Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Hübel, C, Gaspar, HA, Coleman, JRI, Finucane, H, Purves, KL, Hanscombe, KB, Prokopenko, I, Graff, M, Ngwa, JS, Workalemahu, T, O'Reilly, PF, Bulik, CM, Breen, G, Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Tourette Syndrome/Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, MAGIC Investigators & Eating Disorders Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium 2019, 'Genomics of body fat percentage may contribute to sex bias in anorexia nervosa', American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, vol. 180, no. 6, pp. 428-438. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.32709

Stronen, AV, Iacolina, L, Pertoldi, C, Tokarska, M, Sørensen, BS, Bahrndorff, S, Oleński, K, Kamiński, S & Nikolskiy, P 2019, 'Genomic variability in the extinct steppe bison (Bison priscus) compared to the European bison (Bison bonasus)', Mammal Research, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 127-131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-018-0387-8

Ørsted, M, Hoffmann, AA, Sverrisdóttir, E, Nielsen, KL & Kristensen, TN 2019, 'Genomic variation predicts adaptive evolutionary responses better than population bottleneck history', PLoS Genetics, vol. 15, no. 6, e1008205, pp. e1008205. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008205

Liu, A , Su, G , Höglund, J , Zhang, Z , Thomasen, JR , Christiansen, IA, Wang, Y & Kargo, M 2019, 'Genotype by environment interaction for female fertility traits under conventional and organic production systems in Danish Holsteins', Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 102, no. 9, pp. 8134-8147. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15482

Zhang, Z , Kargo, M , Liu, A , Thomasen, JR, Pan, Y & Su, G 2019, 'Genotype-by-environment interaction of fertility traits in Danish Holstein cattle using a single-step genomic reaction norm model', Heredity, vol. 123, no. 2, pp. 202-214. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41437-019-0192-4

Chu, TT 2019, 'Genotype by environment interactions in poultry breeding programs'. https://doi.org/10.18174/506477

Hansen, LE & Pedersen, LAN 2019, Gentænk aldring i Ringkøbing-Skjern og Ikast-Brande: en analyse af Svalholm Dans’ projekt Rethink Ageing, Region Midt 2018-19. Aarhus University, Aarhus.

Butt, SA, Kelstrup, L, Lidang, M, Bertelsen, M, Ejrnæs, K, Sunde, L & Perin, TL 2019, 'Gentagne diploid biparental molae', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 181, V02190144.

Bomholt Larsen, AS , Skydsgaard, MA & Kirkfeldt, SS, Gentest og tandbørster. Hvordan sundhed blev fælles, 2019, 2D/3D (psysical products).

Hansen, SF , Larsen, LB , Wiking, L , Rasmussen, JT & Hogan, SA 2019, 'Gentle isolation of milk fat globule membrane material by microfiltration of raw milk', ADSA Annual Meeting 2019, Cincinnati, United States, 23/06/2019 - 26/06/2019.

Jensen-Dahm, C, Kbstrup Zakarias, J, Gasse, C & Waldemar, G 2019, 'Geographical Variation in Opioid Use in Elderly Patients with Dementia: A Nationwide Study', Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 70, no. 4, pp. 1209-1216. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-190413

Zakarias, JK, Jensen-Dahm, C, Nørgaard, A, Roos, P, Gasse, C, Phung, TKT & Waldemar, G 2019, 'Geographical Variation in the Diagnostic Rate and Quality of Dementia Diagnoses', Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 513-520. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-190030

Adriansen, HK, Madsen, LM, Nissen, CFR & Juul-Wiese, T 2019, 'Geographies of internationalisation: from policies to practice'.

Hermanowski, P, Piotrowski, JA & Szuman, I 2019, 'Geological heterogeneity, impeded groundwater drainage and enhanced meltwater erosion in the formation of Stargard drumlin field, NW Poland', INQUA, Dublin, Ireland, 25/07/2019 - 31/07/2019.

Ruokolainen, K, Moulatlet, GM, Zuquim, G, Hoorn, C & Tuomisto, H 2019, 'Geologically recent rearrangements in central amazonian river network and their importance for the riverine barrier hypothesis', Frontiers of Biogeography, vol. 11, no. 3, e45046. https://doi.org/10.21425/F5FBG45046

Scott, JM & Turnbull, IM 2019, 'Geology of New Zealand’s Sub-Antarctic Islands', New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 291-317. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2019.1600557

Battisti, NML, Gomes, F, Haase, K, Kenis, C, Istvan Liposits, G, Loh, KP, Magnuson, A, Neuendorff, NR, Nightingale, G, Pergolotti, M, Puts, M, Ramsdale, E, Sattar, S, Perez de Celis, ES & Wong, M 2019, 'GERIATRIC EVALUATION WORKSHOP', Journal of Geriatric Oncology, vol. 10, no. 6 Suppl. 1, S4. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1879-4068(19)31126-9

