Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Khan, AA, Clarke, B, Rejnmark, L & Brandi, ML 2019, 'Hypoparathyroidism in pregnancy: review and evidence-based recommendations for management', European Journal of Endocrinology. Supplement, vol. 180, no. 2, pp. R37-R44. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-18-0541

Jensen, SB & Pedersen, AML 2019, 'Hyposalivation og xerostomi', Aktuel Nordisk Odontologi, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 58-74. https://doi.org/10.18261/ISSN.2058-7538-2019-01-06

Falstie-Jensen, AM , Kjærsgaard, A, Lorenzen, EL, Jensen, JD, Reinertsen, KV, Dekkers, OM, Ewertz, M & Cronin-Fenton, DP 2019, 'Hypothyroidism and the risk of breast cancer recurrence and all-cause mortality: A Danish population-based study', Breast Cancer Research, vol. 21, no. 1, 44. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-019-1122-3

Cadiz, L , Bundgaard, A , Malte, H & Fago, A 2019, 'Hypoxia enhances blood O ₂ affinity and depresses skeletal muscle O ₂ consumption in zebrafish (Danio rerio)', Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part B: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, vol. 234, pp. 18-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.05.003

Hammer, A , Kahlert, J, Gravitt, P & Rositch, A 2019, 'Hysterectomy-corrected cervical cancer mortality rates in Denmark during 2002-2015: A registry-based cohort study', Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, vol. 98, no. 8, pp. 1063-1069. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13608

Gustafson, LW , Booth, BB , Kahlert, J, Ørtoft, G, Mejlgaard, E, Clarke, M, Wentzensen, N, Rositch, A & Hammer, A 2019, 'Hysterectomy-corrected mortality rates of corpus uteri cancer in Denmark in 2002-2015', ESGO 2019, 02/11/2019.

Jensen, MB 2019, 'Hysteriets anatomi. En diagnose af Jenny Nyströms "Konvalescenten"', Konsthistorisk Tidskrift, vol. 88, no. 2, SKON 1604569, pp. 59-79. https://doi.org/10.1080/00233609.2019.1604569

Hauge, H 2019, Hytten og hæfterne: Historien om Heidegger og hans Schwarze Hefte. U Press, København.

den Haan, A 2019, 'Against the Jews and the Gentiles, Books I–IV. Giannozzo Manetti. Ed. Stefano U. Baldassarri and Daniela Pagliara. Trans. David Marsh. The I Tatti Renaissance Library 79. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2017. xx + 488 pp. $29.95', Renaissance Quarterly, vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 237-238. https://doi.org/10.1017/rqx.2018.12

Walker, JA, Jordan, VE, Storer, JM, Steely, CJ, Gonzalez-Quiroga, P, Beckstrom, TO, Rewerts, LC, St. Romain, CP, Rockwell, CE, Rogers, J, Jolly, CJ, Konkel, MK, The Baboon Genome Analysis Consortium & Batzer, MA 2019, 'Alu insertion polymorphisms shared by Papio baboons and Theropithecus gelada reveal an intertwined common ancestry', Mobile DNA, vol. 10, no. 1, 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13100-019-0187-y

Rodkjær, LØ, Laursen, T & Seeberg, K 2019, '“I am a whole person, not a diagnosis” - A mind-body intervention to improve the mental wellbeing of HIV-infected individuals in Denmark.', European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare , vol. 7 , no. 4, pp. 614-622. https://doi.org/10.5750/ejpch.v7i4.1780

Petersen, PØ & Boel, LWT 2019, 'Iatrogenic deaths: A 25-year retrospective study of medicolegal autopsies', Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 14-19. https://doi.org/10.2478/sjfs-2019-0004

Brorson, M 2019, 'I begyndelsen var opgøret: Tidehvervs historie', Årsskriftet Critique, vol. 12, pp. 197-210.

Fauth, SR 2019, 'I begyndelsen var ordet, og ordet var læs', Litteraturmagasinet Standart, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 7.

