference on Civil Engineering and Architecture, Germany, 07/06/2015.
Thomsen, C 2015, Social Clauses. in S Idowu, N Capaldi, MS Fifka, L Zu & R Schmidpeter (eds), Dictionary of Corporate Social Responsibility. Springer, Cham, CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance.
Fabian, L, Nørgaard, AE & Risager, BS (eds) 2015, Sociale bevægelser og politisk protest: Slagmark #71. Slagmark: tidsskrift for idéhistorie , no. 71, Forlaget Slagmark.
Edgeman, R, Carayannis, E & Sindakis, S 2015, Social Ecological Innovation: Contributing to Robust, Resilient and Sustainable Enterprises. Service Systems and Innovations in Business and Society, Business Expert Press, New York. <http://www.businessexpertpress.com/taxonomy/term/61>
Dearing, JA, Acma, B, Bub, S, Chambers, FM, Chen, X, Cooper, J, Crook, D, Dong, XH, Dotterweich, M, Edwards, ME, Foster, TH, Gaillard, M-J, Galop, D, Gell, P, Gil, A, Jeffers, E, Jones, RT, Anupama, K, Langdon, PG, Marchant, R, Mazier, F, McLean, CE, Nunes, LH, Sukumar, R, Suryaprakash, I, Umer, M, Yang, XD, Wang, R & Zhang, K 2015, 'Social-ecological systems in the Anthropocene: The need for integrating social and biophysical records at regional scales', The Anthropocene Review, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 220-246. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053019615579128