Reinhardt-Larsen, J 2019, 'Germinal i Armenien: Jens Malling, Kobberminen i Armenien – og Danmarks brud på menneskerettighederne, Trembita, 2019, 136 sider', Magasinet rØst. <https://magasinetroest.dk/germinal-i-armenien/>

Liaw, SY, Wu, LT, Wong, LF, Soh, SLH, Chow, YL, Ringsted, C, Lau, TC & Lim, WS 2019, '“Getting Everyone on the Same Page”: Interprofessional Team Training to Develop Shared Mental Models on Interprofessional Rounds', Journal of General Internal Medicine, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 2912-2917. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05320-z

Gantriis, DL, Thorup, AAE & Bliksted, V 2019, 'Getting reliable information about the home environment in at-risk families: A systematic literature review', Social Work in Mental Health, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 381-401. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332985.2018.1555106

Iversen, S 2019, 'Getting to the Point: Response to “Fictionality as Rhetoric: A Distinctive Research Paradigm”', Style (DeKalb), vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 477-483. https://doi.org/10.5325/style.53.4.0477

Thomsen, BMS 2019, Ghita Nørby (b. 1935). Nordics.info, Aarhus.

Stadler, M, Fischer, F, Papadopoulos, PM, Radkowitsch, A, Schmidmaier, R, Fischer, M, Li, H, Hao, J, Greiff, S & Graesser, AC 2019, 'Ghost in the Machine: A Symposium on Collaboration Between Human and Computerized Agents in Educational Contexts', Paper presented at 13th International Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) 2019, Lyon, France, 17/06/2019 - 21/06/2019 pp. 727-734. <https://repository.isls.org/bitstream/1/1661/1/727-734.pdf>

Burdanova, MG, Tsapenko, AP, Satco, DA, Kashtiban, R, Mosley, CDW, Monti, M, Staniforth, M, Sloan, J, Gladush, YG, Nasibulin, AG & Lloyd-Hughes, J 2019, 'Giant Negative Terahertz Photoconductivity in Controllably Doped Carbon Nanotube Networks', ACS Photonics, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1058-1066. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.9b00138

Grunblatt, SK, Huber, D, Gaidos, E, Hon, M, Zinn, JC & Stello, D 2019, 'Giant Planet Occurrence within 0.2 au of Low-luminosity Red Giant Branch Stars with K2', Astronomical Journal, vol. 158, no. 6, 227. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab4c35

Mørk, SR , Eftekhari, A , Tang, M & Klaaborg, K-E 2019, 'Giant unruptured aneurysm of the left coronary sinus of Valsalva presenting as acute coronary syndrome: a case report', European Heart Journal: Case Reports, vol. 3, no. 2. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjcr/ytz053

Madsen, CD 2019, 'Gifted Children i danish primary schools - How does school life appear if you see it from children ́s perspectives?', 23rd WCGTC World Conference - A World of Possibilities: Gifts, Talents & Potential - World Council for Gifted and Talented Children, Nashville, United States, 24/07/2019 - 28/07/2019.

Helle, S 2019, Gilgamesh: a subversive foundation. in M Friesen & CL Hesse (eds), Antike Kanonisierungsprozesse und Identitätsbildung in Zeiten des Umbruchs: Tagungsband zur internationalen Nachwuchstagung in Münster 26. - 27. Mai 2017. Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität , Münster, pp. 27-41. <https://repositorium.uni-muenster.de/document/miami/3457b943-4fb7-499e-96f6-676314e830bd/friesen_hesse_buchblock.pdf>

Møller, AH 2019, 'Gilgamesh, den "mægtige, formfuldendte, frygtindgydende"', Litteraturmagasinet Standart, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 21-22.

Helle, S (Translator) & Søndergaard, M (Translator) 2019, Gilgamesh: En oversættelse fra akkadisk. translated by Sophus Helle, Morten Søndergaard, Gyldendal, København.

Helle, S 2019, '“Gilgamesh” i ental', Babelfisken. <http://www.babelfisken.dk/2019/04/03/gilgamesh-i-ental/>

Helle, S 2019, '‘Gilgamesh’: På kanten af kanon', Standart, vol. 33, no. 2, 33, pp. 42–43.

Jensen, SS , Plejdrup, MS & Hillig, K 2019, GIS-based National Road and Traffic Database 1960-2020. Technical Report from DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, no. 151, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy. <https://dce2.au.dk/pub/TR151.pdf>

Kannan, SS & Thomsen, JF 2019, 'GIT quotient of a Bott–Samelson–Demazure–Hansen variety by a maximal torus', Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences: Mathematical Sciences, vol. 129, no. 2, 25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12044-019-0470-3

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Wysota, W, Adamczyk, A & Piotrowski, JA 2019, 'Glacial curvilineations along the southern fringe of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet: geomorpholo-gy and mechanism of formation', INQUA, Dublin, Ireland, 25/07/2019 - 31/07/2019.

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