Dovigo, F 2019, I bisogni educativi speciali: un percorso verso l’inclusione? in F Dovigo & F Pedone (eds), I bisogni educativi speciali: una guida critica per insegnanti. Carocci editore, Rome, pp. 15-38.

Thomsen, BMS 2019, Ib Schønberg (1902-1955). Nordics.info, Aarhus.

Haberzettl, T, Daut, G, Schulze, N, Spiess, V, Wang, J, Zhu, L & The 2018 Nam Co workshop party 2019, 'ICDP workshop on scientific drilling of Nam Co on the Tibetan Plateau: 1 million years of paleoenvironmental history, geomicrobiology, tectonics and paleomagnetism derived from sediments of a high-altitude lake', Scientific Drilling, vol. 25, pp. 63-70. https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-25-63-2019

Nielsen, JK & Jacobsen, AR 2019, 'Ichnologen Richard Granville Bromley: In Memoriam', Geologisk Tidsskrift, vol. 2019, pp. 33-39. <https://2dgf.dk/xpdf/gt2019-33-39.pdf>

Rijkhoff, J 2019, 'Iconicity of distance: diachronic pathways leading to constituency, word order correlations and scoping', The 12th International Symposium on Iconicity in Language and Literature, Lund, Sweden, 03/05/2019 - 05/05/2019 pp. 137-138.

Sørensen, CAG, Kateris, D & Bochtis, D 2019, ICT Innovations and Smart Farming. in M Salampasis & T Bournaris (eds), Information and Communication Technologies in Modern Agricultural Development: 8th International Conference, HAICTA 2017, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol. 953, pp. 1-19, 8th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies in Agriculture, Food and Environment, HAICTA 2017, Chania, Greece, 21/09/2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12998-9_1

Read, JC, Fitton, D, Sim, G, Bjorklund, M, Giannakos, M, Clarke, S, Van Mechelen, M, Borum, N & Perry, S 2019, IDC methods into industry and innovation. in Proceedings of the 18th ACM International Conference on Interaction Design and Children (IDC 2018). Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 676-680, 18th ACM International Conference on Interaction Design and Children, IDC 2019, Boise, United States, 12/06/2019. https://doi.org/10.1145/3311927.3325164

Beretta, M 2019, 'Idea Selection in Web-Enabled Ideation Systems', Journal of Product Innovation Management, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 5-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12439

Degn, L 2019, Idéers glidning og oversættelse i universitetssektoren. in L Moos (ed.), Glidninger: ’usynlige’ forandringer inden for pædagogik og uddannelser. Aarhus Universitet, DPU, Emdrup, pp. 156-178. <http://ebooks.au.dk/index.php/aul/catalog/view/312/211/938-1>

Sarwar, MB, Ahmad, Z, Rashid, B, Hassan, S, Gregersen, PL , Pérez, MDLOL , Nagy, I , Asp, T & Husnain, T 2019, 'De novo assembly of Agave sisalana transcriptome in response to drought stress provides insight into the tolerance mechanisms', Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 1, 396. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35891-6

Dall Jensen, R , Ravn, S & Christensen, MK 2019, 'Identification and development of talent in surgery: A scoping study across the performance domains of surgery, sport, and music', European Journal of Training and Development, vol. 43, no. 3/4, pp. 272-305. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-07-2018-0070

Kamble, M 2019, 'Identification and development of tools for diagnosis of Ramularia collo-cygni and Ramularia leaf spot disease in barley: Diagnosis tools and marker development for Ramularia leaf spot in barley'.

Walther, R , Winther, A , Fruergaard, AS , Akker, WVD , Sørensen, L , Nielsen, SM , Olesen, MTJ , Dai, Y , Jeppesen, HS , Lamagni, P, Savateev, A, Pedersen, SL , Frich, CK , Vigier, CA , Lock, N, Singh, M, Bansal, V, Meyer, RL & Zelikin, AN 2019, 'Identification and Directed Development of Non‐Organic Catalysts with Apparent Pan‐Enzymatic Mimicry into Nanozymes for Efficient Prodrug Conversion', Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 278-282. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201812668

Liou, AY, Molday, LL, Wang, J, Andersen, JP & Molday, RS 2019, 'Identification and functional analyses of disease-associated P4-ATPase phospholipid flippase variants in red blood cells', Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 294, no. 17, pp. 6809-6821. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA118.007270

Larsen, FT, Bed'hom, B, Guldbrandtsen, B & Dalgaard, TS 2019, 'Identification and tissue-expression profiling of novel chicken c-type lectin-like domain containing proteins as potential targets for carbohydrate-based vaccine strategies', Molecular Immunology, vol. 114, no. October, pp. 216-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2019.07.022

de Groot, T, Ebert, LK, Christensen, BM, Andralojc, K, Cheval, L, Doucet, A, Mao, C, Baumgarten, R, Low, BE, Sandhoff, R, Wiles, MV, Deen, PMT & Korstanje, R 2019, 'Identification of Acer2 as a First Susceptibility Gene for Lithium-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus in Mice', Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, vol. 30, no. 12, pp. 2322-2336. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2018050549

Albrechtsen, R, Albrechtsen, NJW, Gnosa, S, Schwarz, J, Dyrskjøt, L & Kveiborg, M 2019, 'Identification of ADAM12 as a Novel Basigin Sheddase', International Journal of Molecular Sciences , vol. 20, no. 8, 1957. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20081957

Thomsen, MM , Jørgensen, SE , Storgaard, M , Kristensen, LS , Gjedsted, J , Christiansen, M , Gad, HH , Hartmann, R & Mogensen, TH 2019, 'Identification of an IRF3 variant and defective antiviral interferon responses in a patient with severe influenza', European Journal of Immunology, vol. 49, no. 11, pp. 2111-2114. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.201848083

Dionisio, G , Gautam, M & Fomsgaard, IS 2019, 'Identification of Azoxystrobin Glutathione Conjugate Metabolites in Maize Roots by LC-MS', Molecules, vol. 24, no. 13, 2473. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132473

Rinschen, MM, Ivanisevic, J, Giera, M & Siuzdak, G 2019, 'Identification of bioactive metabolites using activity metabolomics', Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 353-367. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-019-0108-4

Mesbah-Uddin, M 2019, 'Identification of causal factors for recessive lethals in dairy cattle with special focus on large chromosomal deletions'.

Grove, J, Ripke, S, Als, TD , Mattheisen, M, Walters, RK, Won, H, Pallesen, J , Agerbo, E, Andreassen, OA, Anney, R, Awashti, S, Belliveau, R, Bettella, F, Buxbaum, JD, Bybjerg-Grauholm, J, Bækvad-Hansen, M, Cerrato, F, Chambert, K, Christensen, JH, Churchhouse, C, Dellenvall, K, Demontis, D, De Rubeis, S, Devlin, B, Djurovic, S, Dumont, AL, Goldstein, JI, Hansen, CS, Hauberg, ME, Hollegaard, MV, Hope, S, Howrigan, DP, Huang, H, Hultman, CM, Klei, L, Maller, J, Martin, J, Martin, AR, Moran, JL, Nyegaard, M, Nærland, T, Palmer, DS, Palotie, A, Pedersen, CB , Pedersen, MG, dPoterba, T, Poulsen, JB, Pourcain, BS, Qvist, P, Rehnström, K, Reichenberg, A, Reichert, J, Robinson, EB, Roeder, K, Roussos, P, Saemundsen, E, Sandin, S, Satterstrom, FK, Smith, GD, Stefansson, H, Steinberg, S, Stevens, C, Sullivan, PF, Turley, P, Walters, GB, Xu, X, Autism Spectrum Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, BUPGEN, Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, 23andMe Research Team, Stefansson, K, Geschwind, DH, Nordentoft, M, Hougaard, DM, Werge, T, Mors, O , Mortensen, PB, Neale, BM, Daly, MJ & Børglum, AD 2019, 'Identification of common genetic risk variants for autism spectrum disorder', Nature Genetics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 431-444. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-019-0344-8

Koch, K, Hafner, SD, Weinrich, S & Astals, S 2019, 'Identification of Critical Problems in Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) Tests From Methane Production Curves', Frontiers in Environmental Science, vol. 7, 178. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00178

Holzinger, J, Nielsen, M, Beato, P, Brogaard, RY, Buono, C, Dyballa, M, Falsig, H, Skibsted, J & Svelle, S 2019, 'Identification of Distinct Framework Aluminum Sites in Zeolite ZSM-23: A Combined Computational and Experimental ²⁷ Al NMR Study', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 123, no. 13, pp. 7831-7844. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b06891

Khodadad Motarjemi, S , Skjødt, MH , Nagy, D , Plauborg, F & Jacob Steensgaar Jensen, K 2019, 'Identification of effective covariates for prediction of drainage discharge at field-scale using machine-learning algorithms', EGU 2019, Vienna, Austria, 08/04/2019 - 12/04/2019.

Dueholm, M , Hjorth, IMD , Dahl, K, Pedersen, LK & Ørtoft, G 2019, 'Identification of endometrial cancers and atypical hyperplasia: Development and validation of a simplified system for ultrasound scoring of endometrial pattern', Maturitas, vol. 123, no. May, pp. 15-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.01.017

Friis, T, Vesterholm, KK, Katsanos, EI, Brandt, A & Brincker, R 2019, 'Identification of friction-coupled offshore platforms by output-only method', Paper presented at
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Lee, JM, Choi, G, Koo, B-K, Hwang, D, Park, J, Zhang, J, Kim, K-J, Tong, Y, Kim, HJ, Grady, L, Doh, J-H, Nam, C-W, Shin, E-S, Cho, Y-S, Choi, S-Y, Chun, EJ, Choi, J-H, Nørgaard, BL , Christiansen, EH, Niemen, K, Otake, H, Penicka, M, de Bruyne, B, Kubo, T, Akasaka, T, Narula, J, Douglas, PS, Taylor, CA & Kim, H-S 2019, 'Identification of high-risk plaques destined to cause Acute Coronary Syndrome using Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography and Computational Fluid Dynamics', JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 1032-1043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.01.023

Nascimento, GG, Danielsen, B, Baelum, V & Lopez, R 2019, 'Identification of inflammatory response patterns in experimental gingivitis studies', European Journal of Oral Sciences, vol. 127, no. 1, pp. 33-39. https://doi.org/10.1111/eos.12588

Andersen, TM & Maibom, J 2019, Identification of key drivers determining labour market performance and outcomes.

Bordbar, F, Jensen, J, Zhu, B, Wang, Z, Xu, L, Chang, T, Xu, L, Du, M, Zhang, L, Gao, H, Xu, L & Li, J 2019, 'Identification of muscle-specific candidate genes in Simmental beef cattle using imputed next generation sequencing', PLoS One, vol. 14, no. 10, e0223671. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223671

Giovannetti, M, Göschl, C, Dietzen, C, Andersen, SU, Kopriva, S & Busch, W 2019, 'Identification of novel genes involved in phosphate accumulation in Lotus japonicus through Genome Wide Association mapping of root system architecture and anion content', PLoS Genetics, vol. 15, no. 12, e1008126. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008126

Wu, L, Wang, J, Cai, Q, Cavazos, TB, Emami, NC, Long, J, Shu, X-O, Lu, Y, Guo, X, Bauer, JA, Pasaniuc, B, Penney, KL, Freedman, ML, Kote-Jarai, Z, Witte, JS, Haiman, CA, Eeles, RA, Zheng, W & PRACTICAL, CRUK, BPC3, CAPS, PEGASUS Consortia 2019, 'Identification of Novel Susceptibility Loci and Genes for Prostate Cancer Risk: A Transcriptome-Wide Association Study in Over 140,000 European Descendants', Cancer Research, vol. 79, no. 13, pp. 3192-3204. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-3536